All Pakistan Physics Olympiad Society-APPOS

On March 8th in 1886, Edward Calvin Kendall was born. Edward Calvin Kendall, an American biochemist and physiologist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1950 for his work on the hormones of the adrenal gland.

Kendall grew up in Connecticut and studied at Columbia University, where he earned his PhD in 1908. After graduation, he worked as a biochemist at the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota, where he began his research on the adrenal gland.

His breakthrough came in the 1930s when he and his colleagues isolated and identified the hormone cortisone, which is produced by the adrenal gland. Cortisone is an important hormone that helps regulate metabolism, immune function, and the body's response to stress.

Kendall's work on cortisone was significant because it led to the development of synthetic cortisone, which is used to treat a variety of conditions, including arthritis, allergies, and autoimmune disorders. His research also contributed to the development of other steroid hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone.

In addition to his work on cortisone, Kendall made other important contributions to the field of biochemistry and physiology, including the discovery of several other hormones produced by the adrenal gland.

Kendall retired from the Mayo Clinic in 1951 but continued to work on research projects until his death in 1972. He was widely recognized for his contributions to science and received numerous honors and awards throughout his career, including the National Medal of Science in 1966.

Edward Kendall's research on the adrenal gland and its hormones had a significant impact on the field of medicine, and his work continues to be studied and applied today.

All those who have given NSTC Physics test . Please, write down all the questions you probably remember.

Sorry for this late post. But, better late than never

Joseph von Fraunhofer
(6 March 1787 – 7 June 1826) 🔸️German physicist and optical lens manufacturer.
🔸️He made optical glass and achromatic telescope objective lenses, invented the spectroscope, and developed diffraction grating.

We are back!!!!

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1DoetABwJYfLyhyckckVmMsOhfkN2pDUT/view?usp=drivesdk

Halliday and Resnick's "Fundamentals of Physics" is a comprehensive textbook on the subject of physics. Some of the properties of this book that are relevant for the International Physics Olympiad (IPhO) are:

Rigor: The book presents physics concepts and principles in a rigorous and systematic manner, with a focus on developing a deep understanding of the underlying principles.

Clarity: The book is written in a clear and concise manner, with well-organized and easy-to-understand explanations, examples, and illustrations.

Emphasis on problem-solving: The book places a strong emphasis on problem-solving skills, with a wide variety of exercises and problems that challenge students to apply their knowledge to practical situations.

Broad coverage: The book covers a wide range of topics in physics, from mechanics and thermodynamics to quantum mechanics and relativity, making it a valuable resource for students preparing for IPhO.

Emphasis on experimental techniques: The book includes detailed explanations of experimental techniques and methods, as well as examples of how these techniques are used to explore physical phenomena.

Applications: The book includes numerous real-world applications of physics principles, from the design of electronic devices to the behavior of the universe at large scales.

Mathematical rigor: The book includes a strong emphasis on mathematical rigor, with detailed mathematical derivations of key physics concepts and principles.

Overall, "Fundamentals of Physics" by Halliday and Resnick is an excellent resource for students preparing for IPhO, providing a comprehensive and rigorous treatment of the subject that emphasizes both theoretical and practical aspects of physics.

Get the book from this link:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1DoetABwJYfLyhyckckVmMsOhfkN2pDUT/view?usp=drivesdk

18 years old an American boy became interested in the question of just why are atoms held a certain distance apart. How far apart are they when they are bonded together and what is it that holds them at this distance? What is the chemical bond between atoms? What are the structures of molecules?... Between 1925 to 1927, he studied with (fellowship) three great physicists: in Munich, in Zurich, and in Copenhagen. Later he became one of the founders of the fields of quantum chemistry and molecular biology. That American boy is our "scientist of the day" today.

It's the birthday of , the only person who has won two unshared (sole recipient) - - -

(Scientist of the Day - 28 February)

In Europe in the late 1920s Pauling began using quantum mechanics – specifically Shrödinger’s wave equation – to understand more complex systems consisting of multiple nuclei and multiple electrons i.e. chemical compounds. He devised valence bond theory and gave chemistry its now everyday concepts of , orbital hybridization, and . These concepts are crucial in the teaching and understanding of how chemical compounds form and behave.

Pauling had no interest in the philosophical implications of quantum theory which fascinated Niels Bohr, , and many other European physicists.

Alan Harvey Guth is an American theoretical physicist and cosmologist who is best known for his pioneering work on the theory of cosmic inflation, which explains the origin and structure of the universe.

Born on February 27, 1947, in New Brunswick, New Jersey, Guth received his bachelor's degree in physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1968, and his Ph.D. in physics from MIT in 1972. After completing his postdoctoral studies at Princeton University, Guth joined the faculty at MIT in 1980, where he is currently a professor of physics.

In the early 1980s, Guth developed the theory of cosmic inflation, which posits that the universe underwent a rapid and exponential expansion in the first few moments after the Big Bang. This theory explains several key features of the universe, including its homogeneity, isotropy, and flatness, which are difficult to explain without inflation. Guth's work on inflation has had a profound impact on the field of cosmology and has become a cornerstone of the modern understanding of the universe.

In addition to his work on cosmic inflation, Guth has made important contributions to a wide range of topics in theoretical physics and cosmology, including the study of phase transitions in the early universe, the theory of cosmic strings, and the search for a unified theory of particle physics and gravity.

Guth has received numerous honors for his work, including the Dirac Medal from the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics in 2009, the Kavli Prize in Astrophysics in 2014, and the Fundamental Physics Prize in 2018. He is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the National Academy of Sciences, and the American Physical Society.

Today, Guth remains an active researcher and continues to make important contributions to our understanding of the universe.

Hey everyone! With the Physics Olympiad exams coming up, I wanted to share some quick tips that can help you prepare and perform your best:

Practice regularly: Consistent practice is key to mastering the concepts and solving problems. Set aside time every day to practice and work on your weaknesses.

Understand the concepts: Don't just memorize formulas and equations. Make sure you understand the underlying concepts and how they apply to different situations.

Solve past papers: Solve as many past papers as you can to get familiar with the exam format and types of questions. This will also help you identify your strengths and weaknesses.

Manage your time: During the exam, manage your time wisely. Don't spend too much time on a single question and prioritize the ones you know you can solve.

Stay calm and focused: Lastly, stay calm and focused during the exam. Take deep breaths and don't panic if you encounter a difficult question. Stay focused and give it your best shot.

Good luck to everyone taking the Physics Olympiad exams! Let's crush it!

Hey everyone! Just wanted to give you all a quick update. I've been offline for a while due to some connection problems, but I'm happy to say that I'm back now! Sorry for any inconvenience this may have caused, but I'm looking forward to catching up with all of you and seeing what's been going on. Thanks for your patience and understanding!

Dmitri Mendeleev was a Russian chemist and inventor who is best known for creating the periodic table of elements. He was born on February 8, 1834, in Tobolsk, Russia and is considered one of the greatest chemists of all time. Mendeleev arranged the elements known at the time in order of increasing atomic weight and found that certain chemical and physical properties recurred periodically. This discovery helped to establish the law of chemical periodicity, which formed the basis of the periodic table. Mendeleev's periodic table is still used today in chemistry classrooms and research labs around the world.

Konstantin Petrovich Feoktistov was born on this day i.e February 7,1926 .Konstantin Petrovich Feoktistov was a Soviet cosmonaut and engineer. He was one of the first three civilians selected to fly into space and was part of the crew of the Voskhod 1 mission in 1964. Feoktistov was a designer of the Voskhod spacecraft and helped develop the world's first multi-person spacecraft. He later became a prominent scientist and engineer in the Soviet space program, working on several key projects including the development of the Soyuz spacecraft.