12/08/2026
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Important Educational Guide for Radiology & Sonology Professionals across the globe.
Lateral neck masses have a broad differential diagnosis and accurate anatomical localization, clinical correlation, and appropriate imaging are essential for reaching the correct diagnosis.
Common lesions and conditions that may be encountered include:
• – A common congenital cystic lesion in the lateral neck.
• – May be reactive, inflammatory, infectious, or metastatic.
• – A multiloculated cystic lesion, commonly seen in children.
• – Usually a midline lesion that may move with swallowing or tongue protrusion.
• – A mucus-retention cyst arising from the sublingual gland.
• – A benign cystic lesion that may occur in the floor of the mouth or neck.
• – A benign fibrous lesion, particularly recognized in infants.
• – Ectopic, enlarged, or nodular thyroid and parathyroid tissue may present as neck masses.
• Other congenital, inflammatory, vascular, and neoplastic lesions should also be considered.
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High-resolution ultrasound is an important first-line imaging modality for many superficial and cervical neck masses. Color and spectral Doppler can further assess vascularity, blood flow and the relationship of a lesion to adjacent vessels.
Important: Imaging findings should always be interpreted together with the patient's clinical history and examination. Suspicious or indeterminate lesions may require further evaluation with CT, MRI, laboratory assessment, or tissue diagnosis such as FNAC/biopsy as clinically indicated.
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