Chemistry Club Pakistan

Thermochemistry Notes:

The Woman Who Invented WI-FI.

The most beautiful woman in the world in cinema and thanks to her we have Wi-Fi. Her name was Hedi, Hedi Lamarr.

She was a Viennese Jewish woman with a passion for technology and a vocation for theater and film. In Hollywood, and first in Germany, where she began her career and then escaped to avoid the N***s, she was called the most beautiful woman in the world and, indeed, her photos and films confirm that she was incredibly beautiful and talented.

What few in Hollywood suspected was that the brunette who starred alongside Spencer Tracy or Clark Gable was also an extraordinary communications engineer, capable of inventing and patenting a teleguide system for missiles.

The U.S. government rejected the invention during World War II, only to take it back at the time of the Cuban crisis. Hedi Lamarr's invention became fundamental to the development of Wi-Fi Technology.
In short, if today we can connect wirelessly with mobiles, PCs and tablets to networks, we owe it to her, the most beautiful woman in the world, which is celebrated today in Austria and Germany, because her birthday has become Inventor's Day.

Shape of molecules

Dual Nature!!

In his 1924 PhD thesis, Louis de Broglie proposed that particles can exhibit wave-like properties, a concept known as wave-particle duality. This was a fundamental shift in how particles such as electrons were understood.

𝐋𝐢𝐬𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐃𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐩𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐃𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐂𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬!

𝟭) 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗮𝗿𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗮 🇨🇳

- ANSO Scholarship (Offered in few Specific Universities
- CSC (Chinese Govt Scholarship)
- Schwarzman Scholarship
- Presidential Scholarship
- University Scholarship
- Provincial Scolarship
- Municipal Scholarship
- Shanghai Gov Sch

Each of them depends on City & University too.

𝟮) 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗮𝗿𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝘁𝗵 𝗞𝗼𝗿𝗲𝗮 🇰🇷
- GKS Or KGSP {Korean Govt Scholarship (Embassy + University Track)}
- Professor Funded Scholarship (Professor Acceptance + Funding by Him)

𝟯) 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗮𝗿𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗧𝗵𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗱 🇹🇭
- University Scholarships Like AIT, Chula etc
- TGGS-DAAD (Thailand + Germany Fellowship one year in Thailand & 2nd Year in Germany)

𝟰) 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗮𝗿𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗜𝗻𝗱𝗼𝗻𝗲𝘀𝗶𝗮 🇮🇩
- KNB Scholarship
- Universities Scholarship

𝟱) 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗮𝗿𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗠𝗮𝗹𝗮𝘆𝘀𝗶𝗮 🇲🇾
- MTCP Scholarship
- Professor Funded Positions

𝟲) 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗮𝗿𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗜𝘁𝗮𝗹𝘆 🇮🇹
- Universities Scholarships + Regional Scholarships

𝟳) 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗮𝗿𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽𝘀 𝗢𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝗯𝘆 𝗛𝗘𝗖 𝗕𝗮𝘀𝗲𝗱 𝗼𝗻 𝗛𝗔𝗧 𝗧𝗲𝘀𝘁:
- NPU, XJTU, SJTU etc (China)
- Stipendium Hungaricum (Hungary 🇭🇺 )
- Commonwealth
- Burnei Darussalam

𝐍𝐎𝐓𝐄 :
For the next intake, you have huge amount of time, search each of them & check it's requirments, it's timelines (Start + End date) and the Procedure of Apply.

Prepare your Documents accordingly & make sure you left no stone unturned while preparing your documents, I am hopeful you will grab a good position.

Good Luck 🤞🏻

Advance organic chemistry.

Discovering Chemistry: Your Guide to the Different Branches of Chemistry and Their Fascinating Possibilities

Types of Titrations

There are several types of titration commonly used in chemistry:

*Acid-BaseTitration

Volumetric Analysis
🌟Titration

Titration is like a careful mixing game in chemistry. You start with one solution in a flask and slowly add another solution until they completely balance or react. It helps figure out things like the concentration of a substance in the first solution.

👉Indicator is more important and depends on the type of titration.
♦️Redox Titration

Different titration methods used in analytical chemistry, each serving specific purposes in quantifying different types of substances in a sample.
👉Mostly potentiometer or redox electrode is used as indicator in Redox titrations.

🌟Complexometric Titration
👉Indicator used in complexometric titration

Ahead of this year's Nobel Prize in Chemistry announcement tomorrow, here's a reminder of the research that was awarded last year's prize: click chemistry to snap together molecular building blocks:

Basic unit conversion factors 🙂

Chemical reaction of phenol.
Hand written notes :