English Language and Linguistics by Ibrar

Parts of speech?
We can categorize English words into eight basic parts or groups called parts of speech.

Syllable:
A vowel sound in a word is called syllable.
e.g,
1)Submit-2 syllables
2)Hen-1 syllabe
3)Beautiful-3 syllables.

What is grammer?
The way which is used for the structure of phrases and sentences in a language is called grammer.

Voiced and Voiceless sounds.
(1)Voiced Sounds:
When the vocal cords are drawn together,the air from the lungs repeatidly pushes them apart as it passes through,creating a vibration.Sounds produced in this way are called voiced sounds.
Z-Z-Z-Z and V-V-V-V are voiced sounds.
(2)Voiceless Sounds:
When the vocal cords are spread apart,the air from the lungs passes between them unimpeded.Sounds produced in this way are called voiceless sounds.
S-S-S-S and F-F-F-F are voiceless sounds.

Digraph and Trigraph:
Digraph:Digraph is a single sound represented by two letters.
e.g,Ch_Chair
Sh_Shoe etc.
Trigraph:Trigraph is a single sound represented by three letters.
e.g,Sch_School
Squ_Square etc.

Finite and non- finite verbs:
Finite verb:
Finite verb is that verb which agrees with its subject in person and number.
e.g,1)Aslam is a good boy.
2)Ali and Aslam are brothers.
3)I am an honest boy.
So am,is,are,was,were etc are some forms of finite verbs.
Non-finite verb:
Non-finite verb is that verb which agrees with all subjects irrespective of person or number.
e.g, 1)Be kind to others.
2)Being Muslims we should recite the Holy Quran.
E)Ali,be active.
So be,been,being are some basic forms of non-finite verbs.

Transitive and Non-transitive verbs:
Transitive verb:
A verb which is directly followed by an object is called transitive verb.
e.g, (1)Aslam eats an apple.
(2) He drinks water.
Non-transitive verb:
A verb which is not directly followed
by an object is called non-transitive verb.
e.g (1) She sleeps.
(2) Ali smiles.

English Language originated its life in Bretain.

Hyponymy:
That form of words in which the meaning of one word is added to the meaning of another,then this relationship is called hyponymy.
e.g,daffodile-flower
Rabbit-animal
Carrot-vegetables
Sparrow-bird
Snake-reptiles etc.

(1)Synonymy:
Those forms of words which are closely related to each other in their meanings,then this relationship is called synonymy.
e.g,big-huge
wide-broad
Cosy-comfortable etc.
(2)Antonymy:
Those forms of words which are opposite in their meanings,then the difference is called antonymy.
e.g,big-small
Long-short
Light-heavy etc.

About English Language:
English language originated its life in Bretain.

Formula for Parts of speech:
N-noun
A-adje.
P-prep.
A-adverb
C-conj.
+
V-verb
I-interj.
P-pronoun