The soon to be created Dominion of Pakistan received six armoured, eight artillery and eight infantry regiments compared to the 12 armoured, forty artillery and twenty one infantry regiments that went to India. Fearing that India would take over the state of Kashmir, irregulars, scouts and tribal groups entered the Muslim majority state of Kashmir to oppose the Maharaja of Kashmir and Kashmiri Hin
dus and Sikhs in 1947, even though the Maharaja chose to join the Union of India. This led to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. Regular army units joined the invasion later on but were stopped after the refusal of the army chief of staff, British officer General Sir Frank Messervy, to obey Pakistani leader Jinnah's orders to move the army into Kashmir. A ceasefire followed on UN intervention with Pakistan occupying the northwestern part of Kashmir and India occupying the rest. Later, during the 1950s, the Pakistan Army received large amounts of economic and military aid from the United States and Great Britain after signing two mutual defence treaties, the Baghdad Pact, which led to the formation of the Central Treaty Organization, and the South East Asian Treaty Organization (SEATO) in 1954. This aid greatly expanded the Army from its modest beginnings. The sole division headquarters that went to Pakistan was the 7th. 8th and 9th Divisions were raised in 1947; 10, 12th and 14 Divisions were raised in 1948. 15 Div was raised in 1950. At some point before 1954, 6 Division was raised and 9 Division disbanded. 6 Division was disbanded at some point after 1954 as US assistance was available only for one armoured and six infantry divisions.
1958–1969
Main article: Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
Pakistan Army took over from politicians for the first time when General Ayub Khan came to power through a bloodless coup in 1958. He formed Convention Muslim League which includes Pakistan's first elected Prime Minister Z.A. Tensions with India continued in the 1960s and a brief border skirmish was fought near the Rann of Kutch area during April 1965.After that over 30000 Pakistani soldiers wearing local dress attacked Kashmir that eventually started Indo-Pak war of 1965.In retaliation Indian Forces launched large scale attack on Pakistan's heart Punjab are,though their first attack was beaten back,but soon after that,Indians won decisive victory over Pakistani superior tank fleet in battle of Assal Uttar,Burki and Philora.India captured some Pakistani area including Sialcoat town,after that Pakistani troops made a last stand in Chaiwanda where was Pakistan eventually managed to hold off Indian tanks,but in a huge cost,before Indians again regroup and attack a ceasefire agreement was reached. The war ended in the Tashkent Declaration and is widely regarded by neutral sources to India emerged as victor due to its success in defeating Pakistani backed intruders in Kashmir in the first stage of war. According to the Library of Congress Country Studies conducted by the Federal Research Division of the United States[11] The war was militarily inconclusive; each side held prisoners and some territory belonging to the other. The Pakistan Army considers itself to have achieved a victory because it simply insisting and ignoring that treaty of Tashkent was arranged by USSR, that managed to hold off significantly larger force attacking Pakistani territory at different points, which the PA did not expect and was not prepared or equipped for. Indian sources as well as neutral sources disagree and call the end result an Indian victory.All though Pakistan failed in Kashmir. Highly effective support from the Pakistan Air Force, which was unexpected, is often considered to have neutralised India's advantage in quantity of forces. The accurate artillery fire provided by the PA artillery units is also stated to have played a significant role. An uprising against General Ayub Khan during 1968 and 1969 resulted in Ayub Khan relinquishing his office as President and Chief of Army Staff in favour of General Yahya Khan, who assumed power in 1969. 16 Division, 18 Division and 23 Division were raised at some point between 1966 and 1969 and 9 Division was re-raised during this period.
1969–1971
