Abdul Manan Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences

Admissions Open for January/ February session 2026

"How a Blood Clot from the Heart Can Cause a Stroke 🧠💔 | Must Know Warning Signs!"
Did you know that a small clot in your heart can travel to your brain and block blood flow — causing a stroke within minutes? 💡
This image shows how Atrial Fibrillation (irregular heartbeat) can form a clot that moves to the brain and blocks an artery.
👉 Learn the signs, act fast, and save lives!

Alcohol in 3D animation #alcohol #healthcare #healtheducation #PublicHealth

“The Painful Journey of a Kidney Stone – From Formation to Exit” #KidneyStone #KidneyHealth #MedicalAwareness #3DMedicalAnimation #HealthEducation #Hydration #DrinkWater #HealthTips #Urology #BodyAwareness #MedicalVideo #HealthyLifestyle #Wellness #StayHydrated #KidneyPain #UrinaryHealth #PreventStones #HealthAwareness

When to Label Refractory GERD

Definition: Persistent typical GERD symptoms (heartburn or regurgitation) despite optimized PPI therapy.

Criteria (commonly used):
1. Symptoms persist after 8 weeks of standard-dose PPI.
2. Adherence is confirmed (taking correctly before meals).
3. Lifestyle factors addressed (weight loss, head-of-bed elevation, diet modifications).

Optional further classification:
• Partial response: Some symptom relief, but not complete.
• True refractory: No significant relief after 8–12 weeks of twice-daily PPI or optimized therapy.

Next steps after labeling refractory GERD:
• Evaluate for alternative diagnoses: eosinophilic esophagitis, functional heartburn, motility disorder.
• Consider endoscopy or pH/impedance testing.
• Consider endoscopic or surgical options if acid suppression insufficient.

💐Malaria 🦟🦟🦟

caused by infection with Protozoa of the genus Plasmodium, which live in human blood and the liver.

💐Five species of Plasmodium that cause disease in humans:
🦟1.Plasmodium falciparum → usually the most severe
🦟2.Plasmodium vivax → common and can relapse
🦟3.Plasmodium malariae → causes quartan fever (fever recurs every 72 hours: fever on day 1 → no fever for 2 days → fever again on day 4)
🦟 4.Plasmodium ovale → similar to vivax but rare
🦟 5. Plasmodium knowlesi → found in Southeast Asia, has a 24-hour cycle

💐Vector
🔸Anopheles mosquito 🦟
🔸Female mosquitoes bite and transmit the parasite from person to person

💐Life cycle
🔸In humans: parasites enter the body via mosquito bite → liver → red blood cells → multiply → cause
fever
🔸In mosquitoes: mosquitoes ingest blood containing parasites → parasites develop inside mosquito →
can be transmitted to another person

💐Main symptoms
🔸Intermittent fever, chills, sweating, headache, muscle pain, fatigue
🔸 Possible complications: anemia, kidney failure, cerebral edema (especially in P. falciparum)

This image shows an overview of hormones in the human body and the main glands or organs that produce them. Hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream to regulate growth, metabolism, reproduction, and many other vital functions. Here’s a breakdown:

1. Hypothalamus – Produces TRH, CRH, GHRH, dopamine, somatostatin, and vasopressin. It links the nervous system to the endocrine system and controls the pituitary gland.

2. Pineal Gland – Produces melatonin, which regulates sleep and circadian rhythms.

3. Pituitary Gland – Known as the “master gland.” It secretes hormones such as GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, prolactin, oxytocin, and vasopressin that control growth, thyroid activity, adrenal function, reproduction, and water balance.

4. Thyroid and Parathyroid – The thyroid releases T3, T4, and calcitonin to regulate metabolism and calcium balance. The parathyroid produces PTH to control calcium and phosphate levels.

5. Thymus – Produces thymopoietin, important for immune system development.

6. Stomach – Secretes hormones like gastrin, ghrelin, histamine, and somatostatin, which aid digestion and appetite regulation.

7. Liver – Produces IGF (insulin-like growth factors) and THPO, which are important for growth and platelet production.

8. Adrenal Glands – Release adrenaline, noradrenaline, glucocorticoids (like cortisol), and androgens to control stress response, metabolism, and blood pressure.

9. Pancreas – Produces insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin to regulate blood sugar levels.

10. Kidneys – Secrete calcitriol (vitamin D form), renin, and erythropoietin, which regulate blood pressure, red blood cell production, and calcium balance.

11. Te**es – Produce androgens (testosterone), estradiol, and inhibin, which control male reproductive functions.

12. Ovaries and Placenta – Produce estrogens and progesterone, important for female reproduction, pregnancy, and menstrual cycle.

13. Uterus – Produces prolactin and relaxin, important during pregnancy and childbirth.

👉 In short, hormones keep the body in balance (homeostasis) and coordinate nearly every system, from growth and energy use to stress responses and reproduction.

Organs and their functions

Different routes of Injections administration

Hepatomegaly (Enlarged Liver) An enlarged liver is a symptom of underlying disease. It means that your liver is larger than normal. This may happen in response to an infection, advanced liver disease or cancer. Healthcare providers treat an enlarged liver by treating what's causing it.