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Idiom of the day

Quote of the day

آج کل ، گلی محلے میں بچوں کے ہاتھوں میں ایک ایسا کھلونا ہے جس سے ٹک ٹک کی آوازی آتی ہیں اور اس کی آواز سے قریب کھڑے کسی شخص کو ایسا محسوس ہوتا ہے جیسے اس کے سر پر کوئی ہتھوڑے سے کیل ماررہا ہو۔

آپ کو بتاتا چلوں کہ اس کھلونے کی تاریخ بھی قدیم ہے ۔
یہ کھلونا Clackers یا Clack Balls کے نام سے بھی جانا جاتا ہے، ایک قسم کا کھلونا ہے جس میں دو چھوٹے، سخت پلاسٹک کے گول گینڈ ایک تار سے جڑے ہوتے ہیں۔ ان کے پیچھے جو سائنس کارفرما ہے وہ مندرجہ ذیل ہیں۔
Newton's Second Law, Newton's Third Law, Resonance, Conservation of Energy, and Conservation of Momentum.

مندرجہ بالا اصولوں کو سمجھانے لگ جاؤ تو تحریر طویل ہوجائے گی۔لہذا اسے آسان انداز میں سمجھنے کی کوشش کرتے ہیں۔

جب آپ گیندوں کو اچھالتے ہیں۔ اور اسے چھوڑ دیتے ہیں، تو وہ گیندیں آپس میں ٹکراتی ہیں۔ گیندوں کی یہ تصادم حرکتی توانائی ان میں منتقل کرتا ہے، جس سے دونوں گیندیں واپس اوپر کی طرف حرکت کرنے لگتی ہیں۔ جب دونوں گیندیں بلند ہوتی ہیں، وہاں بھی آپس میں ٹکراکر واپس نیچے آتی ہیں اور یہ عمل دوبارہ شروع ہوتا ہے۔ گیندوں کے درمیان توانائی کے مسلسل تبادلہ کے نتیجہ میں ایک ترتیب وار حرکت جاری رہتی ہے۔ رسی کی لمبائی اور گیندوں کی کمیت ٹکراؤ کی ترتیب (فریکوئنسی) اور شدت پر اثر انداز ہوتی ہے۔جس سے ایک مخصوص تالیاں (آواز)بجتی ہے۔
اس کھلونے کی مقبولیت 1960 کی دہائی کے آخر اور 1970 کی دہائی کے اوائل میں، بنیادی طور پر امریکہ میں ہوئی تھی۔سائنس کے کچھ تجربے اس سے مماثل ہیں جیسے کہ "pendulum" اور ""Newton's Cradle"" وغیرہ

اسے چینی لوگ ""click -clack"" کے نام سے جانتے ہیں اور کہتے ہیں شاید امریکینوں نے چینیوں سے متاثر ہوکر اس کھلونے کو بنایا۔
1960 اور 70 کی دہائی میں اصل کلیکرز شیشے سے بنائے گئے تھے۔ تب گیندیں کبھی کبھار ٹکرانے سے بکھر جاتی تھیں اور ان شیشوں کے ٹکڑے بچوں کو زخمی کرتی تھی۔ چونکہ زیادہ سے زیادہ بچوں کو کلیکرز کے ساتھ کھیلنے سے چوٹ لگتی تھی تو یو ایس فوڈ اینڈ ڈرگ ایڈمنسٹریشن نے مینوفیکچررز کے لیے روک دیا اور یوں امریکی سے clackers ختم گیا تھا

اس کھلونے کی مقبولیت دوبارہ انڈونیشیا سے ہوئی جہاں پر اسے پلاسٹک سے بنایا گیا اور اس سے بچوں کو چوٹ لگنے کا خطرا بھی کم ہوگیا تھا ۔انڈونیشیا میں اسے lato-latoکہا جاتا ہے ۔لاٹو-لاتو نام بگیس (bugis) کے لفظ "لٹو-لٹو"( latto-latto)سے ماخوذ ہے جس کا ترجمہ "کھڑکتی آوازیں بنانا" ہے۔
اس کی مقبولیت کے دوبارہ سر اٹھانے کی وجہ انڈونیشیا کے TikTok کے رجحانات سے منسوب کی جا سکتی ہے۔

تحریر: غلام مصطفٰی( جی۔ایم)

Css essay and precis & composition paper 2024

National Professional Standards for Teachers in Pakistan
For Teaching License and H.M test

Topic: Feedback, its Characteristics and Benefits

In the context of education, feedback is a crucial component of the learning process, providing information to students about their performance to guide their understanding and improvement. Here's a detailed explanation:

**Feedback in Education:**

**1. Formative Nature:** Educational feedback is primarily formative, occurring during the learning process rather than after. It aims to shape and inform ongoing learning, helping students understand their progress and make necessary adjustments.

**2. Individualized:** Effective educational feedback recognizes the diversity of learners. It is tailored to individual students, acknowledging their unique strengths and addressing specific areas where improvement is needed.

**3. Goal-Oriented:** Feedback in education is closely tied to learning objectives and goals. It provides students with insights into how well they are achieving these objectives and offers guidance on how to meet them more effectively.

**4. Timeliness:** Timely feedback is essential in education. It allows students to connect the feedback with the learning experience, making it more relevant and actionable. Delayed feedback may diminish its impact on learning.

**5. Constructive Critique:** Educational feedback should be constructive in nature. It focuses on what the student has done well, highlights areas for improvement, and offers specific guidance on how to enhance performance. This constructive approach fosters a positive learning environment.

**Benefits of Feedback in Education:**

**1. Learning Improvement:** Feedback serves as a tool for improvement. By understanding their strengths and weaknesses, students can actively work on refining their understanding and skills.

**2. Increased Motivation:** Positive and constructive feedback can boost student motivation. Acknowledging their efforts and achievements fosters a sense of accomplishment, encouraging continued engagement in the learning process.

**3. Self-Reflection:** Feedback prompts students to reflect on their work. This reflective process encourages metacognition, helping students develop a deeper understanding of their learning process and strategies.

**4. Effective Communication:** Feedback establishes a channel of communication between teachers and students. It creates a supportive learning environment where students feel comfortable seeking clarification, guidance, or additional help.

**5. Assessment Accuracy:** Feedback enhances the accuracy of assessments. It provides teachers with insights into individual student comprehension, allowing for adjustments in teaching methods and strategies based on specific needs.

**6. Encourages Lifelong Learning:** By instilling a habit of seeking and utilizing feedback, students develop skills for continuous self-improvement, fostering a mindset of lifelong learning beyond the classroom.





Topic: Feedback, its Characteristics and Benefits

In the context of education, feedback is a crucial component of the learning process, providing information to students about their performance to guide their understanding and improvement. Here's a detailed explanation:

**Feedback in Education:**

**1. Formative Nature:** Educational feedback is primarily formative, occurring during the learning process rather than after. It aims to shape and inform ongoing learning, helping students understand their progress and make necessary adjustments.

**2. Individualized:** Effective educational feedback recognizes the diversity of learners. It is tailored to individual students, acknowledging their unique strengths and addressing specific areas where improvement is needed.

**3. Goal-Oriented:** Feedback in education is closely tied to learning objectives and goals. It provides students with insights into how well they are achieving these objectives and offers guidance on how to meet them more effectively.

**4. Timeliness:** Timely feedback is essential in education. It allows students to connect the feedback with the learning experience, making it more relevant and actionable. Delayed feedback may diminish its impact on learning.

**5. Constructive Critique:** Educational feedback should be constructive in nature. It focuses on what the student has done well, highlights areas for improvement, and offers specific guidance on how to enhance performance. This constructive approach fosters a positive learning environment.

**Benefits of Feedback in Education:**

**1. Learning Improvement:** Feedback serves as a tool for improvement. By understanding their strengths and weaknesses, students can actively work on refining their understanding and skills.

**2. Increased Motivation:** Positive and constructive feedback can boost student motivation. Acknowledging their efforts and achievements fosters a sense of accomplishment, encouraging continued engagement in the learning process.

**3. Self-Reflection:** Feedback prompts students to reflect on their work. This reflective process encourages metacognition, helping students develop a deeper understanding of their learning process and strategies.

**4. Effective Communication:** Feedback establishes a channel of communication between teachers and students. It creates a supportive learning environment where students feel comfortable seeking clarification, guidance, or additional help.

**5. Assessment Accuracy:** Feedback enhances the accuracy of assessments. It provides teachers with insights into individual student comprehension, allowing for adjustments in teaching methods and strategies based on specific needs.

**6. Encourages Lifelong Learning:** By instilling a habit of seeking and utilizing feedback, students develop skills for continuous self-improvement, fostering a mindset of lifelong learning beyond the classroom.

In summary, feedback in education is formative, individualized, goal-oriented, timely, and constructive. Its benefits encompass improved learning outcomes, increased motivation, self-reflection, effective communication, accurate assessments, and the cultivation of a lifelong learning mindset.


In summary, feedback in education is formative, individualized, goal-oriented, timely, and constructive. Its benefits encompass improved learning outcomes, increased motivation, self-reflection, effective communication, accurate assessments, and the cultivation of a lifelong learning mindset.