25/09/2026
โญ๏ธ Sแดแดแดแดสส แด๊ฐ แดสแด Dแดแดกษด Oแดษชษดษชแดษด โ๐๐๐
๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐ โ ๐๐ข๐๐๐๐ โ๐๐ ๐๐ ๏ผ ๐๐๐๐ก๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๏ผ 2026
๐. ๐๐ก๐ ๐๐ฆ๐๐ซ๐ ๐๐ง๐๐ ๐จ๐ ๐๐๐๐๐
1.1 A New Institution for Global AI Governance
The World Artificial Intelligence Cooperation Organization (WAICO) was established through an agreement signed in Shanghai on July 16, 2026, by 29 countries. It is designed as an independent intergovernmental organisation headquartered in Shanghai, with the stated objective of promoting international cooperation and global AI governance so that AI develops in a beneficial, safe and fair direction. Pakistan is among its founding members.
1.2 From National Competition to International Cooperation
The initiative reflects the growing recognition that AIโs opportunities and risks cross national borders. Chinese President Xi Jinping described AI development as a โsymphony of international cooperationโ, while calling for a people-centred approach and greater participation by developing countries. For WAICO to become broadly effective, the article argues that its membership and decision-making should develop into genuinely inclusive multilateral arrangements.
๐. ๐๐ ๐๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐ฎ๐๐ฅ๐๐๐ซ ๐๐๐๐ก๐ง๐จ๐ฅ๐จ๐ ๐ฒ ๐๐ง๐๐ฅ๐จ๐ ๐ฒ
2.1 Dual-Use Technology
Like nuclear technology, AI has a dual-use character: it can generate major benefits while also creating risks. AI can improve healthcare, agriculture, education, manufacturing and scientific research, but it can also facilitate misinformation, cyberattacks, fraud, job displacement and potentially harmful autonomous decisions.
2.2 The Governance Dilemma
The central challenge is therefore not simply to restrict AI but to manage dangerous applications while ensuring equitable access to beneficial applications. The article proposes studying the experience of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), while recognising that AI is fundamentally different from nuclear technology.
๐. ๐๐ก๐ ๐๐๐๐ ๐๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ โ๐๐ญ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฌ ๐๐จ๐ซ ๐๐๐๐๐โ ๐๐ฑ๐ฉ๐๐ซ๐ข๐๐ง๐๐
3.1 Eisenhowerโs 1953 Initiative
In his โAtoms for Peaceโ address to the UN General Assembly in 1953, US President Dwight Eisenhower proposed international cooperation to ensure that nuclear technology could be used for peaceful purposes. This initiative contributed to the establishment of the IAEA in 1957.
3.2 More Than a Nuclear โPolicemanโ
The IAEA was designed not merely to prevent nuclear misuse. Its functions include peaceful applications, scientific exchange, technical cooperation, training, safety and safeguards. The agency has historically helped developing countries build expertise and institutions for peaceful nuclear applications, demonstrating the value of combining regulation with development.
๐. ๐๐๐ฌ๐ฌ๐จ๐ง ๐๐ง๐: ๐๐ข๐ฌ๐ค ๐๐๐ง๐๐ ๐๐ฆ๐๐ง๐ญ ๐๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ญ ๐๐ฎ๐ฉ๐ฉ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ ๐๐๐ฏ๐๐ฅ๐จ๐ฉ๐ฆ๐๐ง๐ญ
4.1 Avoiding a Restriction-Only Model
The article argues that AI governance should not become a system in which technologically advanced countries control AI while developing countries merely follow rules designed elsewhere. Such an arrangement could deepen the existing digital and technological divide.
4.2 Capacity Building for Developing Countries
WAICO should therefore make capacity building a central function. China has announced plans to provide developing countries with 5,000 AI training and seminar opportunities over five years and to establish international AI application cooperation centres. The broader objective should be to strengthen universities, research institutions, regulators, technical personnel and digital infrastructure in developing countries.
๐. ๐๐๐ฌ๐ฌ๐จ๐ง ๐๐ฐ๐จ: ๐๐๐ฏ๐๐ฅ๐จ๐ฉ ๐๐ง ๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐ ๐ฎ๐๐ซ๐๐ฌ ๐๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ญ๐๐ฆ
5.1 Risk-Based AI Safeguards
The article proposes an AI equivalent of safeguards that does not prevent legitimate access but identifies high-consequence capabilities and applications. A risk-based framework could classify AI capabilities, establish safety standards, require transparency and create testing and assessment procedures.
5.2 Verification and Continuous Monitoring
Advanced AI systems could be subject to independent assessment, continuous monitoring, peer review and appropriate disclosure requirements. This resembles the logic of IAEA safeguards, which are a central element of the international nuclear non-proliferation regime. However, because AI is widely distributed and largely software-based, such safeguards would have to be substantially different from nuclear verification mechanisms.
๐. ๐๐๐ฌ๐ฌ๐จ๐ง ๐๐ก๐ซ๐๐: ๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐ญ๐ฒ ๐๐ฌ ๐๐ง ๐๐ง๐ญ๐๐ซ๐ง๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐๐ฅ ๐๐ฎ๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ ๐๐จ๐จ๐
6.1 Shared Standards and Incident Reporting
AI failures can cross borders rapidly, making safety an international concern. WAICO could develop common safety principles, testing methodologies, technical standards and incident-reporting mechanisms so that countries can learn from failures and near misses.
6.2 Safety and Security Are Different
The article importantly distinguishes safety from security. Safety concerns accidents, technical failures and unintended harm, whereas security concerns deliberate misuse, attacks, manipulation and malicious exploitation. Keeping the two concepts distinct could help governments design clearer legal, technical and regulatory responses.
๐. ๐๐๐ฌ๐ฌ๐จ๐ง ๐
๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ: ๐๐ง๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐ญ๐ฎ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ ๐๐ง๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ฆ๐๐ง ๐๐๐ฉ๐๐๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ ๐๐๐ญ๐ญ๐๐ซ
7.1 Standards Require Capable Institutions
International standards are ineffective if countries lack the institutions and personnel needed to implement them. WAICO could therefore establish regional centres of excellence, laboratories, fellowships, training programmes and regulatory-capacity initiatives.
7.2 The IAEAโs Technical-Cooperation Example
The IAEA provides a useful precedent because its technical-cooperation programmes have helped developing countries build scientific and technological expertise. Since 1958, tens of thousands of scientists and engineers have participated in IAEA fellowships and scientific-visitor programmes. The lesson for AI is that governance should develop people and institutions, not merely produce regulations.
๐. ๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ญ ๐๐๐๐ฉ๐ญ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐๐ ๐๐จ๐๐๐ฅ, ๐๐จ๐ญ ๐๐จ๐ฉ๐ฒ ๐๐ญ
8.1 Fundamental Differences Between Nuclear Technology and AI
Nuclear technology depends heavily on physical materials, specialised facilities and concentrated infrastructure, whereas AI software can be copied, modified and distributed rapidly. AI is also developed by thousands of public and private actors across jurisdictions. Consequently, an IAEA-style system cannot simply be transplanted into AI governance.
8.2 Towards Balanced AI Governance
The articleโs proposed model combines development, capacity building, safety, security and international cooperation. WAICO should promote beneficial AI access while focusing regulatory attention on the most consequential risks rather than attempting to control every AI application. The broader historical lesson from the IAEA is that successful governance requires both preventing dangerous misuse and expanding legitimate benefits. The ultimate objective is to ensure that AI contributes to shared prosperity and common security rather than becoming another source of global inequality and instability.
