International Relations - IR For CSS

Emerging Global Arms Race😎

Global military expenditure increased to $2887 billion in 2025, the 11th year of consecutive rises, bringing the global military burden—military expenditure as a share of gross domestic product (GDP)—to 2.5%, its highest level since 2009.
Key facts ➡️ https://bit.ly/4mTbioZ



Map: © SIPRI; design informed by Christian Dietrich’s SIPRI Map of Multilateral Peace Operations.

Strategic Dimensions of Iran-US War😎

𝐂𝐈𝐒𝐒 𝐏𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐲 𝐁𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐟 | 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐜 𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐔.𝐒.-𝐈𝐬𝐫𝐚𝐞𝐥 𝐖𝐚𝐫 𝐨𝐧 𝐈𝐫𝐚𝐧

- This policy brief analyzes the pre-war drivers, key strategic aspirations of the actors involved, and post-war trajectories of the 2026 U.S.-Israel-Iran war. The scope of the war has engulfed the entire region and would shape new regional realities after the end of hostilities. The complex nature of regional dynamics means the future order would be shaped by enduring structural drivers and a limited number of high-impact uncertainties. The future of Middle Eastern geostrategic order after the end of the war would not converge towards a single, strategic equilibrium.

- The war was not triggered by a single incident but resulted from a convergence of several factors: collapse of nuclear diplomacy, intensifying regional rivalries, and the normalization of force as statecraft. The Strait of Hormuz emerged as a central economic and geopolitical flashpoint, while Israel’s regional military posture and Washington’s regime-change ambitions further escalated tensions. The issue of Iran’s nuclear programme underlay the U.S.-Iran tensions.

𝐑𝐞𝐚𝐝 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐅𝐮𝐥𝐥 𝐏𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐲 𝐁𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐟: https://ciss.org.pk/policy-brief-april-2026-ciss-strategic-assessment-of-u-s-israel-war-on-iran/
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