Biology concepts

Guess....Biology 1st year
Short questions,

Define Life, ,,,,, define biotechnology,..... define bioelements,,,,
Differntiate b/w micro and macro molecules.define Biome,,,
Phyletic lineage,.. diference b/w deductive and inductive reasoning,,,, define biological control.... define clone,,

Ch #2... what is heat capacity ,, structural formula of ribose and glucose,,, difference b/w mono and oligo saccrides, define amino acide and peptide bond,,,diference b/w fibrous and globular proteins,, defne conjugated molecules

Ch #3,, dfrence b/w prosthetic and coenzyme,, feed back mechanism,,,effect of substrate conc on rate orpf reaction,,
Diference b/w reversible and irreversible inhibitors,.
Difernce b/w competitive and non competitve inhibtors,,

Ch #4 work of rudolph and robert hook,,,. Magnification and resolution,, cell fractionation,, cell theory,,, diference primary and scondry wall,,,,, define cisternae and cristae,,.. difernce SER and RER,,,, dfne polysome,, difernce b4w forming and maturing face of golgi,, dfne storage disease and example,,, difernc b/w primary and secondary lysosome,,, difernce b/w chromoplasts and leukoplasts.. what is mjrien and sacculus,,,

Ch #5,,,define binomial nomenclature and its rules,,5 kingdom propsed by whittaker based on?,, work of magulis and shwrtz..
CAPSID AND capsomeres,, difernce b/w lytic and lysogenic cycle,, dfne prophage and induction,, what is reverse transcriptase,, HIV is host specific ,, how?

Ch # 6 Types of flagella,, dfrnce b/w slime and capsule,, didrnce b/w spores and cysts,,
Difernce b/w cysts and spores,,difrnce b/w photosynthesis and chemksynthesis.. difrnce b/w lag and log phase,, what are chemotherapeutic agents,, define immunization and vaccination,, economic importance of cyanobacteria,, dfine heterocysts, hormogonia and akinites,,

Ch #8,. Nuclear mitosis,,,, septate and non septate hyphae,,, what are houstoria ,, define mychorizhae and lichens,, dfne bioindicators.. adaptations of fungi,, define parasexuality.. dfne histoplasmosis and aflatoxins,,

Ch #9 alternation of generation,, bryophytes adaptations,, defne paraphysis and protonema.. anthoceropsida are advanced than other bryophytes why.?... tracheophyta features,, dfrnde micro and megaphyll,,, dfne planationa and webbing,,dfne reticulate vernation and circinate vernation,, what is capsule and annulus plus stomium,, homo and heterospory,, dfrnce b/w gymnospermae and angospermae,, what is double fertilization.
Dfrnce b/w mono and dicot.. economic importance of rosacae, fabacae and Bumbusa,,

Ch #10..difernce b/w
Radial and bilateral symmetry. Coelomate and acoelomate,
Dilplo and triploblastic animals,.. protostomes and deuterostomes.. spiral determinate and radial indeterminate..
Harmaphrodite and protanderous.cnidocytes and nematocyst. Sac like and tube like cavity.. polyp and meduasae..
Infestation and disinfestatiin,neohridia and flame cell
Polymorphism.. ecdysis or shedding,, harmful and beneficial insects,. Borrowing activity of earthworm. Dfne neohridia and flame cell ,, otia and osculm ,.. coral reefs.. adaptation parasitic mode of life,, dfne hemichordata and chor data,,. Mamals and its classes. Imporatnce of coral reef and chitin in arthropoda

1st year biology guess 2023

2nd year biology 2023
Morning shift
Objective + subjective

9 biology lahore board
Evening group

9th biology lahore board
1st group

*9th class biology guess 2023 Punjab*

*Chapter -1*

*Important Short questions*

1. Define the biology.

2. Define anatomy.

3. Define taxonomy.

4. Define genetics and biotechnology.

5. What are parasites?

6. Define farming, horticulture and agriculture.

7. Differentiate between population and community.

8. Write scientific names of crow, frog, mustard, onion

9. Define fossil.

10. difference between unicellular and multicellular organism.

*Important Long questions*

1. Write a note on Muslim scientists.

2. Describe the relationship of Biology with other sciences.

3. Give four careers in Biology.

4. Arite note on tissue, organ and organ system

*Chapter -2*

*Important Short questions*

1. Differentiate between theory and law.

2. Why quantitative observations are considered better than qualitative observations?

3. Differentiate between quantitative and qualitative observations with examples.

4. Define bioinformatics.

5. What is incubation period?

6. Define scientific method and biological method.

7. What do you mean by the biological problem?

8. Write the observations of Dr. A.F.A King about malaria.

9. Write the characteristics of a good hypothesis.

10. How we make hypothesis?

11. What is meant by deductions?

*Chapter -3*

*Important Short questions*

1. Define biodiversity.

2. Briefly describe the importance of biodiversity.

3. Write aims of classification.

4. What do you mean by binomial nomenclature?

5. Describe the relationship between taxonomy and systematics.

6. Differentiate between the terms ‘distinct’ and endangered species.

7. Differentiate between the nutrition methods in plants and fungi.

8. Why viruses are not included in any kingdom? OR What is the place of viruses in classification?

9. What is meant by deforestation?

10. How the scientist give scientific names to living organisms?

11. What are monera?

12. Write the names of five-kingdom system.

*Important Long Questions*

1. How human activities are affecting biodiversity.

2. Write the aims and rules of binomial nomenclature

3. Write the aims and rules of classification.

4. Give the importance of biodiversity.

*Chapter-4*

*Important Short questions*

1. Define cell theory. Write its principles.

2. Write the functions of leucoplasts and chromoplasts.

3. Differentiate between diffusion, facilitated diffusion and active transport.

4. What is meant by hypertonic and hypotonic solutions.

5. What is the Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex?

6. What is osmosis?

7. Differentiate between endocytosis and exocytosis.

8. Differentiate between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.

9. What are voluntary and involuntary muscles?

10. Write the name of two tissues found in Plants.

11. Write about phagocytosis and pinocytosis.

12. Write the function of plasmodesmata.

13. What is meant by diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

14. Define magnification and resultion.

*Important Long Questions*

1. Write a note on meristematic tissues in plants and muscle tissues in animals.

2. Write the structure and functions of nucleus.

3. Write the functions of cell membrane and cell wall.

4. What is the cytoskeleton? give its importance.

5. Write a note of endoplasmic reticulum, Epidermal tissues.

*Chapter-5*

*Important Short questions*

1. Define cell cycle and write the names of its major phases.

2. Differentiate between somatic cells and germline cells.

3. What is regenerations?

4. How asexual reproduction occurs in hydra?

5. Differentiate between benign and malignant tumors.

6. What is metastasis?

7. Differentiate between mitosis and meiosis.

8. What is crossing over?

9. What is disjunction and non-disjunction?

10. What are apoptotic bodies?

11. What is phragmoplast?

12. What is meant by G0 and G1 phase?

13. Define asexual reproduction with an example.

14. What is meant by cytokinesis and karyokinesis?

*Chapter-6*

*Important Short Questions*

1. What are biocatalysts?

2. What are enzymes?

3. Differentiate between substrates and products.

4. What is activation energy?

5. Define cofactors, coenzymes and prosthetic groups.

6. Write about the use of enzymes in the paper industry.

7. How enzymes are denatured?

8. In what way do enzymes reduce the activation energy?

9. Differentiate between anabolism and catabolism.

10. What is meant by optimum pH for an enzyme?

11. Write about the induced-fit model and Lock and key model of enzyme action.

*Chapter-7*

*Important Short questions*

1. Define bioenergetics.

2. What is ATP? Write names of its subunits.

3. Write the significance of anaerobic respiration.

4. Differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

5. Define cellular respiration.

6. What is electron transport chain?

7. Differentiate between alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation.

8. Compare respiration and photosynthesis.

9. What is glycolysis?

10. What is meant by light reaction and dark reaction?

11. What is the electron transport chain? how is it formed?

12. Briefly explain oxidation and reduction processes.

*Important Long questions*

1. Differentiate between light reactions and dark reactions

2. Write the role of light and chlorophyll in photosynthesis.

3. Describe the limiting factors in photosynthesis.

4. Explain the mechanism of respiration.

*Chapter-8*

*Important Short Questions*

1. Differentiate between bolus and chyme.

2. What do you mean by nutrition?

3. What are saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

4. Write the sources and function of vitamin A.

5. What are water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins?

6. Write the sources and functions of vitamin D.

7. Write functions of dietary fibre.

8. What is a balanced diet?

9. Define malnutrition. Write names of its types.

10. Write steps of digestion in human.

11. Write the functions of the oral cavity.

12. What is peristalsis?

13. What is an appendix?

14. What is anaemia?

15. Write symptoms of Ulcer.

16. Write the causes of constipation and Diarrhoea.

17. What is obesity?

18. Write name of two major kinds of fertilizers.

*Important Long questions*

1. Describe the role of liver in the digestion of food.

2. Describe the process of digestion in small intestine.

3. Describe the problems related to nutrition.

4. Write the importance of fertilizers for plants.

*Chapter -9*

*Important Short Questions*

1. Define cohesion tension theory.

2. What is meant by source and sink?

3. Write the functions of pericardial fluid.

4. Define systole and diastole.

5. What is the role of potassium ion in opening and closing of stomata?

6. What is myocardial infarction?

7. What is pulmonary and systemic circulation?

8. Who are universal donors and universal recipients.

9. What is leukaemia?

10. Write the composition of blood plasma.

11. What is transpiration?

12. What is antigen?

17. Who are called universal doners?

18. Write two differences between arteries and vains.

*Important Long questions*

1. How various factors affect the rate of transpiration?

2. Write the causes, treatment and prevention of myocardial infarction.

3. Write a note on ABO blood group system.

4. Transpiration is a necessary evil. Explain. (Significance of transpiration)

5. Structure of human heart with diagram.

6. Importance of rH factor in blood transfusion.

Cell organelles
Plasma membrane
Cell wall
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Ribosomes

1st year date sheet 2023

2nd year datesheet 2023