23/12/2025
📘 Demonstrative Pronouns in Arabic
(أسماء الإشارة)
Demonstrative pronouns are words used to point to people or things.
In Arabic, they change according to gender (masculine/feminine) and number (singular/dual/plural), and also according to distance (near or far).
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1️⃣ Demonstratives for NEAR objects
ArabicUsed forExampleEnglish
هذا (hādhā)Masculine singularهذا كتابٌThis is a book
هذه (hādhihi)Feminine singularهذه سيارةٌThis is a car
هذانِ / هذينِMasculine dualهذانِ طالبانِThese are two students
هاتانِ / هاتينِFeminine dualهاتانِ طالبتانِThese are two female students
هؤلاءِPlural (m/f)هؤلاءِ طلابٌThese are students
---
2️⃣ Demonstratives for FAR objects
ArabicUsed forExampleEnglish
ذلك (dhālika)Masculine singularذلك مسجدٌThat is a mosque
تلك (tilka)Feminine singularتلك مدرسةٌThat is a school
ذانك / ذينكMasculine dualذانك طالبانِThose two students
تانك / تينكFeminine dualتانك طالبتانِThose two female students
أولئكPlural (m/f)أولئك علماءُThose are scholars
---
3️⃣ Important Grammar Rules
✅ Rule 1: Demonstrative comes before the noun
هذا كتابٌ
👉 This is a book
---
✅ Rule 2: The noun after the demonstrative is بدل (apposition)
It follows the noun in case
Usually definite in meaning
---
✅ Rule 3: Demonstrative agrees in gender & number
هذا → masculine
هذه → feminine
هؤلاء → plural
---
4️⃣ Examples in Sentences
هذا الطالبُ مجتهدٌ
👉 This student is hardworking.
تلك المرأةُ صادقةٌ
👉 That woman is truthful.
هؤلاءِ الأطفالُ يلعبون
👉 These children are playing.
أولئك الذين آمنوا
👉 Those who believed (Qur’anic style)
---
5️⃣ Common Mistakes ❌
❌ هذا طالبة
✅ هذه طالبة
❌ ذلك امرأة
✅ تلك امرأة
---
🧠 Easy Memory Tip
ه at the beginning → near (هذا، هذه)
ك at the end → far (ذلك، تلك)
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17/12/2025
📘 Demonstrative Pronouns in Arabic
(أسماء الإشارة)
Demonstrative pronouns are words used to point to people or things.
In Arabic, they change according to gender (masculine/feminine) and number (singular/dual/plural), and also according to distance (near or far).
---
1️⃣ Demonstratives for NEAR objects
ArabicUsed forExampleEnglish
هذا (hādhā)Masculine singularهذا كتابٌThis is a book
هذه (hādhihi)Feminine singularهذه سيارةٌThis is a car
هذانِ / هذينِMasculine dualهذانِ طالبانِThese are two students
هاتانِ / هاتينِFeminine dualهاتانِ طالبتانِThese are two female students
هؤلاءِPlural (m/f)هؤلاءِ طلابٌThese are students
---
2️⃣ Demonstratives for FAR objects
ArabicUsed forExampleEnglish
ذلك (dhālika)Masculine singularذلك مسجدٌThat is a mosque
تلك (tilka)Feminine singularتلك مدرسةٌThat is a school
ذانك / ذينكMasculine dualذانك طالبانِThose two students
تانك / تينكFeminine dualتانك طالبتانِThose two female students
أولئكPlural (m/f)أولئك علماءُThose are scholars
---
3️⃣ Important Grammar Rules
✅ Rule 1: Demonstrative comes before the noun
هذا كتابٌ
👉 This is a book
---
✅ Rule 2: The noun after the demonstrative is بدل (apposition)
It follows the noun in case
Usually definite in meaning
---
✅ Rule 3: Demonstrative agrees in gender & number
هذا → masculine
هذه → feminine
هؤلاء → plural
---
4️⃣ Examples in Sentences
هذا الطالبُ مجتهدٌ
👉 This student is hardworking.
تلك المرأةُ صادقةٌ
👉 That woman is truthful.
هؤلاءِ الأطفالُ يلعبون
👉 These children are playing.
أولئك الذين آمنوا
👉 Those who believed (Qur’anic style)
---
5️⃣ Common Mistakes ❌
❌ هذا طالبة
✅ هذه طالبة
❌ ذلك امرأة
✅ تلك امرأة
---
🧠 Easy Memory Tip
ه at the beginning → near (هذا، هذه)
ك at the end → far (ذلك، تلك)
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16/12/2025
Arabic Relative Pronouns (الأسماء الموصولة)
Arabic relative pronouns are words used to connect a noun with a descriptive clause (relative clause). They function like “who, which, that” in English.
1. List of Arabic Relative Pronouns
🔹 Singular
الذي → who / which / that (masculine singular)
التي → who / which / that (feminine singular)
🔹 Dual
اللذانِ / اللذينِ → who / which (masculine dual)
اللذانِ (nominative)
اللذينِ (accusative & genitive)
اللتانِ / اللتينِ → who / which (feminine dual)
اللتانِ (nominative)
اللتينِ (accusative & genitive)
🔹 Plural
الذين → who / which (masculine plural)
اللاتي / اللائي / اللواتي → who / which (feminine plural)
2. Common Relative Pronouns (General)
مَن → who / whoever (for people)
ما → what / whatever (for things)
أيّ → whichever / whoever (used with an added noun)
3. Examples with English Translation
1. جاءَ الطالِبُ الذي نجَحَ
> The student who passed came.
2. هذهِ البنتُ التي تدرُسُ العربية
> This is the girl who studies Arabic.
3. الطلابُ الذين حضروا
> The students who attended
4. أُحِبُّ مَن يَتَّقي الله
> I love whoever fears Allah.
5. أفهمُ ما تقول
> I understand what you say.
4. Grammar Rules (Very Important)
✅ Rule 1: Agreement
The relative pronoun must match the noun in:
Gender (masculine/feminine)
Number (singular/dual/plural)
✅ Rule 2: Relative Clause (صلة الموصول)
It must be a complete sentence
It must contain a returning pronoun (ضمير عائد) referring back to the relative pronoun
Example:
الكتابُ الذي قرأتُهُ
“ـهُ” refers back to الذي
5. Can “who / which / that” be translated the same way?
👉 Yes, in Arabic:
الذي / التي / الذين can all mean
who / which / that, depending on context.
Example:
الرجلُ الذي جاءَ
> The man who / that came.
Arabic uses one correct form, while English has multiple choices.
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25/09/2025
🌱 Arabic Past Tense (الفعل الماضي)
Let’s see how it was used.
✏️ Third person (الغائب)
Singular masculine (he):
ذَهَبَ — dhahaba → He went
Dual masculine (two males):
ذَهَبَا — dhahabā → They two went
Plural masculine:
ذَهَبُوا — dhahabū → They (males) went
---
Singular feminine (she):
ذَهَبَتْ — dhahabat → She went
Dual feminine (two females):
ذَهَبَتَا — dhahabatā → They two (females) went
Plural feminine:
ذَهَبْنَ — dhahabna → They (females) went
---
🗣️ Second person (المخاطَب)
Singular masculine (you):
ذَهَبْتَ — dhahabta → You (male) went
Dual (male or female):
ذَهَبْتُمَا — dhahabtumā → You two went
Plural masculine:
ذَهَبْتُمْ — dhahabtum → You (group of males) went
---
Singular feminine (you):
ذَهَبْتِ — dhahabti → You (female) went
Plural feminine:
ذَهَبْتُنَّ — dhahabtunna → You (group of females) went
---
🙋♂️ First person (المتكلم)
Singular (I):
ذَهَبْتُ — dhahabtu → I went
Plural (we):
ذَهَبْنَا — dhahabnā → We went
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⏳ Past meaning
In Arabic, الماضي shows:
What already happened in the past.
For example:
ذَهَبْتُ إلى المدرسة — dhahabtu ilā al-madrasa → I went to school
---
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14/08/2025
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03/07/2025
🌱 Arabic Present Tense (الفعل المضارع)
Let’s see how it is used.
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✏️ Third person (الغائب)
Singular masculine (he):
يذهبُ — yadhhabu → He goes / He is going
Dual masculine (two males):
يذهبانِ — yadhhabāni → They two go
Plural masculine:
يذهبونَ — yadhhabūna → They (males) go
---
Singular feminine (she):
تذهبُ — tadhhabu → She goes / She is going
Dual feminine (two females):
تذهبانِ — tadhhabāni → They two (females) go
Plural feminine:
يذهبنَ — yadhhabna → They (females) go
---
🗣️ Second person (المخاطَب)
Singular masculine (you):
تذهبُ — tadhhabu → You (male) go / You are going
Dual (male or female):
تذهبانِ — tadhhabāni → You two go
Plural masculine:
تذهبونَ — tadhhabūna → You (group of males) go
---
Singular feminine (you):
تذهبينَ — tadhhabīna → You (female) go / You are going
Plural feminine:
تذهبنَ — tadhhabna → You (group of females) go
---
🙋♂️ First person (المتكلم)
Singular (I):
أذهبُ — 'adhhabu → I go / I am going
Plural (we):
نذهبُ — nadhhabu → We go / We are going
---
⏳ Present and future meanings
In Arabic, المضارع can show:
What is happening now
What will happen (future), when we add س (sa-) or سوف (sawfa) before it
For example:
أذهبُ إلى المدرسة — 'adhhabu ilā al-madrasa → I go / I am going to school
سأذهبُ إلى المدرسة — sa-'adhhabu ilā al-madrasa → I will go to school (soon)
سوف أذهبُ إلى المدرسة — sawfa 'adhhabu ilā al-madrasa → I will go to school (later)
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📌 Difference between س (sa-) and سوف (sawfa)
س (sa-) is a short prefix added directly to the verb: سأذهبُ (sa-'adhhabu)
→ Means the action will happen soon; common in everyday speech.
سوف (sawfa) is a separate word before the verb: سوف أذهبُ (sawfa 'adhhabu)
→ Means the action will happen later; sounds more formal or literary.
Both are correct; the difference is mostly about style and how near or far the future feels.
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26/06/2025
🌟 Certificate of Achievement 🌟
We are pleased to announce that Mrs. Yu Thinzar Maw has successfully completed the A1 Level Arabic Language Course at Syam Arabic Institute.
As a dedicated and committed learner, she showed excellent progress and genuine passion for the Arabic language throughout the course. We admire her consistency and determination, especially while balancing her personal responsibilities.
Congratulations to her on this admirable achievement! 🎉
May her journey of knowledge and growth continue with success.
18/06/2025
in Arabic Grammar
“أدوات الاستفهام” are words used to ask questions in Arabic. They are similar to question words in English such as: what, who, where, when, how, etc.
They are mainly of two types:
1. Nouns (أسماء استفهام) — These have a grammatical position in the sentence and can be subjects, objects, prepositional objects, etc.
2. Particles (حروف استفهام) — These are indeclinable and are used to form yes/no questions or indicate cause.
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✅ Explanation of Each Interrogative Word with Examples and Translation
1. ما (What)
Used to ask about non-human things or abstract ideas.
Example:
ما اسمك؟
What is your name?
(“ما” here is in the position of the subject complement)
ما تأكل؟
What are you eating?
(“ما” here is the object of the verb)
---
2. ماذا (What)
Also means "what" but is commonly used before verbs.
Example:
ماذا تفعل؟
What are you doing?
(“ماذا” acts as a direct object)
---
3. من (Who / Whom)
Used to ask about people. It can act as subject, object, or prepositional object.
Examples:
من هذا؟
Who is this? (Subject)
من قابلت؟
Whom did you meet? (Object)
مع من تتكلم؟
With whom are you speaking? (Prepositional object)
---
4. متى (When)
Used to ask about time. It functions as an adverb of time (ظرف زمان).
Example:
متى تسافر؟
When are you traveling?
---
5. أين (Where)
Used to ask about place. It acts as an adverb of place (ظرف مكان).
Example:
أين تسكن؟
Where do you live?
---
6. كيف (How)
Used to ask about the manner or condition of something. It acts as حَال (circumstantial accusative).
Example:
كيف حالك؟
How are you?
كيف وصلت؟
How did you arrive?
---
7. كم (How much / How many)
Used to ask about quantity or number. It often requires a “تمييز” (specifying noun) after it.
Example:
كم كتابًا قرأت؟
How many books did you read?
(“كتابًا” is the تمييز)
---
8. لماذا (Why)
Used to ask about reason or cause. It is a particle (حرف) made from "لـِ (for)" + "ماذا (what)".
Example:
لماذا تأخرت؟
Why were you late?
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9. هل
Used to form yes/no questions. It is a particle (حرف استفهام) and has no grammatical role in the sentence.
Example:
هل ذهبت إلى المدرسة؟
Did you go to school?
هل تحب القهوة؟
Do you like coffee?
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10. أيّ (Which)
Used to ask for selection or choice from known options. It is a declinable noun and must be followed by another noun. Its grammatical role changes based on its position in the sentence.
Examples:
أيُّ كتابٍ قرأت؟
Which book did you read?
("أيّ" here is the object of the verb)
أيُّ طالبٍ نجح؟
Which student succeeded?
("أيّ" here is the subject)
---
⚠️ Important Notes (in English):
1. Most interrogative tools (like ما، من، متى، أين) are indeclinable (مبنية)—their form does not change regardless of their position in the sentence.
2. The interrogative word أيّ is declinable (معربة), meaning it can change according to its grammatical position (nominative, accusative, genitive).
3. Interrogative words can function as:
Subjects (e.g., من حضر؟ – Who came?)
Objects (e.g., ماذا قرأت؟ – What did you read?)
Adverbs of time or place (e.g., متى؟، أين؟ – When? Where?)
Circumstantial adverbs (حال) (e.g., كيف؟ – How?)
4. Some interrogatives require special sentence structures:
"كم" is followed by a tamyeez (specifying noun).
"لماذا" is not a noun, but a combination of a preposition and an interrogative noun.
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01/05/2025
Learn Arabic and Understand Islam Better
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07/04/2025
In Arabic, when two nouns are used to show possession or connection (like “the student’s book” or “the door of the house”), we use a structure called iḍāfah.
The first noun is called Muḍāf (المُضاف)
The second noun is called Muḍāf Ilayh (المُضاف إليه)
---
Main Rules:
1. Muḍāf:
Must not have al (ال)
Must not have tanwīn (double fathah/ zabar, double kasarh/zeer, double dhamah/ peesh ً- ٍ- ٌ-)
2. Muḍāf Ilayh:
Must always be majrūr (genitive case ِـٍ ـ with kasrah/zair)
Can be definite, indefinite, visible noun, or a pronoun
---
Examples:
1. كِتَابُ الْمُعَلِّمِ — The teacher’s book
2. بَابُ الْبَيْتِ — The door of the house
3. قَلَمُ طَالِبٍ — A student’s pen
---
10 More Examples (correct and incorrect by reasons):
1. الكتابُ محمدٍ — ✕
→ Error: Muḍāf has “ال”, which is not allowed
2. كتابٌ محمدٍ — ✕
→ Error: Muḍāf has tanwīn, which breaks the rule
3. كتابٍ محمدٍ — ✕
→ Error: Muḍāf has tanwīn, which breaks the rule
4. كتابُ محمدٍ — ✓
→ Perfect iḍāfah: Muḍāf has no al/tanwīn, Muḍāf Ilayh is majrūr
5. كتابًا محمدٍ — ✕
→ Error: Muḍāf has tanwīn, which breaks the rule
6. كتابُ محمدًا — ✕
→ Error: Muḍāf Ilayh is in nasb (محمدًا), should be majrūr
7. كتابَ محمدٍ — ✓
→ Perfect iḍāfah: Muḍāf has no al/tanwīn, Muḍāf Ilayh is majrūr
8. كتابٌ محمدٌ — ✕
→ Error: Mudaf has tanwīn, Muḍāf Ilayh is not majrūr
9. كتابِ محمدٍ — ✓
→ Correct if the iḍāfah is preceded by a ḥarf jarr (like في كتابِ محمدٍ = in Muhammad’s book)
10. كتابُ الطالبِ — ✓
→ Classic iḍāfah: "The student’s book"
---
Summary: To form a correct Muḍāf – Muḍāf Ilayh:
Muḍāf: No “al”, no tanwīn
Muḍāf Ilayh: Always majrūr
Structure = Muḍāf + Muḍāf Ilayh
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18/12/2024
عَلَى وَشْكِ is an Arabic expression that mea "about to."
Word-by-word meaning:
1. عَلَى
Preposition meaning "on" or "at."
Example: عَلَى المَائِدَةِ (on the table).
2. وَشْكِ
A noun meaning "verge" or "brink." It often refers to something about to happen soon.
Example: عَلَى وَشْكِ الوُقُوعِ (about to happen).
Grammar:
وَشْك is in the genitive case (مَجْرُور) because it follows the preposition عَلَى.
---
Sentences with translation:
1. عَلَى وَشْكِ الوُصُولِ.
(‘Alaa washki al-wuṣūli.)
Translation: About to arrive.
2. هُوَ عَلَى وَشْكِ النَّجَاحِ.
(Huwa ‘ala washki an-najāḥi.)
Translation: He is about to succeed.
3. كَانَتْ عَلَى وَشْكِ البُكَاءِ.
(Kānat ‘ala washki al-bukā’i.)
Translation: She was about to cry.
4. الطِّفْلُ عَلَى وَشْكِ النَّوْمِ.
(Aṭ-ṭiflu ‘ala washki an-nawmi.)
Translation: The child is about to sleep.
5. أَنَا عَلَى وَشْكِ الوُصُولِ إِلَى المَنزِلِ.
(Ana ‘ala washki al-wuṣūli ilā al-manzili.)
Translation: I am about to reach home.
6. هُم عَلَى وَشْكِ اتِّخَاذِ قَرَارٍ.
(Hum ‘ala washki ittikhāthi qarārin.)
Translation: They are about to make a decision.
7. الطَّائِرَةُ عَلَى وَشْكِ الإِقْلَاعِ.
(Aṭ-ṭā’iratu ‘ala washki al-iqlā‘i.)
Translation: The plane is about to take off.
8. الطَّقْسُ عَلَى وَشْكِ التَّغَيُّرِ.
(Aṭ-ṭaqsu ‘ala washki at-taghayyuri.)
Translation: The weather is about to change.
9. هِيَ عَلَى وَشْكِ الوَصْلِ.
(Hiya ‘ala washki al-waṣli.)
Translation: She is about to arrive.
10. نَحْنُ عَلَى وَشْكِ السَّفَرِ.
(Naḥnu ‘ala washki as-safari.)
Translation: We are about to travel.
11. العَالِمُ عَلَى وَشْكِ اكْتِشَافِ حَلٍّ.
(Al-‘ālimu ‘ala washki iktishāfi ḥallin.)
Translation: The scientist is about to discover a solution.
12. الفِيلْمُ عَلَى وَشْكِ البِدَايَةِ.
(Al-filmu ‘ala washki al-bidāyati.)
Translation: The movie is about to start.
13. السَّاعَةُ عَلَى وَشْكِ التَّوَقُّفِ.
(As-sā‘atu ‘ala washki at-tawaqqufi.)
Translation: The clock is about to stop.
14. هِيَ عَلَى وَشْكِ الحَمْلِ.
(Hiya ‘ala washki al-ḥamli.)
Translation: She is about to be pregnant.
15. المُعَلِّمُ عَلَى وَشْكِ الشَّرْحِ.
(Al-mu‘allimu ‘ala washki ash-sharḥi.)
Translation: The teacher is about to explain.
16. المَرْكَزُ عَلَى وَشْكِ الإِنْهَاءِ.
(Al-markazu ‘ala washki al-inhā’i.)
Translation: The center is about to finish.
17. عَلَى وَشْكِ الفَرَاغِ.
(‘Ala washki al-farāghi.)
Translation: About to be completed.
18. الطُّلاَّبُ عَلَى وَشْكِ الدُّخُولِ إِلَى الصَّفِّ.
(Aṭ-ṭullābu ‘ala washki ad-dukhūli ilā aṣ-ṣaffi.)
Translation: The students are about to enter the classroom.
19. المُدِيرُ عَلَى وَشْكِ طَرْحِ السُّؤَالِ.
(Al-mudīru ‘ala washki ṭarḥi as-su’āli.)
Translation: The manager is about to ask a question.
20. السَّفِينَةُ عَلَى وَشْكِ الرُّسُوِّ.
(As-safīnatu ‘ala washki ar-rusūi.)
Translation: The ship is about to dock.
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Summary:
عَلَى وَشْكِ means "about to" and is used to describe imminent actions or states.
It works with nouns, verbal phrases, and participles to emphasize something that is near occurrence.
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