Css aspirant

*جب عثمانی سلطنت توڑتے توڑتے روس گرم پانیوں تک پہنچا*
وقار مصطفیٰ
صحافی و محقق، لاہور
15 اپريل 2022

*بحیرہ اسود یا بلیک سی روس کے لیے بہت اہم ہے کیونکہ یہ ترکی کے اندرونی پانیوں آبنائے باسفورس اور ڈارڈینیلز کے ذریعے بحیرہ مارمارا، بحیرہ روم اور بحر اوقیانوس کو تجارتی راستے فراہم کرتا ہے۔*

روس دنیا میں اناج برآمد کرنے والا سب سے بڑا ملک ہے اور یہ بحیرہ اسود کے گرم پانیوں پر واقع بندرگاہوں ہی کے ذریعے ممکن ہوتا ہے کہ روس سارا سال دنیا بھر میں کہیں بھی اپنا سامان بھیجنے کے قابل ہوتا ہے۔

روس اور یوکرین ترکی کے سمندری ہمسائے ہیں جو اسے اناج فراہم کرتے ہیں جبکہ توانائی کی ضروریات پوری کرنے کے لیے ترکی کا روس پر ہی دارومدار ہے۔

بحیرہ اسود کو روسی ’چرنوئے مور‘ پکارتے ہیں اور ترک اسے ’کارادینیز‘ کہتے ہیں۔ نام کا اختلاف تو اپنی جگہ مگر بحیرہ اسود کی سٹریٹیجک (تزویراتی) اور معاشی اہمیت پر دونوں میں کوئی اختلاف نہیں۔ سال بھر تجارت کے امکان کے باعث، بحیرہ اسود کی بندرگاہوں پر تسلط کی جدوجہد ان دونوں ممالک میں صدیوں سے جاری ہے۔

17ویں سے 19ویں صدی تک بحیرہ اسود کے گرم پانی روسی اور ترک (عثمانی سطنت) کے درمیان جنگوں کا باعث رہا ہے۔ اس دورانیے میں روسی اور ترک سلطنتوں کے درمیان دشمنی قفقاز، کریمیا اور جزیرہ نما بلقان تک پھیلی ہوئی تھی، جس نے بحیرہ اسود کے طاس میں ان ممالک کے فوجی اور اقتصادی مفادات کو اجاگر کیا۔

ابتدائی روس، ترک جنگیں زیادہ تر روس کی طرف سے بحیرہ اسود پر گرم پانی کی بندرگاہ قائم کرنے کی کوششوں سے شروع ہوئیں۔

دانشور اور تقابلی مؤرخ ایڈریان برسکو کا کہنا ہے کہ روسی ایمپائر اور سلطنت عثمانیہ کے درمیان چار صدیوں پر محیط لڑائیاں پیچیدہ تعلقات کی طرف اشارہ کرتی ہیں۔

’علاقائی اور تجارتی تنازعات اور جنگوں سے جنم لیتے اِن تعلقات کو سفارتی چپقلش اور کبھی کبھار فوجی اتحاد کے ذریعے برقرار رکھا گیا۔ 16ویں صدی کے آغاز میں سلطان بایزید دوم کے دور حکومت میں دوستانہ طور پر شروع ہونے والے یہ تعلقات روسی ایمپائر کی جانب عثمانیوں کے ابتدائی اور طویل تسلط کو ظاہر کرتے ہیں، جو 16ویں صدی کے اوائل سے 18ویں صدی کے آخر تک جاری رہا۔‘

روسی زار آئیوان دی ٹیریبل نے ’کازان‘ اور ’استراخان‘ فتح کیا تو عثمانی سلطان سلیم دوم نے سنہ 1569 میں استراخان میں ایک فوجی مہم بھیج کر روسیوں کو نچلے

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اے اللہ کے رسُول! میرے حال کو دیکھۂے
اے اللہ کے پیارے میری التجا کو سنۂے
میں غموں کے دریا میں غرق ہو رہا ہوں
میرا ہاتھ پکڑ کر میری مُشکلیں آساں فرما دیجۂے

*mcqs class aves 🦅🐓🐓*

1 All of the following are characteristics of members of the class Aves except one. Select the exception.


A) ectothermy🐓


B) vertebral column modified for flight


C) bones lightened by numerous air spaces


D) feathers



2 Fossils of this ancient bird indicate that slow, hovering, and highly maneuverable flight evolved at least 115 million years ago.


A) Archaeopteryx


B) Sinoris


C) Eoalulavis🐓


D) Sterna



3 150 million year old fossils of this ancient bird have been found in Germany. They show a clavicle for the attachment of wing muscles, but other sites for flight muscle attachment were less developed. These observations indicate that this bird was capable of gliding, but not long distance, flight.


A) Archaeopteryx🐓


B) Sinoris


C) Eoalulavis


D) Sterna



4 Feathers develop from the ______ of the skin.


A) epidermis🐓


B) dermis


C) hypodermis


D) basement membrane



5 Feathers of a bird that cover the body, wings, and tail are called ______ feathers.


A) plumulaceous


B) down


C) pennaceous🐓


D) dermal



6 Feathers of a bird that have insulating functions are called ______ feathers.


A) down🐓


B) pennaceous


C) contour


D) ermal



7 Hamuli branch from the ______ of a contour feather and keep these feathers firm and smooth.


A) quill


B) shaft


C) barbs


D) barbules🐓



8 The fusion of posterior thoracic, lumbar, and sacral vertebrae into a ______ helps a bird maintain proper flight posture.


A) pygostyle


B) uncinate process


C) synsacrum🐓


D) furcula



9 The fusion of posterior caudal vertebrae into a ______ supports tail feathers that are important in steering during flight.


A) pygostyle🐓


B) uncinate process


C) synsacrum


D) furcula



10 The alula is a group of small feathers on the wing that


A) helps decrease the angle of attack of the wing.


B) is elevated during fast flapping flight.

*mcqs support and movement⛹️⛹️*

1 The integument of most multicellular invertebrates consists of a


A) multilayer of cells.


B) layer called the skin.


C) complex of a variety of chemicals, fibers, cellulose, or chitin⛹️.


D) single layer of cells.



2 Animals have three types of skeletons. Which of the following is not one of the three types?


A) fluid hydrostatic


B) rigid exoskeleton


C) fluid exoskeleton⛹️


D) rigid endoskeleton



3 The supportive tissue in the vertebrate skeleton consists of


A) cartilage.


B) bone.


C) muscle.


D) both a and b.⛹️



4 The outer protein coat of many protozoans is called the


A) tegument.


B) pellicle.⛹️


C) epidermis.


D) dermis.



5 The outer layer of flukes and tapeworms is the


A) tegument.⛹️


B) pellicle.


C) epidermis.


D) shell.



6 __________ is the vertebrate integument.


A) Dermis


B) Epidermis


C) Skin⛹️


D) Hypodermis



7 Where would you find skin that is multilayered and contains mucous and sensory cells, and placoid scales called denticles?


A) In the skin of body fishes.


B) In the skin of cartilaginous fishes.⛹️


C) In the skin of jawless fishes.


D) In the skin of birds.



8 The notable features of mammalian skin are


A) hair.


B) a greater variety of epidermal glands than in any other vertebrate class.


C) a highly stratified, cornified epidermis.


D) all of the above (a-c).⛹️



9 Modifications of the epidermis include


A) nails.


B) hair.


C) horns.


D) all of the above (a-c).⛹️



10 What type of skeleton would you find in earthworms and sea anemones?


A) fluid hydrostatic⛹️


B) rigid exoskeleton


C) rigid endoskeleton


D) all of the above (a-c)



11 What type of skeleton would you find in an arthropod?


A) fluid hydrostatic


B) rigid exoskeleton⛹️


C) rigid endoskeleton


D) all of the above (a-c)



12 Cartilage is a major supportive tissue. It makes up the m

*mcqs homeostasis🌡️🌡️*

1 __________ is the loss of heat from a surface as water molecules escape in the form of a gas.


A) Conduction


B) Convection


C) Evaporation🌡️


D) Radiation



2 Animals cope with temperature fluctuations by


A) occupying a place in the environment where the temperature remains constant and compatible with their physiological processes.


B) adapting their physiological processes to the range of temperatures in which the animals are capable of living.


C) generating heat and trapping heat internally to maintain a constant body temperature despite fluctuations in the external environment temperature.


D) all of the above (a-c).🌡️



3 In general, reptiles, fishes, and amphibians are


A) endotherms.


B) ectotherms.🌡️


C) homeotherms.


D) all of the above (a-c).



4 At night, hummingbirds enter a sleep-like state called


A) estivation.


B) hibernation.


C) daily torpor.🌡️


D) sleep depravation.



5 In order to lose heat, birds


A) pant.


B) utilize gular flutter.


C) sleep.


D) both a and b.🌡️



6 The hormonal triggering of heat production is called


A) nonshivering thermogenesis.🌡️


B) shivering thermogenesis.


C) gular flutter.


D) panting.



7 A specialized type of fat found in newborn mammals, in mammals that live in cold climates, and in mammals that hibernate, is called __________ fat.


A) red


B) brown🌡️


C) yellow


D) green



8 Badgers, bears, and opossums __________ during winter months in cold climates.


A) hibernate


B) estivate


C) enter prolonged sleep🌡️


D) enter torpor



9 If the osmotic concentration of the body fluids of an animal equals that of the medium in which an animal is living, the animals are termed an


A) osmoregulator.


B) osmoconformer.🌡️


C) osmotolerant.


D) osmoresistant.



10 Contractile vacuoles are found in


A) protozoa and sponges.🌡️


B) metazoan invertebrates.


C) ve

*General Knowledge*

*ICJ*

International Court of Justice
Formation: 26thJune, 1945
Headquarters: The Hague, Netherlands
Judges: 15-Term 9 years

*IMF*

International Monetary Fund
Formation: 27thDec, 1945
Headquarters: Washington DC
Manager Director: KristalinaGeorgieva
Member Countries: 189

*ADB*

The Asian Development Bank
Formation: 19thDecember, 1966
Headquarters: Mandaluyong, Philippines
President: MasatsuguAsakawa

*WHO*

World Health Organization
Formation: 7thApril, 1948
Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
President: TedrosAdhanom
Member Countries: 68

*WB*

World Bank Formation: 1944
Headquarters: Washington DC
President: Davis Malpass
Member Countries: 189

*UNO*

United Nations Organization
Formation: 24thOct, 1945
Headquarters: New York, San Francisco
Secretary General: Antonio Guterres

*NASA*

The National Aeronautics & Space Administration.
Formation: 29thJuly, 1958
Headquarters: Washington DC
Founder: Dwight D. Eisenhower.

*SCO*

Shanghai Cooperation Organization
Formation: 26thApril, 1996
Headquarters: Beijing, China
Secretary General: VladmirNorov
Members: 8 (Pakistan Joined on 9thJune, 2017

*OIC*

Organization of Islamic Cooperation
Formation: Sept 25, 1969
Headquarters: Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Members: 57

*SAARC*

The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
Formation: 8thDecember, 1985
Headquarters: Kathmandu, Nepal
Member Countries: 8

*ICC*

The International Cricket Council
Formation: 15thJune, 1909
Headquarters: Dubai, UAE
Chairman: ShashankManohar

*FIFA*

The Federation Internationalede Football Association
Formation: 21th May, 1909 in France, Paris
Headquarters: Zurich, Switzerland.
President: Gianni Infantino

*ASEAN*

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations
Formation: 8thAugust, 1967
Headquarters: Jakarta, Indonesia
Members: 10

*IAEA*

International Atomic Energy Agency
Formation: July 29th, 1957
Headquarters: Vienna, Austria
Head: Rafael Grossi
Members:171

*TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL*

Transpar

ﺍﺳﻼﻡ ﮐﮯ ﻏﺰﻭﺍﺕ*. 🌹🌹🌹

• First Ghazwa is Widdan or Abwa in 1 A.H ﺍﺑﻮﺍ

• 624 Battle of Badr.2hij ﺑﺪﺭ

• 625 Battle of Uhad. 3hij ﺍﺣﺪ

• 626 Battle of Rajih.4hij ﺭﺍﺟﯿﺢ

• 627 Battle of Khandaq (Ahzab).5hij ﺧﻨﺪﻕ ،ﺍﺣﺰﺍﺏ

• 628 , Treaty of Hudaibiya, Hazrat Khalid bin Walid Accepted Islam, ﺻﻠﺢ ﺣﺪﯾﺒﯿﮧ

Conquest of Khyber.7hij ﻓﺘﺢ ﺧﯿﺒﺮ

• 629 , Battle of Mutah, Preaching of Islam to various kings.7hij ﻣﻮﺗﮧ

• 630 , Battle of Hunain,

Conquest of Makkah.8hij ، ﻓﺘﺢ ﻣﮑﮧ ،ﺣﻨﯿﻦ

• 631 , Battle of Tabuk. 9hij ﺗﺒﻮﮎ

• 632 , Hajjat-ul-Wida.10hij ﺧﻄﺒﮧ ﺣﺠۃ ﺍﻟﻮﺩﺍﻉ

• 680 , Tragedy of Karballah.61hij ﻭﺍﻗﻌﮧ ﮐﺮﺑﻼ

• Battle of Bard was fought on 17th Ramzan.

• Battle of Uhd was fought on 5th Shawal.

• Battle Badar Ghazwa is named as
Furqan. ﺑﺪﺭ ﮐﻮ ﯾﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺎﻥ ﮐﮩﺎ ﺟﺎﺗﺎ ﮨﮯ

• Uhd is a hill. ﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﯾﮏ ﭘﮩﺎﮌ ﮨﮯ

• Yom-ul Furaqn is called to Yom ul Badar.

• Fath Mobeen is called to Sulah Hudaibiah. ﺻﻠﺢ ﺣﺪﯾﺒﯿﮧ ﮐﻮ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻣﺒﯿﻦ ﮐﮩﺎ ﺟﺎﺗﺎ ﮦ

• Number of soldiers in Badar, Muslim 313 Kufar 1000

• After Badr conquest, Prophet stayed for 3 days there.

• Badr was fought for 3 times.

• Martyr of Badr Muslims 14 Kufar 70

• Leader of the Kufar in this battle was Abu Jahl.

• Number of Muslim martyrs in the battle of Uhad 70

• In Uhad quraish were laid by Abu Sufwan.

• In Uhad number of Muslim soldiers 1000 kufar 3000.

• Ahzab means Allies.

• Ditch dug on border of Syria with help of 3000 companions in 2 weeks.

• Muslim strength 1600.

• Khyber was captured in 20 days.

• During Ghazwa Bani Nuzair wine was prohibited.

• The battle of Khandaq is also known an battle of Ahzab.

• Conquest of Makkah was took place on 20 Ramzan.

• Battle in which prophet not participated is known as Saria.

• Hazrat Hamza was the first commander of Islamic Army.

• In Uhd battle Muslim women participated firstly.

• Battle of Mauta was the first non Arab War.

• 3000 was the number of musims at the battle of Ditch.

• 10,000 at the conquest of Makkah.

• 30,000 at the time of Tabuk.

• Last Ghazwa-

Islamic studies

ZulfiQar was the Sword of _________ ?

A. Khalid bin Waleed
B. Hazrat Ali (A.S)
C. Abu Ubaidah (R.A)
D. Amr bin Al-Aas (R.A)

Correct Answer: B

2: Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) sent his messengers to the kings beyond Arabia calling them to Islam. In order to authenticate the credentials of his messengers, a __________ seal was made.

A. Golden
B. Silver
C. Metallic
D. Wooden

Correct Answer: B

3: In the Battle of Uhud, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) selected __________ skillful archers to stay on a mountain (side)?

A. 20
B. 30
C. 40
D. 50

Correct Answer: D

4: What was the relation between Prophet Moosa (A.S) and Prophet Haroon (A.S)?

A. Prophet Moosa (A.S) was father of Prophet Haroon (A.S)
B. Prophet Haroon (A.S) was father of Prophet Moosa (A.S)
C. Brothers
D. Cousins

Correct Answer: C

5: Baitul Mamoor is on___________ Heaven?

A. 3rd
B. 4th
C. 6th
D. 7th

Correct Answer: D

6:Mosque of ________ was demolished by prophet?

A. Quba
B. Harmain
C. Nabavi
D. Zarar

Correct Answer: D

7: Hazrat ____________ conquered the fort of Qamus.

A. Ali
B. Abu Bakar
C. Umar
D. Usman

Correct Answer: A

8: Lady named ___________ tried to poison the Holy Prophet ?

A. Ayesha
B. Razia
C. Zainab
D. Fatima

Correct Answer: C

9: Prophet recited ____________ at the conquest of Makkah.

A. surah Al-Fatha
B. Surah Al-Kausar
C. Surah Al-Anfal
D. Surah Al-Ankaboot

Correct Answer: A

10: Second migration to Habshah took place in__________ ?

A. 613 A.D
B. 614 A.D
C. 615 A.D
D. 616 A.D

Correct Answer: D

World affairs

1: USA 1st Foreign Minister Madeleine Albright died on:

A. March 22, 2022
B. March 23, 2022
C. March 24, 2022
D. March 25, 2022

Correct Answer: B. March 23, 2022

2:Which country’s plane has crashed and killing at least 132 passengers on 21 march 2022?

A. Bangladesh
B. Pakistan
C. China
D. India

Correct Answer: C. China

3:Author and academic Sara Suleri Goodyear died on:

A. March 21, 2022
B. March 22, 2022
C. March 23, 2022
D. March 24, 2022

Correct Answer: A. March 21, 2022

4: Islamic Development Bank (IsDB) on March 21, 2022 approves $____ million for Mohmand Dam.

A. $140 million
B. $160 million
C. $180 million
D. $200 million

Correct Answer: C. $180 million

5:When US State Department said that a prosperous and democratic Pakistan was critical to US interests?

A. March 21, 2022
B. March 22, 2022
C. March 23, 2022
D. None of these

Correct Answer: A. March 21, 2022

6:International maritime defense fair 2022 started in which gulf country?

A. Bahrain
B. Kuwait
C. Oman
D. Qatar

Correct Answer: D. Qatar

7:Which country has been named as the world`s happiest country in World Happiness Index 2022?

A. Finland
B. Denmark
C. Switzerland
D. Iceland

Correct Answer: A. Finland

8:‘Kinzhal’ is the name of the hypersonic ballistic missile of which country?

A. Ukraine
B. Russia
C. USA
D. North Korea

Correct Answer: B. Russia

9:Which city is the host of the International Geological Congress (IGC) session of 2022?

A. New Delhi
B. Mumbai
C. Tokyo
D. Beijing

Correct Answer: A. New Delhi

10:‘Artemis 1’ is the flagship program of which space agency?

A. ISRO
B. NASA
C. ESA
D. JAXA

Correct Answer: B. NASA