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JOIN CAREER DEVELOPMENT CENTRE FOR
XRAY PHYSICS TUTION,
qamar@studentcounceeling .com
YOUR Teacher
Dr Qamar.
Consultant Radiologist.
PAF HOSPITAL & FRPMC .
03333035336

POSITRON
A positron is a subatomic particle that is the antiparticle of the electron. It has the same mass as an electron but carries a positive electric charge, while the electron has a negative charge. Positrons are essentially "positive electrons," and they are a form of antimatter.

CAREER DEVELOPMENT CENTRE KARACHI
X Ray Physics Weekend Tutorial
Every Saturday 2pm-4pm
[email protected]
YOUR TUTOR
Dr Qamar
Consultant Radiologist
Fazia Ruth Pfau Medical college
Pakistan Air Force Hospital Karachi
Contact :03333035336

Doppler effect:

The Doppler effect is a shift in the frequency of sound waves due to relative motion between the source (= moving RBC) and the observer (= transducer). In ultrasonography, the transducer sends out sound waves of a particular frequency (transmitted frequency or Ft) and listens to the echoes. When the target structure is moving (RBC), the returning or reflected frequency (Fr) is different. The difference between Ft and Fr is called the ‘Doppler shift’. It is determined by these 4 things:

Transmitted frequency (Ft)
Velocity of the blood flow (V)
Angle of insonation (angle between the ultrasound beam and blood flow)
Velocity of the sound in tissue (C)
Putting them into an equation, we get the formula, Doppler shift = 2 x Ft x V x cos q / C

WEEKEND X RAY PHYSICS CLASSES
Every Saturday from 2 pm to 4 pm
by Dr Qamar Consultant Radiologist PAF & Fazaia Ruth Pfau Medical College, Karachi
Wtsapp 03333035336

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