Active Oped-cum-general Reading with Baqir Ali

Importance of Middle Powers in today's geopolitical context

Important article about growing US China competition and necessary equilibrium in Pakistan's foreign policy

Analyzing CARETAKER GOVERNMENT SYSTEM in Pakistan
# Very important for CSS Subject: Pakistan Affairs, Political Science, and Constitutional Law

Brief overview and history :
* No constitutional provision for C.G by framers of Const. 1973 of Pakistan
* System of C.G injected into Const. Through RCO given by Gen. Zia ul Haq (Military dictatorship)
* Charter of democracy (2006) signed btw democratic parties endorsed System of C.G

=> Legal positions:
* Section 31 of charter : Explicitly calls for 'neutral' CG
* Mandate: 90 days; contribute to free and fair elections
* Section 230 of Election Act 2017 : CG can't take long term policy decisions

=> Analyzing CG in Pakistan:
C.G in Pak is viewed with increased skepicism; It requires reforms for better CG System

1. Most of CG PMs in Pak history had political leanings
2. 90 day mandate is extended for pol. Gains (Punjab and KPK now)
3. Non neutrality (Partisanship of KPK CG publicly confessed by PDM, dismissal of one minister by ECP)
Also, Proposing Ishaq Dar, PMLN member, for CG PM
4. Runs counter to preamble of Const. Of Pakistan, that is: State to exercise powers through elected representatives of people
*Recent Amendment to section 230 of E.Act 2017 enhanced powers of CG.

Given Case Studies of CG System :
1. Bangladesh; erstwhile eastern wing
2. India

Analysis:
CG not meeting its responsibilities; Being used as pol. tool; Non neutral and Failed to guarantee free and fair elections
Near possibilities: May be faced with extention beyond 90 days mandate -> Deferred elections
Hence, Two choices: 1. Wind up prevailing flawed CG system
2. Reform CG system to make it strictly neutral
3. India's model: Elected govt to continue with restricted powers under watchbof Election Commission

Deconstructed by: Baqir Ali
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Topics concerned:

1. China, Iran and Pakistan negotiations last month
2. Iran and Saudi Arabia peace deal brokered by China
3. China and Pakistan cooperation over Afghan crisis
4. Political, Economic and Security prospects of all these happenings for:
A. The regions as a whole
B. Countries' national interests

Article Link: https://www.dawn.com/news/1763757?ref=whatsapp

https://www.facebook.com/baqirali.kalwar.u?mibextid=ZbWKwL

Topic:

# Factors which motivated its quest for Nuclear Capability:
1. The burdon of history
2. The tyranny of geography (India and Global geopolitics)
3. Contested borders inherited by colonial rule

# History of Nuclear Capability, Challenges faced; and role of diplomacy

Books: 1. Eating Grass by Feroze Khan
2. The serurity imperative: Pakistan's Nuclear
Deterrence and diplomacy

A. Reliance on External balancing strategy
B. 1974 Indian Nuclear Explosion
C. The Is led West's discriminatory treatment
i.e The Glenn, Symington and Solarz Amendments;
D. Cancellation of Pak Civilian Nuclear cooperation
agreements under US pressure

Only then pakistan started persuing covert Nucclear Weapons Programme:
?
A. Capitalizing Strategic space privided by 1979 Russian Invasion of Afghanistan
B. US Assistance
C. Russian withdrawl and the US sanctions against Pakistan under Pressler Law
1. Eco. Assistance stopped
2. Military equipments like F16s embargoed

Tensions eased during BB's official visit to Washington; intended Brown Amendment to ease sanctions

D. Pakistan's refusal to US seeking unilateral nuclear concessions to shun nuclear weapon programe in exchange for release of F16s.

"PAKISTAN'S NATIONAL SECURITY IS NON-NEGOTIABLE; YOU CAN KEEP PLANES," said army Chief Gen. Waheed Kakar in Washington

1998: Pakistn conducted Nuclear Test followed by Indian nuclear test

IBA Screening 5 to 15 Grade Job: Graduation Category, Solved Mathematics portion
Date: 17 January, 2023

FREE CSS Orientation Session at PACC-FJR
Date: January 10th, 2023
From 5-6:30 pm

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What in the World Will Happen in 2023? | by Richard Haass - Project Syndicate Richard Haass thinks Japan’s emergence as a geopolitical player and Iran’s meltdown will dominate headlines this year.