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Sindh text book - solved questions, Karachi (2026)

21/08/2026

Commercial Geography Book PDF Free Download | Yousuf Rahmani | class 12 | Sindh board |

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22/02/2026

22/02/2026

22/01/2026

English |Poem 2 | Don't Quit | class 11 | Sindh board | most important question solved ten year |

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1. Write the central idea of the poem, 'Don't Quit'.

The central idea of the poem is to never give up. Life may be full of problems and difficulties, but we should keep trying. Success comes to those who are patient and brave. The poem teaches that persistence and determination can overcome any challenge.

2. What is the poet's message in the first stanza?

In the first stanza, the poet tells us that life is hard and full of challenges. Even when we fail or face difficulties, we should not give up. We must move forward with courage. He also advises that staying calm and hopeful is important during tough times.

3. Which line of the poem do you like the most and why?

I like the line “If you meet with triumph and disaster”. It shows that both success and failure are temporary, and we should stay calm and keep trying no matter what happens. This line reminds us to be balanced and strong in all situations.

4. Write the central idea of the poem?

The central idea is that perseverance and determination lead to success. Life is not easy, but if we face problems bravely, we can achieve our goals. Never quitting is the key to personal growth and victory. The poem also motivates us to develop patience and courage to handle difficulties.

5. Find similes, metaphors and alliterations in the poem.

Simile: “Life is like a game of chance.”
Metaphor: “Life is q***r with twists and turns.”
Alliteration: “If you fight and fail, keep fighting still.”
These literary devices make the poem more interesting and meaningful.

6. Discuss how the poem helps the reader to be optimistic in every situation.

The poem teaches us to stay positive even in hard times. It reminds that failure is not the end, and by working hard and being patient, we can overcome problems. Optimism helps us keep trying until we succeed. It also encourages us to believe in ourselves and our abilities.

7. What effect does the poem create on the reader?

The poem inspires and motivates the reader. It creates hope, confidence, and courage. Readers feel encouraged to face challenges bravely and never give up. It also gives a sense of determination and mental strength to fight difficulties.

8. What is the message of the poem?

The main message is: Never give up, no matter what happens. Hard work, patience, and courage are very important. Life has ups and downs, but perseverance always leads to success. The poem also teaches that consistent effort can make dreams come true.

9. Why does the poet term life 'q***r with twists and turns'?

The poet calls life “q***r with twists and turns” because it is unpredictable and full of surprises. Sometimes we face problems unexpectedly, so we must stay strong and ready to handle any situation. This line also shows that life’s journey is never simple or straight.

10. What is the benefit of not quitting as suggested in the poem?

Not quitting helps a person achieve success. It builds courage, patience, and strong character. Even after failure, continuous effort can bring victory and help us reach our goals. It also gives self-confidence and a positive attitude towards challenges.

20/01/2026

Principle of commerce | XI | chapter #5 | Cooperative Society | important questions | Ten year |
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Q1 # state any five characteristics of cooperative societies.

Characteristics of Cooperative Societies:

1. Service Motive:
A cooperative society works mainly for the welfare and service of its members, not for earning profit. Profit is not its basic objective, though it may earn profit while serving members.

2. Government Registration and Control:
It is compulsory for a cooperative society to be registered with the provincial or federal government. After registration, it works according to the rules and regulations and remains under government supervision.

3. Voluntary Association:
There is no compulsion to form or join a cooperative society. Any person who wants to get benefit from mutual cooperation can become a member willingly.

4. Democratic Management:
A cooperative society is managed on democratic principles. Every member has one vote, regardless of the amount of capital invested by him.

5. Limited Liability:
The liability of the members of a cooperative society is limited. Members are responsible only to the extent of their share capital.

Q #2 differentiate between shares and debentures.

20/01/2026

Poem 3 | ozymandias | class 11 | Sindh board | most important question solved ten year |

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i. What did the traveler see in the desert and whom he told about it?

The traveler saw the broken remains of a huge statue in the desert. He saw two broken legs and a shattered face lying in the sand. He told the poet about what he had seen. The statue belonged to a powerful king.

ii. How can you say that the sculptor was a great artist?

The sculptor was a great artist because he clearly showed the king’s pride and cruelty. The expressions on the statue’s face were very realistic. Even after many years, the feelings were visible. This proves the sculptor’s skill.

iii. What was written on the pedestal of the statue of Ozymandias?

The pedestal had the words of Ozymandias written on it. It said that he was the king of kings. He challenged others to look at his great works. The words showed his pride and arrogance.

iv. What is the meaning of the phrase in the poem “the heart that fed”?

“The heart that fed” means the king’s selfish and cruel nature. It shows that he ruled with pride and power. He enjoyed controlling people. The phrase reflects his arrogant personality.

v. What is ironic about the fate of Ozymandias?

Ozymandias thought his power would last forever. He wanted others to fear his greatness. Ironically, nothing remains except broken ruins. His pride ended in complete destruction.

vi. What is the message of the poem?

The poem gives the message that power and pride do not last forever. Time destroys even the greatest rulers. Only good deeds are remembered. Human pride always ends in failure.

vii. How does this poem relate to your life?

This poem teaches us to be humble in life. Pride and arrogance bring downfall. Success should not make us forget others. A simple and kind life is more meaningful.

viii. The proud Ozymandias lies forgotten in the desert. Comment.

Ozymandias was once a powerful king, but now he is forgotten. His statue is broken and buried in sand. This shows that time is stronger than human power. Pride cannot save anyone from destruction.

20/01/2026

Unit 5 | My Bank Account | class 11 | Sindh board | most important question solved ten year |
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i. What is effect upon the author of entering the bank to do business?

When the author enters the bank, he feels nervous and confused. The serious atmosphere of the bank frightens him. He feels small and unimportant among the officials. He behaves very carefully and timidly.

ii. Why did the author decide to open an account?

The author decided to open an account because he had fifty-six dollars. He felt it was unsafe to keep such a large amount of money with him. He thought a bank was the safest place for it. Therefore, he went to open an account.

iii. What was the manager's reaction when the author told him that he would like to see him alone?

The manager became serious and worried. He thought the author had some important or secret matter. He took him to his private room politely. The manager listened carefully to him.

iv. Why did the manager look relieved when he knew the purpose of the author's visit?

The manager felt relieved when he learned that the author only wanted to open an account. He realized that there was no serious problem. His fear and tension disappeared. He then behaved in a normal manner.

v. What is the equivalent of fifty American dollars in Pakistani currency?

Fifty American dollars are approximately equal to fourteen thousand Pakistani rupees. This amount changes with the exchange rate. The author considered it a large sum. Therefore, he was very careful about it.

vi. What mistake did the author make when he wrote the cheque?

The author wrote a cheque for all the money in his account. He did not leave even a small amount in the bank. This showed his confusion and lack of banking knowledge. It made the situation funny.

vii. Explain the meaning of the clerk's question, “How will you have it?”

The clerk meant to ask how the author wanted the money. He was asking whether the amount should be paid in notes or coins. The author misunderstood the question. This created a humorous situation.

viii. Why was there a roar of laughter when the author left the bank?

There was laughter because of the author’s strange behavior. He deposited money and withdrew it immediately. His nervous actions amused the bank staff. They found the situation funny.

ix. The author, Stephen Leacock, was a respected university teacher and a highly successful writer. Do you think this is a true story?

This story is not completely true. It is written in a humorous and exaggerated style. The author added imaginary details to amuse readers. The purpose was entertainment, not reality.

x. Why is it wiser to keep one's money in a bank than to hoard it in one's home?

Keeping money in a bank is safer than keeping it at home. Banks protect money from theft and loss. Money in a bank can also earn profit. Therefore, it is a wise and secure choice.

20/01/2026

Unit 3 | The Necklace | class 11 | Sindh board | most important question solved ten year |
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i. Why did M. Loisel expect his wife to be pleased to receive the invitation?

M. Loisel expected his wife to be happy because the invitation was for a grand party at the Ministry of Education. He thought it was a rare honor for them. He believed it would make his wife feel important and respected. He did not know she wanted luxury more than respect.

ii. What was Mme. Loisel's reaction on reading the invitation?

Mme. Loisel was not happy after reading the invitation. Instead of joy, she felt upset and disappointed. She complained that she had no proper dress to wear. The invitation made her feel poor and unhappy.

iii. How was the life of Mme. Loisel before the loss of necklace?

Before losing the necklace, Mme. Loisel lived a comfortable life. She had a caring husband and no financial worries. However, she was always unhappy and dreamed of a rich life. She was never satisfied with what she had.

iv. What efforts were made to find Mme. Forestier's necklace?

Mr. and Mme. Loisel searched everywhere for the necklace. They looked in the ballroom, streets, and police station. Mr. Loisel checked newspaper ads and visited cab offices. Despite all efforts, the necklace was not found.

v. Describe in your own words how the Loisel's life changed after they paid for the new necklace.

After paying for the necklace, the Loisel’s life became very hard. They moved to a small house and lived in poverty. Mme. Loisel did all household work herself. Both worked day and night to repay the debt.

vi. What was Mme. Forestier's reaction when seeing Mme. Loisel before she figured out who she was?

When Mme. Forestier saw Mme. Loisel, she did not recognize her. She was surprised by her poor appearance. Mme. Loisel looked old and tired. Her hard life had completely changed her looks.

vii. How did Mr. and Mme. Loisel replace the necklace?

They decided to buy a new necklace like the lost one. Mr. Loisel used his savings and borrowed money from many people. They bought a diamond necklace worth thirty-six thousand francs. This decision changed their lives forever.

viii. What was Mme. Forestier's reaction when the necklace was returned?

Mme. Forestier was annoyed when the necklace was returned late. She checked it quickly and put it away. She did not show much concern. She never imagined that it had been replaced.

ix. How did Mr. Loisel contribute to the cost of the new necklace?

Mr. Loisel gave all his savings of eighteen thousand francs. He also borrowed money at high interest. He worked extra jobs at night to repay the loans. He fully supported his wife in paying the debt.

x. How had Mme. Loisel's sacrifice been vain?

Mme. Loisel’s sacrifice was useless because the necklace was fake. She suffered for ten years without any reason. Her beauty and youth were lost due to hard work. If she had told the truth earlier, her life would not have been ruined.

17/01/2026

Unit 8 | A voyage to the city of lions | class 11 | Sindh board | most important question solved ten year |
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i. What is the geographical location of Singapore city?

Singapore is a small island country situated in Southeast Asia. It lies at the southern end of the Malay Peninsula. Malaysia is located to its north while Indonesia is to its south. Singapore is very close to the equator, so its climate remains hot and humid throughout the year. Its location makes it an important trade center.

ii. What are barges and how are these operated?

Barges are large flat-bottomed boats used for carrying goods in the sea and rivers. They are mostly used in harbors to transport cargo. Barges do not have engines of their own. They are pulled or pushed by small powerful boats called tugboats. These barges help in loading and unloading goods from ships.

iii. How is Singapore connected to Malaysia?

Singapore is connected to Malaysia by a long causeway built over the sea. This causeway serves as a road and railway link between the two countries. Vehicles and trains move daily across it. Many people use this route for travel and trade. It plays an important role in economic activities.

iv. Describe briefly the significance of Singapore port.

The port of Singapore is one of the busiest ports in the world. Ships from many countries come here for trade. It works day and night to load and unload goods. The port provides employment to many people. It is the backbone of Singapore’s economy.

v. What are reasons for prosperity of Singapore in spite of very small area?

Singapore has a very small area and no natural resources. Despite this, it is a prosperous country because of trade and industry. Its strategic location helps international business. The government is honest and efficient. The people are educated, disciplined, and hardworking.

vi. How is Singapore one of the attractive areas for tourists?

Singapore is one of the most attractive tourist centers in the world. It has beautiful buildings, clean streets, and green parks. Tourists enjoy Sentosa Island, the zoo, and shopping malls. Different cultures and delicious foods attract visitors. Safety and good facilities make tourism enjoyable.

vii. How does Singapore keep itself clean?

Singapore is famous for its cleanliness. The government has strict laws against littering. Dustbins are provided everywhere in the city. People are trained from childhood to keep their surroundings clean. Heavy fines are imposed on those who break cleanliness rules.

viii. Describe any four interesting aspects of Singapore.

Singapore has many interesting aspects that impress visitors. It is extremely clean and well-planned. People of different religions and cultures live peacefully. The transport system is modern and efficient. Tall buildings and advanced technology show rapid progress.

ix. Why is Singapore called the fusion of the East and the West?

Singapore is called the fusion of the East and the West because both cultures exist together. Eastern traditions and Western lifestyle can be seen side by side. People wear modern clothes but follow Asian values. Eastern food and Western habits mix beautifully. This combination makes Singapore unique.

x. Describe briefly the education in Singapore.

Education in Singapore is very advanced and well-organized. Great importance is given to discipline and quality education. Teachers are well-trained and hardworking. Science, technology, and skills are specially focused. Education plays a key role in the country’s development.

15/01/2026

Principle of commerce | XI | chapter #11 | wholesaling | important questions | Ten year |
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Define wholesaler and Retailer .write services of wholesaler to manufacture/ producer and retailer?

Wholesaler:
A wholesaler is a person who buys goods in large quantities from the producer or manufacturer and sells them in small quantities to retailers.
Example:
A person who buys 1,000 bags of sugar from a sugar mill and sells them to shopkeepers is called a wholesaler.

Retailer:
A retailer is a person who buys goods from a wholesaler and sells them in small quantities directly to consumers.
Example:
A shopkeeper who buys sugar from a wholesaler and sells it to customers by the kilogram is called a retailer.

Services of Wholesaler to Producer:
A wholesaler provides many useful services to the producer or manufacturer. These services are explained below.

1. Purchase in Large Quantities:
The wholesaler buys goods in large quantities from the producer. This helps the producer to produce on a large scale and reduce cost. It also provides financial support to the producer.

2. Help in Distribution:
A producer is an expert in production, not in selling. The wholesaler takes the responsibility of selling and distributing goods, so the producer can focus only on production.

3. Reduction in Storage Burden:
The wholesaler stores goods in his own warehouse. This saves the producer from keeping large stocks and helps him use less capital or invest it in future production.

4. Market Information
The wholesaler gives useful information to the producer about market demand, quality required, quantity needed, new trends, and changes in consumer taste because he is in direct contact with retailers.

5. Reduction in Distribution Cost:
The wholesaler reduces the producer’s selling and distribution costs. Without wholesalers, the producer would need a large sales force to reach many retailers.

6. Credit Facility:
Producers usually cannot give credit to retailers due to shortage of funds. Wholesalers provide credit to retailers and relieve the producer from this burden.

7. Simplification of Marketing Process:
The wholesaler reduces the number of transactions. The producer deals with a few wholesalers instead of hundreds or thousands of retailers, making marketing easier and faster.

Services of Wholesaler to Retailer:

1. Buying Facility:
A wholesaler buys goods in large quantities from manufacturers.
This saves the retailer from buying directly from different producers.

2. Lessening Business Risks:
The wholesaler reduces the business risks of the retailer by bearing the risk of price changes and damage to goods.

3. Credit Facility:
The wholesaler provides goods to retailers on credit.
This helps retailers run their business even with limited capital.

4. Quality Maintenance:
The wholesaler selects and checks the quality of goods before supplying them.
Thus, retailers receive standard quality products.

5. Storage Service:
The wholesaler stores goods in warehouses or godowns.
This relieves retailers from storage problems.

6. Advantage of Speculation:
The wholesaler buys goods in advance by forecasting future demand.
This ensures regular supply of goods to retailers at stable prices.

7. Timely Delivery:
The wholesaler supplies goods to retailers on time.
This helps retailers continue their business smoothly.

8. Assumption of Risk on Behalf of Retailers:
The wholesaler bears risks like fire, theft, and fall in prices on behalf of retailers.

9. Merchandising Aid:
The wholesaler provides guidance about display, packing, and sales promotion to increase sales.

10. Expansion in Market Knowledge:
The wholesaler shares market information about demand, trends, and consumer preferences with retailers.

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