Medical Information

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Heart disease, Types, Symptoms, Causes, Risk factors, Diagnosis, treatment.

Heart disease:
Heart disease is a collection of diseases and conditions that cause cardiovascular problems. Each type of heart disease is caused by something entirely unique to that condition.

Types of heart disease:
Heart disease encompasses a wide range of cardiovascular problems. Several diseases and conditions fall under the umbrella of heart disease. Types of heart disease include:
•)Arrhythmia. An arrhythmia is a heart rhythm abnormality.
•)Atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a hardening of the arteries.
•)Cardiomyopathy. This condition causes the heart’s muscles to harden or grow weak.
•)Congenital heart defects. Congenital heart defects are heart irregularities that are present at birth.
•)Coronary artery disease (CAD). CAD is caused by the buildup of plaque in the heart’s arteries. It’s sometimes called ischemic heart disease.
•)Heart infections. Heart infections may be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites.

Symptoms of heart disease:
Different types of heart disease may result in a variety of different symptoms.
•)Arrhythmias
Arrhythmias are abnormal heart rhythms. The symptoms may experience depend on the type of arrhythmia — heartbeats that are too fast or too slow. Symptoms of an arrhythmia include:
•lightheadedness
•fluttering heart or racing heartbeat
•slow pulse
•fainting spells
•dizziness
•chest pain

•)Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis reduces blood supply to extremities. In addition to chest pain and shortness of breath, symptoms of atherosclerosis include:
•coldness, especially in the limbs
•numbness, especially in the limbs
•unusual or unexplained pain
•weakness in your legs and arms

Congenital heart defects
Congenital heart defects are heart problems that develop when a fetus is growing. Some heart defects are never diagnosed. Others may be found when they cause symptoms, such as:
•blue-tinged skin
•swelling of the extremities
•shortness of breath or difficulty b

Organ system, Organs systems and their functions.

Organ system
An organ system is a group of organs that work together as a biological system to perform one or more functions. Each organ does a particular job in the body, and is made up of distinct tissues.
For example, the heart and the blood vessels make up the cardiovascular system. They work together to circulate the blood, bringing oxygen and nutrients to cells throughout the body and carrying away carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes.

Organ system and their functions
11 major organ systems and their main functions are:

1) Respiratory system:breathing: exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Component:human nose, human mouth, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs and thoracic diaphragm.

2)Digestive system /excretory system:digestion: breakdown and absorption of nutrients, excretion of solid wastes.
Components:human teeth, tongue, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, re**um and a**s.

3)Circulatory system /cardiovascular/vascular:circulate blood in order to transport nutrients, waste, hormones, O2, CO2, and aid in maintaining pH and temperature.
Components:blood, heart, arteries, veins, capillaries.

4)Urinary system /Renal/urinary tract:maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, purify blood and excrete liquid waste (urine)
Components:kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra

5)Integumentary system:exterior protection of body and thermal regulation
Components:skin, hair, exocrine glands, fat, and nails

6)Skeletal system:structural support and protection, production of blood cells.
Components:bones, cartilage, ligaments and tendons.

7)Muscular system:movement of body, production of heat.
Components:skeletal muscles, smooth muscles and cardiac muscle

8)Endocrine system:communication within the body using hormones made by endocrine glands.
Components:hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal gland

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