Sufa Science Academy -SSA

***ﺳﻮﭺ ﮐﯽ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﺯ***

ﮈﻧﻤﺎﺭﮎ ﮐﯽ ﮐﻮﭘﻦ ﮨﯿﮕﻦ ﯾﻮﻧﯿﻮﺭﺳﭩﯽ ﻧﮯ ﺍﯾﮏ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻓﺰﮐﺲ ﮐﮯ ﭘﺮﭼﮯ ﻣﯿﮟ ﻃﻠﺒﺎﺀ ﺳﮯ ﯾﮧ ﺳﻮﺍﻝ ﭘﻮﭼﮭﺎ ﮐﮧ : ﺑﯿﺮﻭﻣﯿﭩﺮ ﮐﯽ ﻣﺪﺩ ﺳﮯ ﮐﺴﯽ ﻓﻠﮏ ﺑﻮﺱ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺕ ﮐﯽ ﺍﻭﻧﭽﺎﺋﯽ ﮐﯽ ﭘﯿﻤﺎﺋﺶ ﮐﺲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﮐﯽ ﺟﺎ ﺳﮑﺘﯽ ﮨﮯ؟
ﺍﺱ ﺁﺳﺎﻥ ﺳﮯ ﺳﻮﺍﻝ ﮐﺎ ﺍﺗﻨﺎ ﺳﺎ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺑﻨﺘﺎ ﮨﮯ ﮐﮧ؛ ﺑﯿﺮﻭﻣﯿﭩﺮ ﺳﮯ ﺯﻣﯿﻦ ﮐﯽ ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺮ ﮨﻮﺍ ﮐﺎ ﺩﺑﺎﺅ ﻧﺎﭖ ﻟﯿﺎ ﺟﺎﺋﮯ ﺍﻭﺭ ﺍﺱ ﮐﮯ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺱ ﻓﻠﮏ ﺑﻮﺱ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺕ ﮐﯽ ﭼﻮﭨﯽ ﭘﺮ ﺳﮯ ﮨﻮﺍ ﮐﺎ ﺩﺑﺎﺅ ﻧﺎﭖ ﻟﯿﺎ ﺟﺎﺋﮯ، ﺍﻥ ﺩﻭﻧﻮﮞ ﮐﮯ ﻓﺮﻕ ﺳﮯ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺕ ﮐﯽ ﺍﻭﻧﭽﺎﺋﯽ ﮐﯽ ﭘﯿﻤﺎﺋﺶ ﮨﻮ ﺟﺎﺋﮯ ﮔﯽ۔
ﺍﺱ ﺳﻮﺍﻝ ﮐﮯ ﺩﯾﺌﮯ ﮔﺌﮯ ﺟﻮﺍﺑﻮﮞ ﻣﯿﮟ ﺳﮯ ﺍﯾﮏ ﻃﺎﻟﺒﻌﻠﻢ ﻧﮯ ﮐﭽﮫ ﺍﯾﺴﺎ ﻣﻀﺤﮑﮧ ﺧﯿﺰ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺩﯾﺎ ﺗﮭﺎ ﮐﮧ ﻣﻤﺘﺤﻦ ﻧﮯ ﺑﺎﻗﯽ ﺳﻮﺍﻻﺕ ﮐﮯ ﺟﻮﺍﺑﺎﺕ ﭘﮍﮬﮯ ﺑﻐﯿﺮ ﮨﯽ ﺍﺱ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻠﻢ ﮐﻮ ﺍﺱ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ ﻣﯿﮟ ﻓﯿﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﯾﺪﯾﺎ۔ ﯾﮧ ﻣﻀﺤﮑﮧ ﺧﯿﺰ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﮐﭽﮫ ﯾﻮﮞ ﺗﮭﺎ ﮐﮧ : ﺑﯿﺮﻭﻣﯿﭩﺮ ﮐﻮ ﺍﯾﮏ ﺩﮬﺎﮔﮯ ﺳﮯ ﺑﺎﻧﺪﮪ ﮐﺮ ﺍﺱ ﻓﻠﮏ ﺑﻮﺱ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺕ ﮐﯽ ﭼﮭﺖ ﺳﮯ ﻧﯿﭽﮯ ﻟﭩﮑﺎﯾﺎ ﺟﺎﺋﮯ۔ ﺟﺐ ﺑﯿﺮﻭﻣﯿﭩﺮ ﺯﻣﯿﻦ ﮐﻮ ﭼﮭﻮ ﺟﺎﺋﮯ ﺗﻮ ﺩﮬﺎﮔﮯ ﮐﻮ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻟﮕﺎ ﮐﺮ ﺑﯿﺮﻭﻣﯿﭩﺮ ﻭﺍﭘﺲ ﮐﮭﯿﭻ ﻟﯿﺎ ﺟﺎﺋﮯ۔ ﺍﺏ ﺍﺱ ﺩﮬﺎﮔﮯ ﮐﯽ ﭘﯿﻤﺎﺋﺶ ﮐﯽ ﺟﺎﺋﮯ ﺟﻮ ﮐﮧ ﺍﺱ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺕ ﮐﯽ ﺍﻭﻧﭽﺎﺋﯽ ﮐﻮ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﮐﺮﮮ ﮔﯽ۔
ﻣﻤﺘﺤﻦ ﮐﻮ ﺍﺱ ﺑﺎﺕ ﭘﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﮩﺎﺋﯽ ﻏﺼﮧ ﺗﮭﺎ ﮐﮧ ﻃﺎﻟﺒﻌﻠﻢ ﻧﮯ ﺟﺲ ﮔﮭﭩﯿﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ ﺳﮯ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺕ ﮐﯽ ﺍﻭﻧﭽﺎﺋﯽ ﭘﯿﻤﺎﺋﺶ ﮐﺮﻧﮯ ﮐﺎ ﻃﺮﯾﻘﮧ ﺑﺘﺎﯾﺎ ﺗﮭﺎ ﻭﮦ ﺍﯾﮏ ﺑﮩﺖ ﮨﯽ ﺑﻨﯿﺎﺩﯼ ﺳﺎ ﻃﺮﯾﻘﮧ ﺗﮭﺎ ﺟﺲ ﮐﺎ ﻧﺎ ﺗﻮ ﺍﺱ ﺑﯿﺮﻭﻣﯿﭩﺮ ﺳﮯ ﮐﻮﺋﯽ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﺗﮭﺎ ﺍﻭﺭ ﻧﺎ ﮨﯽ ﻓﺰﮐﺲ ﮐﮯ ﮐﺴﯽ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﺳﮯ۔ ﺟﺒﮑﮧ ﻃﺎﻟﺒﻌﻠﻢ ﻧﮯ ﺍﭘﻨﮯ ﻓﯿﻞ ﮐﯿﺌﮯ ﺟﺎﻧﮯ ﮐﻮ ﺍﯾﮏ ﻇﺎﻟﻢ ﺭﻭﯾﮧ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﯾﺎ ﺍﻭﺭ ﯾﻮﻧﯿﻮﺭﺳﭩﯽ ﮐﻮ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﮐﺮﻧﮯ ﮐﯿﻠﺌﮯ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﯾﺪﯼ ﮐﮧ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺩﯾﺌﮯ ﺟﺎﻧﮯ ﮐﮯﺑﺎﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍُﺳﮯ ﮐﺲ ﻟﯿﺌﮯ ﻓﯿﻞ ﮐﯿﺎ ﮔﯿﺎ ﺗﮭﺎ۔ ﯾﻮﻧﯿﻮﺭﺳﭩﯽ ﻧﮯ ﺍﭘﻨﮯ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﮐﮯ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻓﻮﺭﺍ ﺍﺱ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﮯ ﮐﮯ ﺣﻞ ﮐﯿﻠﺌﮯ ﺍﯾﮏ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ ﮐﻤﯿﭩﯽ ﺑﻨﺎﺋﯽ ﺍﻭﺭ ﺍﯾﮏ ﺍﻓﺴﺮ ﺑﮭﯽ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﮐﺮ ﺩﯾﺎ۔
ﺍﺱ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ ﺍﻓﺴﺮ ﻧﮯ ﺍﭘﻨﮯ ﺳﺮﺑﺮﺍﮦ ﮐﻮ ﺭﭘﻮﺭﭦ ﺩﯼ ﮐﮧ ﻃﺎﻟﺒﻌﻠﻢ ﮐﺎ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺗﻮ ﺑﺎﻟﮑﻞ ﭨﮭﯿﮏ ﮨﮯ ﻣﮕﺮ ﺍﺱ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺳﮯ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻠﻢ ﮐﯽ ﻓﺰﮐﺲ ﺳﮯ ﮐﺴﯽ ﻗﺴﻢ ﮐﯽ ﺁﮔﺎﮨﯽ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﮩﯿﮟ ﺁﺗﯽ۔ ﺗﺎﮨﻢ ﺍﺱ ﺳﺮﺑﺮﺍﮦ ﻧﮯ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻠﻢ ﮐﻮ ﺍﯾﮏ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺩﯾﻨﮯ ﮐﯿﻠﺌﮯ ﺍﭘﻨﮯ ﺩﻓﺘﺮ ﻣﯿﮟ ﺑﻠﻮﺍ ﻟﯿﺎ۔
ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ ﭨﯿﻢ ﮐﮯ ﺳﺮﺑﺮﺍﮦ ﻧﮯ ﻃﺎﻟﺒﻌﻠﻢ ﺳﮯ ﺍﺳﯽ ﺳﻮﺍﻝ ﮐﺎ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺯﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﺩﯾﻨﮯ ﮐﯿﻠﺌﮯ ﮐﮩﺎ۔ ﻃﺎﻟﺒﻌﻠﻢ ﻧﮯ ﮐﭽﮫ ﺩﯾﺮ ﺳﻮﭼﺎ ﺍﻭﺭ ﮐﮩﺎ؛ ﻣﯿﺮﮮ ﭘﺎﺱ ﺍﺱ ﺳﻮﺍﻝ ﮐﮯ ﮐﺌﯽ ﺍﯾﮏ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﮨﯿﮟ ﺟﻦ ﮐﯽ ﻣﺪﺩ ﺳﮯ ﺍﯾﮏ ﻓﻠﮏ ﺑﻮﺱ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺕ ﮐﯽ ﺍﻭﻧﭽﺎﺋﯽ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﮐﯽ ﺟﺎ ﺳﮑﺘﯽ ﮨﮯ، ﻣﺠﮭﮯ ﺳﻤﺠﮫ ﻧﮩﯿﮟ ﺁ ﺭﮨﯽ ﮐﮧ ﺁﭖ ﮐﻮ ﮐﻮﻧﺴﺎ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺩﻭﮞ؟ ﺳﺮﺑﺮﺍﮦ ﻧﮯ ﮐﮩﺎ، ﮐﻮﺋﯽ ﺑﺎﺕ ﻧﮩﯿﮟ، ﺗﻢ ﻣﺠﮭﮯ ﺍﭘﻨﮯ ﺳﺎﺭﮮ ﺟﻮﺍﺑﺎﺕ ﺳﮯ ﮨﯽ ﺁﮔﺎﮦ ﮐﺮﺩﻭ۔
ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻧﮯ ﮐﮩﺎ؛ ﺟﯽ ﺍﯾﮏ ﻃﺮﯾﻘﮧ ﺗﻮ ﯾﮧ ﮨﮯ ﮐﮧ ﺑﯿﺮﻭﻣﯿﭩﺮ ﮐﻮ ﺍﺱ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺕ ﮐﯽ ﭼﻮﭨﯽ ﺳﮯ ﺯﻣﯿﻦ ﭘﺮ ﮔﺮﺍﯾﺎ ﺟﺎﺋﮯ۔ ﺯﻣﯿﻦ ﺗﮏ ﭘﮩﻨﭽﻨﮯ ﮐﮯ ﻭﻗﺖ ﮐﻮ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺗﺠﺎﺫﺏ ﮐﯽ ﺭﻭﺷﻨﯽ ﻣﯿﮟ ﺩﯾﮑﮭﺎ ﺟﺎﺋﮯ ﺗﻮ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺕ ﮐﯽ ﺍﻭﻧﭽﺎﺋﯽ ﮐﺎ ﺑﺂﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﭘﺘﮧ ﭼﻞ ﺟﺎﺋﮯ ﮔﺎ۔
ﺩﻭﺳﺮﺍ ﻃﺮﯾﻘﮧ ﯾﮧ ﮨﮯ ﮐﮧ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺳﻮﺭﺝ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﮨﻮ ﺗﻮ ﺑﯿﺮﻭﻣﯿﭩﺮ ﮐﮯ ﺑﻨﻨﮯ ﻭﺍﻟﮯ ﺳﺎﺋﮯ ﮐﯽ ﭘﯿﻤﺎﺋﺶ ﮐﺮ ﻟﯽ ﺟﺎﺋﮯ ﺍﻭﺭ ﺍﺱ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺕ ﮐﮯ ﺳﺎﺋﮯ ﮐﯽ ﺑﮭﯽ ﭘﯿﻤﺎﺋﺶ ﮐﺮﻟﯽ ﺟﺎﺋﮯ ﺟﺲ ﮐﯽ ﺍﻭﻧﭽﺎﺋﯽ ﮐﯽ ﭘﯿﻤﺎﺋﺶ ﮐﺮﻧﺎ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﮨﻮ۔ ﺍﺏ ﺑﯿﺮﻭﻣﯿﭩﺮ ﮐﯽ ﺍﺻﻞ ﻟﻤﺒﺎﺋﯽ ﺍﻭﺭ ﺍﺱ ﮐﮯ ﺑﻨﻨﮯ ﻭﺍﻟﮯ ﺳﺎﺋﮯ ﮐﮯ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺳﮯ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺕ ﮐﮯ ﺳﺎﺋﮯ ﮐﮯ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﮐﮯ ﺳﺎﺗﮫ ﺍﺧﺬ ﮐﯿﺎ ﺟﺎ ﺳﮑﺘﺎ ﮨﮯ۔
ﺍﻭﺭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﮨﻢ ﺍﭘﻨﮯ ﺩﻣﺎﻍ ﭘﺮ ﺯﯾﺎﺩﮦ ﺯﻭﺭ ﻧﺎ ﮈﺍﻟﻨﺎ ﭼﺎﮨﯿﮟ ﺗﻮ ﺗﯿﺴﺮﺍ ﺍﻭﺭ ﺳﺐ ﺳﮯ ﺁﺳﺎﻥ ﻃﺮﯾﻘﮧ ﻃﺮﯾﻘﮧ ﯾﮧ ﮨﮯ ﮐﮧ ﺟﺲ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺕ ﮐﯽ ﺍﻭﻧﭽﺎﺋﯽ ﮐﯽ ﭘﯿﻤﺎﺋﺶ ﮐﺮﻧﺎ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﮨﻮ ﺍﺱ ﮐﮯ ﭼﻮﮐﯿﺪﺍﺭ ﺳﮯ ﺟﺎ ﮐﺮ ﻣﻼ ﺟﺎﺋﮯ ﺍﻭﺭ ﺍﺳﮯ ﮐﮩﺎ ﺟﺎﺋﮯ ﮐﮧ ﺍﺱ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺕ ﮐﯽ ﭨﮭﯿﮏ ﭨﮭﯿﮏ ﺍﻭﻧﭽﺎﺋﯽ ﺑﺘﺎﺩﻭ ﺗﻮ ﯾﮧ ﺑﯿﺮﻭﻣﯿﭩﺮ ﺗﻤﮩﺎﺭﺍ ﮨﻮﺍ۔
ﺍﯾﮏ ﺍﻭﺭ ﭼﻮﺗﮭﺎ ﻃﺮﯾﻘﮧ ﺑﮭﯽ ﮨﮯ ﻣﮕﺮ ﻣﯿﺮﮮ ﺧﯿﺎﻝ ﻣﯿﮟ ﻭﮦ ﺍﺗﻨﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﮩﯿﮟ ﮨﮯ۔ ﺑﮩﺮﮐﯿﻒ ﺍﮔﺮ ﮨﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﮐﻮ ﺍﺗﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﮭﺎﻧﮯ ﭘﺮ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﮦ ﮨﻮ ﮨﯽ ﺟﺎﺋﯿﮟ ﺗﻮ ﻭﮦ ﻃﺮﯾﻘﮧ ﯾﮧ ﮨﮯ ﮐﮧ ﺑﯿﺮﻭﻣﯿﭩﺮ ﺳﮯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻣﯿﻦ ﭘﺮ ﮨﻮﺍ ﮐﺎ ﺩﺑﺎﺅ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﮐﯿﺎ ﺟﺎﺋﮯ ﺍﻭﺭ ﭘﮭﺮ ﺍﺱ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺕ ﮐﯽ ﭼﮭﺖ ﭘﺮ ﺟﺎ ﮐﺮ ﻭﮨﺎﮞ ﮨﻮﺍ ﮐﺎ ﺩﺑﺎﺅ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﮐﯿﺎ ﺟﺎﺋﮯ، ﺩﻭﻧﻮﮞ ﺩﺑﺎﺅ ﮐﮯ ﺩﺭﻣﯿﺎﻥ ﮐﺎ ﻓﺮﻕ ﺍﺱ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺕ ﮐﯽ ﺍﻭﻧﭽﺎﺋﯽ ﮐﻮ ﻇﺎﮨﺮ ﮐﺮﮮ ﮔﺎ۔ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ ﭨﯿﻢ ﮐﺎ ﺳﺮﺑﺮﺍﮦ ﯾﮩﯽ ﺑﺎﺕ ﺳﻨﻨﮯ ﮐﯿﻠﺌﮯ ﺗﻮ ﺑﮯ ﭼﯿﻦ ﺗﮭﺎ، ﺍﺱ ﻧﮯ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻠﻢ ﮐﯽ ﺣﻮﺻﻠﮧ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺋﯽ ﮐﺮﺗﮯ ﮨﻮﺋﮯ ﮐﮩﺎ ﺷﺎﺑﺎﺵ ﺑﻮﻟﺘﮯ ﺭﮨﻮ ﻣﯿﮟ ﺗﻤﮩﯿﮟ ﻏﻮﺭ ﺳﮯ ﺳﻦ ﺭﮨﺎ ﮨﻮﮞ۔ ﻣﮕﺮ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻠﻢ ﮐﺎ ﺧﯿﺎﻝ ﺗﮭﺎ ﮐﮧ ﭼﻮﻧﮑﮧ ﯾﮧ ﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﺗﻨﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﮩﯿﮟ ﮨﮯ ﺍﺱ ﻟﯿﺌﮯ ﺍﺱ ﮐﮯ ﮐﮩﻨﮯ ﮐﺎ ﮐﻮﺋﯽ ﻓﺎﺋﺪﮦ ﺑﮭﯽ ﻧﮩﯿﮟ ﮨﮯ۔
ﺍﺱ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﺤﺎﻝ ﮐﮯ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻠﻢ ﮐﻮ ﯾﻮﻧﯿﻮﺭﺳﭩﯽ ﻣﯿﮟ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺭﮐﮭﺎ ﮔﯿﺎ۔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﯿﮟ ﻧﺎ ﺻﺮﻑ ﯾﮧ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻓﺰﮐﺲ ﮐﮯ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ ﻣﯿﮟ ﮐﺎﻣﯿﺎﺏ ﮨﻮﺍ ﺑﻠﮑﮧ ﺁﻧﮯ ﻭﺍﻟﮯ ﺩﻧﻮﮞ ﻣﯿﮟ ﺍﺱ ﻧﮯ ﻓﺰﮐﺲ ﮐﻮ ﻭﮦ ﮐﭽﮫ ﺩﯾﺎ ﺟﻮ ﭘﮩﻠﮯ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﻧﺎ ﺗﮭﺎ ﺍﻭﺭ ﻧﻮﺑﻞ ﭘﺮﺍﺋﺰ ﮐﺎ ﺣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﮭﯽ ﺑﻨﺎ۔
ﺟﯽ،ﺍﺱ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻠﻢ ﮐﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻧﯿﻠﺰ ﮨﻨﺮﮎ ﮈﯾﻮﮈ ﺑﻮﮨﺮ ‏( Niels Henrik David Bohr ‏) ﮨﮯ ﺟﻮ ﮐﮧ ﮈﻧﻤﺎﺭﮎ ﮐﺎ ﻣﺸﮩﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﮨﺮ ﻃﺒﻌﯿﺎﺕ ﺍﻭﺭ ﺍﯾﭩﻤﯽ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯿﺎﺕ ﮐﺎ ﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﺗﮭﺎ۔ 1916 ﺀ ﻣﯿﮟ
ﮐﻮﭘﻦ ﮨﯿﮕﻦ ﯾﻮﻧﯿﻮﺭﺳﭩﯽ ﻣﯿﮟ ﻧﻈﺮﯼ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯿﺎﺕ ﮐﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﯿﺴﺮ ﻣﻘﺮﺭ ﮨﻮﺍ۔ 1920 ﺀ ﻣﯿﮟ ﻧﻈﺮﯼ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯿﺎﺕ ﮐﮯ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﮮ ﮐﯽ ﺑﻨﯿﺎﺩ ﮈﺍﻟﯽ ﺍﻭﺭﺍﺱ ﮐﺎ ﭘﮩﻼ ﻧﺎﻇﻢ ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﮨﻮﺍ۔ 1922 ﺀ ﻣﯿﮟ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯿﺎﺕ ﮐﺎ
ﻧﻮﺑﻞ ﺍﻧﻌﺎﻡ ﻣﻼ۔ 1938 ﺀ ﻣﯿﮟ ﺍﻣﺮﯾﮑﮧ ﮔﯿﺎ ﺍﻭﺭ ﺍﻣﺮﯾﮑﯽ ﺳﺎﺋﻨﺲ ﺩﺍﻧﻮﮞ ﮐﻮ ﺑﺘﺎﯾﺎ ﮐﮧ ﯾﻮﺭﯾﻨﯿﻢ ﮐﮯ ﺍﯾﭩﻢ ﮐﻮ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﯼ ﺣﺼﻮﮞ ﻣﯿﮟ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﮐﺮﻧﺎ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﮨﮯ۔ ﺍﺱ ﮐﮯ ﺍﺱ ﺩﻋﻮﮮ ﮐﯽ ﺗﺼﺪﯾﻖ
ﮐﻮﻟﻤﺒﯿﺎ ﯾﻮﻧﯿﻮﺭﺳﭩﯽ ﮐﮯ ﺳﺎﺋﻨﺲ ﺩﺍﻧﻮﮞ ﻧﮯ ﮐﯽ۔ ﮈﻧﻤﺎﺭﮎ ﻭﺍﭘﺲ ﮔﯿﺎ ﺗﻮ ﻣﻠﮏ ﭘﺮ ﻧﺎﺯﯾﻮﮞ ﮐﺎ ﺗﺴﻠﻂ ﮨﻮﮔﯿﺎ۔ 1943 ﺀ ﻣﯿﮟ ﺍﻣﺮﯾﮑﮧ ﭼﻼ ﮔﯿﺎ۔ 1944 ﺀ ﻣﯿﮟ ﻭﺍﭘﺲ ﮈﻧﻤﺎﺭﮎ ﺁﯾﺎ۔ 18 ﻧﻮﻣﺒﺮ 1962 ﺀ ﮐﻮ ﮈﻧﻤﺎﺭﮎ ﻣﯿﮟ ﺍﺱ ﮐﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﮨﻮ ﮔﯿﺎ۔

Episode 18 ( Herbal Medicine ) ... !
A thousand years ago , gardens were also scientific " field " laboratories , looked after by eminent scientists who wrote manuals on the medical properties of plants >Herbal medicine wasn't seen as an alternative medicine but was very much part of medical practice , with many hospitals keeping gardens full of herbs , for use in medicines , and new drugs were discovered and administrated . This kind of herbal discovery has been made since the dawn of civilization. There are records from Egypt , Mesopotamia, China and India that reflect a tradition that existed before we discovered writing . In the west, the first " herbal" ( the book listing and explaining the properties of herbs ) was Creek and written in the 3rd century BCE by Diocles of Carystus , followed by Crateus in the 1st century CE.
As the Muslims land grew, merchants and travelers came across exotic plants , trees , seeds and species previously unknown to them. They collected and brought back a huge number of samples of raw ingredients, along with knowledge, and information about their use , combining the world and its harshest of environments going as far a field as the steppes of Asia and the Pyrenees. The discovery and wide use of paper also meant that on the spot detailed recording of their journeys and observations could be made . With this vast amount of data and material coupled with their scientific medical knowledge, many new traditional and herbal medicines became available. All these discoveries meant that a huge amount of information was build up and spilled out of colossal encyclopedia works .

" And in it , their drink is mixed with ginger . "
( Al- Qurran 76:17 , mentions ginger as one of the drinks of paradise .Today ginger is used to relieve nausea and vomiting . )

Full Form Of Some non technical Words
===========================
B. A. — Bachelor of Arts
M. A. — Master of Arts
B. Sc. — Bachelor of Science
M. Sc. — Master of Science
B. Sc. Ag. — Bachelor of Science in
Agriculture
M. Sc. Ag. — Master of Science in Agriculture
M. B. B. S. — Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery
M. D. — Doctor of Medicine
M. S. — Master of Surgery
Ph. D. / D. Phil. — Doctor of Philosophy (Arts & Science)
D. Litt./Lit. — Doctor of Literature / Doctor of Letters
D. Sc. — Doctor of Science
B. Com. — Bachelor of Commerce
M. Com. — Master of Commerce
Dr. — Doctor
B. P. — Blood Pressure
Mr. — Mister
Mrs. — Mistress
M.S. — miss (used for female married & unmarried)
Miss — used before unmarried girls)
M. P. — Member of Parliament
M. L. A. — Member of Legislative Assembly
M. L. C. — Member of Legislative Council
P. M. — Prime Minister
C. M. — Chief Minister
C-in-C — Commander-In-Chief
L. D. C. — Lower Division Clerk
U. D. C. — Upper Division Clerk
Lt. Gov. — Lieutenant Governor
D. M. — District Magistrate
V. I. P. — Very Important Person
I. T. O. — Income Tax Officer
C. I. D. — Criminal Investigation Department
C/o — Care of
S/o — Son of
C. B. I. — Central Bureau of Investigation
G. P. O. — General Post Office
H. Q. — Head Quarters
E. O. E. — Errors and Omissions Excepted
Kg. — Kilogram
Kw. — Kilowatts
Gm. — Gram
Km. — Kilometer
Ltd. — Limited
M. P. H. — Miles Per Hour
KM. P. H. — Kilometre Per Hour
P. T. O. — Please Turn Over
P. W. D. — Public Works Department
C. P. W. D. — Central Public Works Department
U. S. A. — United States of America
U. K. — United Kingdom (England)
U. P. — Uttar Pradesh
M. P. — Madhya Pradesh
H. P. — Himachal Pradesh
U. N. O. — United Nations Organization
W. H. O. — World Health Organization
B. B. C. — British Broadcasting Corporation
B. C. — Before Christ
A. C. — Air Conditioned
I. G. — Inspector General (of Police)
D. I. G. — Deputy Inspector General (of Police)
S. S. P. — Senior Superintendent of Police
D. S. P. — Deputy Superintendent of Police
S. D. M. — Sub-Divisional Magistrate
S. M. — Station Master
A. S. M. — Assistant Station Master
V. C. — Vice-Chancellor
A. G. — Accountant General
C. R. — Confidential Report
I. A. S. — Indian Administrative Service
I. P. S. — Indian Police Service
I. F. S. — Indian Foreign Service or Indian
Forest Service
I. R. S. — Indian Revenue Service
P. C. S. — Provincial Civil Service
M. E. S. — Military Engineering Service
Full Form Of Some technical Words
==============================
VIRUS - Vital Information Resource UnderSeized.
3G -3rd Generation.
GSM - Global System for Mobile Communication.
CDMA - Code Divison Multiple Access.
UMTS - Universal MobileTelecommunication System.
SIM - Subscriber Identity Module .
AVI = Audio Video Interleave
RTS = Real Time Streaming
SIS = Symbian OS Installer File
AMR = Adaptive Multi-Rate Codec
JAD = Java Application Descriptor
JAR = Java Archive
JAD = Java Application Descriptor
3GPP = 3rd Generation Partnership Project
3GP = 3rd Generation Project
MP3 = MPEG player lll
MP4 = MPEG-4 video file
AAC = Advanced Audio Coding
GIF= Graphic InterchangeableFormat
JPEG = Joint Photographic Expert Group
JPEG = Joint Photographic Expert Group
BMP = Bitmap
SWF = Shock Wave Flash
WMV = Windows Media Video
WMA = Windows Media Audio
WAV = Waveform Audio
PNG = Portable Network Graphics
DOC = Document (MicrosoftCorporation)
PDF = Portable Document Format
M3G = Mobile 3D Graphics
M4A = MPEG-4 Audio File
NTH = Nokia Theme (series 40)
THM = Themes (Sony Ericsson)
MMF = Synthetic Music Mobile Application File
NRT = Nokia Ringtone
XMF = Extensible Music File
WBMP = Wireless Bitmap Image
DVX = DivX Video
HTML = Hyper Text Markup Language
WML = Wireless Markup Language
CD -Compact Disk.
DVD - Digital Versatile Disk.
CRT - Cathode Ray Tube.
DAT - Digital Audio Tape.
DOS - Disk Operating System.
GUI -Graphical User Interface.
HTTP - Hyper Text Transfer Protocol.
IP - Internet Protocol.
ISP - Internet Service Provider.
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol.
UPS - UninterruptiblePower Supply.
HSDPA -High Speed Downlink PacketAccess.
EDGE - Enhanced Data Rate for
GSM- [GlobalSystem for Mobile Communication Evolution.
VHF - Very High Frequency.
UHF - Ultra High Frequency.
GPRS - General PacketRadio Service.
WAP - Wireless ApplicationProtocol.
TCP - Transmission ControlProtocol.
ARPANET - Advanced Research Project Agency Network.
IBM - International Business Machines.
HP - Hewlett Packard.

Dolphin stranded and saved twice in southeast

An injured dolphin beached in Fuding, southeast China's Fujian Province on Tuesday was saved, before being stranded once again. Luckily, it was saved once more by locals.

The 2-metre long, 100-kg dolphin was found stranded on a rock in the morning, howling and waving its tail as it sustained injuries from the rocks.

Offshore fishery workers inspected its injuries, after finding they were not serious, carried it to the beach. Here, locals gradually put it back in the ocean.

In the afternoon, the dolphin was found once again stranded. As the tide rose, local fishermen towed it back into the ocean.

This rock formation is called Al Naslaa. The uniform slit between the two standing stones and the flat faces are completely natural. Most likely the ground shifted slightly underneath one of the two supports and the rock split. Could be from a volcanic d**e of some weaker mineral that solidified there before everything was exhumed.

Credit: Saudi Archaeology

100-year-old Sex-mad tortoise saves his species from extinction

A sex-mad tortoise which is over 100 years old has single-handedly saved his species from extinction.
Diego has fathered 800 babies over the years, turning the tide for his species on the island of Espanola in the Galapagos islands, off the coast of South America.

Diego gets his name because he was brought to the Galapagos islands from San Diego Zoo in California in the 1960s
Diego is a Chelonoidis hoodensis, a species of Galapagos tortoise found in the wild only on Espanola.
The archipelago in the Pacific Ocean was made famous by Charles Darwin's studies of its breathtaking biodiversity.
Darwin's theories of the survival of the fittest have been underlined by the libidinous Diego who has steered his species back from the brink.

There were only two males and 12 females on the island 50 years ago before Diego
Diego now lives at a tortoise breeding centre on nearby Santa Cruz island where he is still mating with his harem of six females.
He weighs 82 kilograms (13 stone) and is nearly 90 centimetres (35 inches) long. '

Diego was found at the San Diego Zoo - hence his name - after Chelonoidis hoodensis was identified as a species and an international campaign was launched to find more of the rare tortoises.
'We don't know exactly how or when he arrived in the United States. He must have been taken from Espanola sometime between 1900 and 1959 by a scientific expedition,' said Tapia.
After being located at the zoo in California, Diego was brought back to the Galapagos in 1976 and put in the captive breeding program.
Little did scientists realize just how effective he was, until six years ago.
'We did a genetic study and we discovered that he was the father of nearly 40 percent of the offspring released into the wild on Espanola,' Tapia told AFP.
In all, around 2,000 tortoises have been released on the small island. Thanks to the program, the species is no longer facing extinction. (Mail online)

U should know about these terms. ..