work, work and work
06/05/2023
Growing up in a house full of books is major boost to literacy and numeracy, study finds Research data from 160,000 adults in 31 countries concludes that a sizeable home library gave teen school leavers skills equivalent to university graduates who didn’t read
"The Scientific Revolution has not been a revolution of knowledge. It has been above all a revolution of ignorance. The great discovery that
launched the Scientific Revolution was the discovery that humans do not know the answers to their most important questions."
~ Sapiens, A brief history of humankind - Noah Hararri
09/04/2023
Vincenz Czerny (1842-1916) with Dr. Levi Cooper Lane in surgical theatre.
Vincenz Czerny (1842-1916) was a German Bohemian surgeon whose main contributions were in the fields of oncological and gynecological surgery. In 1887 Czerny performed the first open partial nephrectomy for renal carcinoma.
Czerny made contributions to other surgical fields, including a new radical operation for inguinal hernia, a pyelolithotomy for kidney stone disease, and in 1879 performed the first total hysterectomy via the va**na.
"According to Psychologists, there are four types of Intelligence:
1) Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
2) Emotional Quotient (EQ)
3) Social Quotient (SQ)
4) Adversity Quotient (AQ)
1. Intelligence Quotient (IQ): this is the measure of your level of comprehension. You need IQ to solve maths, memorize things, and recall lessons.
2. Emotional Quotient (EQ): this is the measure of your ability to maintain peace with others, keep to time, be responsible, be honest, respect boundaries, be humble, genuine and considerate.
3. Social Quotient (SQ): this is the measure of your ability to build a network of friends and maintain it over a long period of time.
People that have higher EQ and SQ tend to go further in life than those with a high IQ but low EQ and SQ. Most schools capitalize on improving IQ levels while EQ and SQ are played down.
A man of high IQ can end up being employed by a man of high EQ and SQ even though he has an average IQ.
Your EQ represents your Character, while your SQ represents your Charisma. Give in to habits that will improve these three Qs, especially your EQ and SQ.
Now there is a 4th one, a new paradigm:
4. The Adversity Quotient (AQ): The measure of your ability to go through a rough patch in life, and come out of it without losing your mind.
When faced with troubles, AQ determines who will give up, who will abandon their family, and who will consider su***de.
Parents please expose your children to other areas of life than just Academics. They should adore manual labour (never use work as a form of punishment), Sports and Arts.
Develop their IQ, as well as their EQ, SQ and AQ. They should become multifaceted human beings able to do things independently of their parents.
Finally, do not prepare the road for your children. Prepare your children for the road."
Thanks for reading !
09/04/2023
"There is no friend as loyal as a book ."
~ Ernest Hemingway
کتاب جیسا وفادار کوئی دوست نہیں...!!!!
~ ارنیسٹ ہیمنگ وے
09/04/2023
What is Muhammad Bin Salman's vision for Saudi Arabia ?
The Inquiry - What is Mohammed bin Salman’s vision for Saudi Arabia? - BBC Sounds How is Saudi Arabia’s Crown Prince reforming its social and economic prospects?
12/05/2022
CSS Essay Paper !
Which essay you attempted ?
❇Planning For CSS?
》》》》》》》》》》
❇(Guidelines for Students planning to appear in css after completion of their graduation)
❇Things to Focus During Graduation
❇Great goals are achieved with great focus and consistent efforts. CSS is a competitive exam and in order to secure top positions, you need to plan your attampt. The sooner you start planning, the better it is. Graduation period is very crucial in this regard. Those students who aspire to join the most prestigious service in Pakistan usually keep this goal in sight when they are at graduation stage and seek admission to University.
❇Best Strategy:
Best strategy at this stage is to keep your long-term goal of CSS in mind when you select subjects for your graduation course. You should prefer those subjects that would in some way help you in your CSS attampt once you are done graduation.
❇Strong Educational Base:
Apart from subject selection, focusing on CSS during graduation demands that you obtain a strong educational base as it is a key factor for success in CSS. If you possess a good degree from any prestigious institution, it would help you not only in future job prospects but would also contribute a lot in your preparation for CSS.
❇Good Academic Habits:
During your graduation, you need to work on developing good academic habits that prove crucial at preparatory stage of CSS. You should Inculcate a habit of reading good textbooks. Especially select those books that are part of a successful serious, for these books have established their worth and esteem in academia.
❇Regular by study Newspaper:
A regular of newspaper is indispensable for CSS as it prepares a strong general knowledge base that serves as a foundation on which you develop you preparation for CSS.
❇Current Affairs Magazines:
In addition to newspaper, you should regularly peruse a couple of good current affairs magazines like Jahangir's World Times, Newsweek, Tribune, etc.
❇News channels: You should prefer watching BBC or CNN for world news rather than Urdu news channels for obtaining a better vocabulary of current issues.
❇Building an effective vocabulary:
Having a strong vocabulary is an essential prerequisite of success in CSS. There are different techniques for improvement of vocabulary. One, of course, is studying good newspapers, periodicals as well as watching foreign news channels. Another effective way is writing a daily diary. It helps you make a habit of using in your scripts the words you study.
❇Optional Subjects to focus in CSS
First of all you need to see which optional subject you intend to focus in CSS. It would be too early to make any sort of list but you should at least keep that in mind that these would be your options for CSS. For that you need to peruse the list of optional subjects.
❇This is obviously doesn't apply on professional degree students.
✔ International Relations
✔ Political Science
✔ Psyscology
✔ Geography
✔ History of Pakistan & India
✔ British History
✔ Islamic History & Culture
✔ Journalism
✔ Sociology
✔ Public Administration
✔ International Law
✔ Muslim Law & Jurisprudence
✔ Constitutional Law; and others
💎Best Optional Subjects for Doctors
© Psychology
© Zoology
© Indo-Pak / British History
© Geography
© Sociology
© Regional Language
(Sindhi, Pushto, Punjabi, Balochi)
💎Best Optional Subjects for Engineers
© Physics
© Applied Mathematics
© Indo-Pak / British History
© Geography
© Sociology
© Regional Language
(Sindhi, Pushto, Punjabi, Balochi)
💎Best Optional Subjects For Lawers
© International Law
© Constitutional Law
© Law
Indo-Pak / British History
© Mercantile Law
© Political Science
© Muslim Law & Jurisprudence
© Geography
© Regional Languages (Sindhi, Pushto, Punjabi, Balochi)
💎Best Optional Subjects for Business Graduates
© Business Administration
© Accounting & Auditing
© Geography
© Mercantile Law
© Statistics
© Regional Languages
(Sindhi, Pushto, Punjabi, Balochi)
💎Best Optional Subjects For General Graduates
© International Relations
© International Law
© Us History
© Gender Study / Sociology
Regional Languages
(Sindhi, Pushto, Punjabi, Balochi)
💎Essential Of Subject Selection
✔ It must be your Decision
✔ Perusal Of Subject
✔ Pervious Background Of Subject
✔ It helps with General Knowledge
✔ Fits Well in Your Combination
✔ Books/Reading Material Available
✔ Proper Guidance for Study
🌴Best Courses For Optional Subjects
(For Graduation Students)
🌿This List comprises graduation courses that would help you in preparation for Optional subjects once you complete your graduation and start preparing for CSS.
✔ Mass Communication
✔ History
✔ Social Work / Science
✔ Public Administration / Human Resource Management
(MPA & MBA-HRM)
✔ Business Administration studies (BBA & MBA)
✔Law (LLB)
✔ Political Science
✔ International Relations
✔ Geographical Sciences
💎Best Courses for General Knowledge
There are certain courses that are helpful in improving your general knowledge. Courses like History, Political Science, International Relations are such courses which help build a strong knowledge base for candidates.
🔄How to Improve English Language?
💦Improving English Language is imperative for success in CSS. Not only that the very initial couple of papers -English Essay and Precis & Composition - filter out most of the candidates not well versed with English writing skills, the candidates are also required to attampt all papers in English language. Having a good English grammatical foundation is indispensable in this regard.
💦The most way to improve understanding of English Grammar is to study and acquaint oneself with rules of English grammar. A very useful book to learn basic rules of English Grammar in Use's by Raymond Murphy. It contains grammar rules with exercises to help you find out and correct your mistakes.
💦A very popular book on CSS English is 'Discovering the World of English' published by JBD press. It helps candidates prepare for examination by focusing specially on English Precis & Composition paper. Following guidelines would help you improve your writing skills.
💦Reading: Read, read and read is the rule for improving your writing skills. Give at least a couple of hours daily to reading books.
💦Quality Books: Try to read books written by foreign authors who are native English speakers.
💦Articles: Regularly read articles on topics of your interest.
💦Newspaper: Reading newspaper regularly is a must
💦News: Try to follow English news bullentins. It would enrich your current affairs vocabulary.
💦English-only: Make a habit and read English, write English, converse in English. It would automatically enable you to start thinking in English.
💦Notes-making: Take notes while reading articles or listening to current affairs programmes.
💦Dictionary: Maintain a personalized dictionary. Note down words that you find interesting and write their synonyms as well. This habit would give you a useful collection of words and phrases to be used in your scripts.
💦Chat Rooms & Blogs: Try to engage in chat forums. In such forums, you have to respond quickly which sharpness your thought Process. Moreover, you learn from others' argumentation.
💦Public Speaking: Always look for chances to speak in a group or in front of class. It helps you as you prepare yourself for such occasions and rectify your mistakes through internal feedback.
💦Revising your write-ups: Make a habit of editing your scripts. Take help of dictionary and thesaurus and do not hesitate to substitute your phrases and word with more suitable ones. Even if you have to rewrite the whole script, do it.
💦Guidance: It is important to get your work checked by someone well versed with basic rules of English grammar.
💦Constructive Criticism: Always be open to positive criticism for there is always a room for improvement.
➡Command over English Language
🔃If you ask me one thing that guarantees failure in CSS examination weak English language skills. Having good writing skills is imperative for clearing all papers in CSS.
⬆In the perspective of CSS examination, 'good English writing skills' means that you are able to produce a clear, grammatical, logical argument to answer a question in paper. In a generalized sense, CSS is not the place to be innovative or poetic. It is generally not required here. Your script should be clear, clean and correct. It should display your knowledge and manifest your ideas.
➡CSS thus demands that you display your command over English language in following aspects:
➡Basic Grammar: write grammatically error-free scripts. English essay and Composition papers usually filter candidates from grammatical perspective.
🔄The examiners of these papers always have an obsessive interest in grammar & spelling. They would judge your papers not only for the ideas that you want to share but also the way you share those ideas.
🔄If you fail to put up an effort free enough from grammatical errors to obscure your arguments, you are likely to fail these papers.
➡Reasonable vocabulary: the other important aspect is that you are required to have a reasonably wide range of vocabulary to express your ideas in a clear and Precise manner.
🔄Some candidates try to learn the whole GRE words by heart. It does help in some way but that is not essential for you in this exam.
🔄You need to have a working vocabulary that may enable you to understand a good newspapers and you should be able to make use of those common words in order to express your point effectively.
➡Effective communication: is another essential of success in CSS. In this exam, you are required to communicate your message in a comprehendible manner.
🔄There is absolutely no requirement of verbosity or jargon. It simply demands that you provide the requisite information in a precise, complete and candid way with clarity of thought.
🔄When to start Studying for CSS?
💦It is advisable to keep a doing a gradual study during your graduation. Once you are free from academics, you may start an all-out preparation. Give yourself at least 6 months of preparation before planning an attempt.
How to read newspaper for CSS?
Do you have a doubt regarding why and how to read the newspaper for CSS exam or how to read DAWN or ‘The Nation’ ? This article explains everything you need to know about reading the newspaper for CSS exam.
Firstly we need to ask six basic questions:
1) Why read Newspapers ?
2) What to read in a Newspaper ?
3) How to read Newspapers ?
4) What news to avoid for CSS preparation?
5) How to make notes from newspaper?
6) How much time should be devoted to newspaper reading?
Stay with us. We are going to answer each question one by one.
WHY READ NEWSPAPER?
Newspaper reading is the ‘heart and soul’ of CSS preparation. Reading good newspapers is considered an indispensable tool to prepare for the CSS examination. The importance of newspaper can’t be more emphasized as it helps in both compulsory and optional subjects. The quality material that a person can get from newspaper has no parallel and this valuable information can easily be reproduced in Essay, Pakistan Affairs, Current Affairs, Islamiat, International Affairs, Political Science or any other paper. The statistics, quotes, opinions, facts and figures quoted in the newspaper are the latest ones and reading them saves a lot of time as you can easily note them down while reading paper instead of searching them on Google separately. Reading newspaper will help you to develop your opinion. It will bring continuity and understanding in your thoughts. It will assist you in developing canvas of thoughts – thought process development. Your vocabulary will be improved by reading newspaper. Apart from that, it is also an excellent habit that will go a long way in making you a well-informed, socially aware and sensitive human being.
Difference Between Reading Newspaper for CSS and Casual Reading:
You must have read the newspaper occasionally or must be reading a newspaper on daily basis. But how is newspaper reading for CSS exam different from casual newspaper reading?
While reading the newspaper for the casual purpose we don’t have any defined objective other than gaining knowledge of the previous day’s news and the important socioeconomic developments that affect our daily lives. Additionally, newspapers serve as an entertainment source.
But while reading the newspaper for the CSS exam, we have certain pre-defined objectives to achieve:
1) Gain knowledge of the important current affairs
2) Develop insights into the current social, political and economic issues
3) Keep a record of the relevant facts and figures
It is with these objectives in mind you should approach newspaper reading for the CSS
exam.
What TO READ IN A NEWSPAPER?
Now moving on to the “WHAT” part. For beginners, DAWN newspaper is recommended because of its unbiased opinions. The portions that you need to read include:
Front and Back page to know about the current national events.
You need to quickly run through these. You can read news in detail for important one, and just go through heading for non-important one. For example, news related to national, international and business and economy should be given priority here. News like “Supreme Court forms JIT to probe Rs 35 billion mega corruption case” can be skipped because the process to find out corruption has not concluded yet.
In national news, always focus on the implications of an event. For instance, if there is a massive railway mishap, focus on why it happened and how the country is lacking in a comprehensive disaster management plan. You don’t have to remember the precise number of deaths. The same goes for natural calamities. In this case, also read about the geography behind the calamities.
Editorials and Opinions to develop your own opinions regarding all national and international events..
Read editorials and opinions carefully and keenly. They have a great importance in building your thinking and perceptions. These are important for widening your knowledge base, improving language skills, understanding key issues, etc. This section is very useful for English Essay, Current Affairs, Pakistan Affairs and Islamiat.
When you first start to read the editorial it will not make much sense to you, but this is OK. Over a few days of reading you will be able to catch the conversation and from then on editorial reading will be a pleasurable activity for you.
You can even take an article from the op-eds and make its précis daily, this activity will help you in both Current Affairs and English as it will improve your written expression.
The Friday Article in Dawn newspaper helps a lot in Islamiat paper as it helps in formulating a reasonable opinion on pertinent religious issues.
The International pages to stay in touch with International Affairs (As majority of you now have either IR or Political Science so these pages are a must-read).
From this section, pay special attention on the news related to the IMF, the World Bank, the United Nations, European Union and other international and regional organizations like Saarc, Asean, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Economic Cooperation Organization, Asian Development Bank, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. Pakistan’s role in them should also be read.
Read carefully the news from countries like the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany France, Russia, China, Iran, India, and Middle Eastern countries. Take down facts related to conflicts, national elections, regional treaties, global meetings and their agendas, etc. Also, keep noting down facts related to Pakistan’s foreign relations, economic ties, political conflicts, bilateral and multilateral relations, etc.
Focus on the visits of the Prime Minister or President. The treaties and agreements signed on such bilateral visits.
The business page to stay in loop with the state of global economy; Monday’s supplement on economy is very helpful to get an understanding on economic issues of Pakistan (This one is especially important for those who have Economics or Business Administration as one of their optional)
Finally, in Sunday’s “Images”, articles by Nadeem Paracha, Anjum Niaz and Mubarak Ali are very well-written as they are well researched and cover a lot of topics like social issues, terrorism, national security issues etc.
Now after reading this stuff if your mind gets overburdened you may take a tea break and read your horoscope on the metropolitan leisure page; you’ll get to know that your future is bright and something great is going to happen
HOW TO READ NEWSPAPER?
Newspaper reading is a very important part of CSS preparation, but, at the same time, an aspirant cannot afford to spend too much time in reading newspaper. Given below are 9 tips which will help you in reading newspaper precisely yet without wasting much time:
First thing, get acquainted to CSS syllabus thoroughly. CSS is more about streamlined preparations. Once you are fully acquainted to CSS syllabus, it would be easy to filter the news and Newspaper. When you read the newspaper, you would know what is related to the syllabus and what is not.
Now while reading the newspaper, switch on your filter in your mind and Read only the exam-relevant articles and editorials. You will see, you are able to filter unnecessary news (political mudslinging, robbery, pick pocketing etc.). Newspaper reading for CSS is more about connecting the dots w.r.t. to CSS syllabus. Always keep this thing in mind.
Don’t worry. In the initial stages, we feel as if everything is important but with time, you’ll get hang of it and be more experienced.
Your goal is more important than your interest when it comes to reading the newspaper. It is easy to get tempted to read about a favorite topic or person featured in the newspaper but all this takes away precious time from your hands. Remember you are reading the paper with the aim of clearing CSS exam.
Many people waste their time on the other pages and they get exhausted till they reach the editorials and opinion pages, which are the most important ones. Follow the above guidelines and you wouldn’t be exhausted.
Editorial/Opinion pages look bulky and huge to read, so mostly people procrastinate reading the editorial. Trust me! Procrastination will not help you at all.
Avoid multitasking while reading a newspaper. Many candidates think reading a newspaper is an act of formality or some sort of an obligation upon them to just read it. And so, many a times we find candidates going through the newspapers in a crowded places with noise of all sorts around, or while hanging out with friends etc. Effectively reading the newspaper also means to gain maximum in the minimum amount of time. So, pay attention to what you are reading and concentrate fully, in order to learn a thing or two.
Reading a Newspaper should not be accidental, that you just happen to read it because you found a newspaper lying on the table somewhere, rather, it must be a deliberate effort. A conscious read is different than a distracted read. You must concentrate on the pieces of news that you read, analyze it, ponder about it, connect it to the precious news articles which you might have read some time earlier.
Underline the difficult word/vocabulary, phrases or idioms you come across and google it and write it down in your diary or notebook.
You’re almost done. Repeat all steps each day.
WHAT NEWS TO AVOID FOR CSS PREPARATION?
Entertainment news.
Avoid all ‘masala’ news items.
Press conferences by political parties.
Political news like an X-party member blames a person of another party for taking bribes, etc.
The sports section. FPSC rarely asks any question related to sports. One can cover those areas from the magazines or any General Knowledge book.
You can skip Letters to the Editor section on opinion page.
Misc/Advertisement pages.
HOW TO MAKE NOTES FORM NEWSPAPER?
Now, we’ll tell you about “How to make notes from Newspaper” from examination point of view. It is very important to take notes of newspaper, because CSS preparation is a long preparation and you’ll be reading newspaper for months before exams but you won’t be able to recall and revise whatever you read topic unless you have made your own newspaper notes daily. Given below are the tips which will help you in making notes:
You can go for online or offline mode for note making, whichever mode you feel convenient.
For revising some articles you may cut them and save those clippings in a folder or you may paste those articles on a register.
You may make separate segments in that register and label them as:
“National events: you can make further breakdown like {national security issues, water crises, governance issues, criminal justice system reforms, CPEC progress, Progress on Panama Inquiry etc.}”
“International events {American Economic crisis, BREXIT, America after Donald Trump, Middle Eastern fiasco, South China Sea Disputes, War on Terror and IS, Rise of China and OBOR, Paris Climate Deal, etc.}
“Economy {Global financial crisis, Foreign Aid, Tax Avoidance and tax havens, Rise of new economies like BRICS etc.}
“Geography {food and agriculture Issues, climate change and global warming, etc.}
“Social Issues”
“Friday Articles” and so on.
Same technique can be followed for online mode for note making. This technique will help you in making and revising notes and it will also ease your preparation.
When you read an article, try to summarize it in one line and write that on top of it. Now whenever you feel like revising any topic you may take the clipped articles on that particular topic. It will save a lot of your time.
Look out for certain useful information such as, names of Presidents, Important dates, some vocabulary items etc. You could even extract useful phrases, idioms , quotations and impressive sentences to be used as headings in your answers. Write all these in your notebook.
In order to read a newspaper effectively, you can have a set of different colored markers/pens. Underline important Vocabulary items/phrases with one Pen (say Black), and Underline all the useful information such as Names, places, dates, events etc. with another pen (say Blue). You could also use a Highlighter to mark any important saying, quotation or headings.
Your notes should be crisp and relevant. You don’t have to go in-depth in most cases. For example, you don’t have to remember every name and number that figures in articles related to a particular scam. You only have to understand the basic problem, the key figures and people involved, the policy/law related to it, and the implications of the same for the country and society.
Try to make notes in bullet-points.
When you make notes out of the newspaper articles and editorials, write in your own words. Keep it simple and easy to learn.
Last but not the least, don’t forget to revise the notes the same next day before you start making notes for another day. Do a weekly & monthly revision.
This way you will have a whole data base of highly impressive ad useful knowledge, examples, facts, figures, vocabulary etc. and by the end of the year you would have made your own special notes and you can circumvent all Dogars, Ilmis, Cram Series and JWT stuff.
HOW MUCH TIME SHOULD BE DEVOTED TO NEWSPAPER READING?
Ideally, you should not devote more than 70-80 minutes to newspaper reading daily. Because, in CSS preparation students need to read other books and materials on daily basis and devoting too much time to reading the newspaper will leave you with little time to prepare the other subjects. So, 70-80 minutes are sufficient to cover the sections mentioned in the preceding paras..
During initial days of preparation, students will read more news and consume lot of time in newspaper reading but this is OK. Over a few days of reading you will be able to catch the conversation and from then on it will be a pleasurable activity for you and you will be able to read it in less time.
END NOTE:
Now you have a good idea about how to read the newspaper for CSS exam. Just repeat all the process every day till exams and believe me, hard work never gets wasted and you’ll be rewarded by Allah Almighty In Sha Allah!
Apprehend (verb) پکڑنا، حراست میں لینا
Coercion (noun) زبردستی ، زور، جبر
Assess (verb) تخمینہ لگانا، اندازہ لگانا، قدرپیمائی کرنا
Finite (adjective) محدود، متناہی
Grotesque (adjective) بھدی شکل، بگڑی ہوئی شکل، بے جوڑ
Marvellous (adjective) لش پش، بہت ہی اچھا، انوکھا، کمال کا
Deprived (adjective) معزول ، برطرف کرنا، چھیننا
Pitfall (noun) اچانک مشکل میں پڑنا، دھوکے کی جگہ
Obstacle (noun) روک، رکاوٹ
Parley (noun) جواب و سوال کرنا، قول و قرار کرنا، شرط
Infidel بے دین ۔ مُلجِد ۔ بے ایمان ۔ کافِر
Miser کَنجُوس ۔ بخیل ۔
Misery مفلسی، کمبختی، بد قسمتی
Parior اُطاق ۔ نشست گاہ ۔
Thrift کفایت شعاری
Naive معصُومانہ۔ سادہ مِزاج۔
Cunning چالاکی۔ قابلیّت۔ مَکّاری،
Narrow -Minded کم ظرف, تنگ نظر ,
Amalgamate آمیزش ہونا - یَک جا کَرنا
Apathetic مردہ دل
Paucity اِختصار ۔چھوٹی تعداد ۔قِلت
Abundance کثرت - فَراوانی
Binding لازمی واجب
1. Ruthlessness رحمی . سنگدلی
2. Ire غضب غُصّہ . برہمی
3. Byword. ضرب المثل
4. Folk خلق- لوگ
5. Wisdom دانائی ۔ حِکمَت ۔ عقَلمَندی
6. Excessive حد سے زیادہ
7. Furious غُصّے میں بھَرا ہُوا ۔ بَرہَم
8. Simulacrum تمثال- شبيہ
9. Unrest چینی ۔ تَشویش ۔ ہَلچَل
10. Inflame بھڑکانا، جوش میں لانا
*Today's Vocabulary 18.01.2022*
1. Solidify ٹھوس بنانا
2. Cognizant آگاہ۔ واقف۔ محرم ہونا
3. Browbeat ہراساں کرنا۔ دھونس جمانا
4. Portray کردار کشی کرنا۔ تصویر کشی کرنا
5. Behest ایماء۔ حکم
6. Intimidation ڈر۔ دہشت۔ رکاوٹ
7. Linguistic لسانیت
8. Dissent اختلاف رائے
9. Erode کاٹ دینا۔ کسی چیز کو کھا جانا
10. Plight خطرناک صورتحال
11. Thwart ناکام بنا دینا۔ رکاوٹ
12. Subliminal عروج پر