Matlab Latex softwares

https://youtu.be/RJeOicz_v8k

Create Advanced Tables in LaTeX | Multirow, Rotate Text & Custom Columns Learn how to create professional, multi-level tables in LaTeX using the multirow, array, and tcolorbox packages!In this tutorial, we’ll go step by step throu...

\documentclass[english,12pt,a4paper]{report}
\usepackage[ left=5mm, right=5mm, top=10mm, bottom=15mm]{geometry}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsthm}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{circuitikz}
\definecolor{col1}{RGB}{204, 229, 255}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1]
\draw[ line width=1pt,fill=col1](7,1.4)--(7,3.3)--(2.6,1.4);
\begin{axis}[
axis lines = middle,
xmin = -10, xmax = 10,
ymin = -2, ymax = 10,
xlabel = x,
ylabel = y,
xtick=\empty,
ytick=\empty,
samples=100,
domain=-6:6,
width=12cm,
height=8cm,
enlargelimits
]
\addplot [black, thick] {-(2/9)*x^2 + 8};

\end{axis}
\node[ line width=1pt,below] at (2.6,1.4) { B(-6;0)};
\node[ line width=1pt,below] at (8.5,1.4) { A(6;0)};
\node[ line width=1pt,below] at (6.8,1.4) { H(x;0)};
\node[ line width=1pt,above right] at (7,3.3) { P(x;y)};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

\documentclass[english,12pt,a4paper]{report}
\usepackage[ left=5mm, right=5mm, top=10mm, bottom=15mm]{geometry}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsthm}

\usepackage{circuitikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1]
\draw[ line width=1pt](0,4)--(0,-4);
\draw[line width=1pt](6,4)--(6,-4);
\draw[line width=1pt](1.5,4)--(1.5,-4);
\draw[line width=1pt](4.5,4)--(4.5,-4);
\draw[line width=1pt](0,0)--(6,0);
\draw[line width=1pt](1.5,1)--(4.5,1);
\draw[line width=1pt](0,4)--(6,4);
\draw[line width=1pt](0,-4)--(6,-4);
\draw[line width=1pt](0,-3)--(6,-3);
\draw[,brown,line width=1pt, >=latex](6.3,4)--(6.3,-4);
\node[ right,brown,line width=1pt,brown] at (6.3,0) { $48$~cm};
\draw[,brown,line width=1pt, >=latex](0,-4.3)--(6,-4.3);
\node[below,brown,line width=1pt,brown] at (3,-4.3) { $ 35$~cm};
\draw[,brown,line width=1pt, >=latex](0.1,-2.7)--(1.4,-2.7);
\node[above,brown,line width=1pt,brown] at (0.8,-2.7) { $h$};
\draw[,brown,line width=1pt, >=latex](1.6,-2.7)--(4.4,-2.7);
\node[above,brown,line width=1pt,brown] at (3,-2.7) { $L$};
\draw[,brown,line width=1pt, >=latex](4.7,-2.9)--(4.7,-0.1);
\node[right,brown,line width=1pt,brown] at (4.7,-1.5) { $l$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

\documentclass[english,12pt,a4paper]{report}
\usepackage[ left=5mm, right=5mm, top=10mm, bottom=15mm]{geometry}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsthm}

\usepackage{circuitikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}

% ==== Vertical Black Slits or Absorbers ====
\draw[fill=black!60,ultra thick] (-0.1,5)--(0.2,5)--(0.2,3)--(-0.1,3)--cycle;
\draw[fill=black!60,ultra thick] (-0.1,2.5)--(0.2,2.5)--(0.2,-2.5)--(-0.1,-2.5)--cycle;
\draw[fill=black!60,ultra thick] (-0.1,-3)--(0.2,-3)--(0.2,-5)--(-0.1,-5)--cycle;

% ==== Yellow and Orange Path Boundaries (rays) ====
\draw[line width=3pt,yellow!100]
(-6,1)--(0,2.75)--(8,-0.3)--(0,-2.75)--(-6,1); % Yellow beam loop
\draw[line width=3pt,orange!100]
(-6,0)--(0,2.75)--(8,1)--(0,-2.75)--(-6,0); % Orange beam loop

% ==== Main Reference Lines ====
\draw[ultra thick](-6,1)--(8,1); % Horizontal top path (Q' to P)
\draw[ultra thick](-6,0)--(8,1); % Diagonal lower path (Q to P)

% ==== Key Points and Labels ====
\node[ultra thick] at (-6,1) {$\bullet$};
\node[ultra thick,left] at (-6,1) {$Q^{'}$}; % Upper source
\node[ultra thick,left] at (-6,0) {$Q$}; % Lower source
\node[ultra thick] at (-6,0) {$\bullet$};
\node[ultra thick] at (8,1) {$\bullet$};
\node[ultra thick,above left] at (8,1.1) {$P$}; % Upper detector
\node[ultra thick,below left] at (8,-0.4) {$P^{'}$}; % Lower detector
\node[ultra thick] at (8,-0.3) {$\bullet$};

% ==== Vertical Detector Plane at P ====
\draw[ultra thick](8.05,6.5)--(8.05,-6.); % Vertical line at x = 8

% ==== Vertical Spacing Measurement (a_c) ====
\draw[,>=latex,ultra thick](-7,1)--(-7,0);
\node[ultra thick,left] at (-7,0.5) {$a_c$}; % Vertical separation between Q and Q'

% ==== Angle θ Arc ====
\draw[ultra thick] (-3,0.2) .. controls (-2.9,0.6) .. (-3,1);
\node[ultra thick,left] at (-3.2,0.65) {\Large$\theta$};

% ==== Intensity Direction Arrow and Label ====
\draw[->,>=latex,ultra thick](8,-5.5)--(11,-5.5);
\node[ultra thick,above left] at (11,-5.5) {\Large$I$};

% ==== Sine Waves Representing Two Paths ====
\begin{scope}[shift={(8.9,-3.5)}, rotate=90, scale=0.75]
\draw[domain=0:8*pi, samples=200, smooth, variable=\x, line width=3pt, orange]
plot ({\x/2}, {0.99*sin(deg(\x))});
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[shift={(8.9,-5.)}, rotate=90, scale=0.75]
\draw[domain=0:8*pi, samples=200, smooth, variable=\x, line width=3pt, yellow]
plot ({\x/2}, {0.99*sin(deg(\x))});
\end{scope}

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

\documentclass[english,12pt,a4paper]{report}
\usepackage[ left=5mm, right=5mm, top=10mm, bottom=15mm]{geometry}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsthm}

\usepackage{circuitikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}

% ==== Vertical blocks (absorbers/barriers) ====
\draw[fill=black!30,ultra thick] (-0.2,5)--(0.2,5)--(0.2,2)--(-0.2,2)--cycle;
\draw[fill=black!30,ultra thick] (-0.2,1.5)--(0.2,1.5)--(0.2,-1.5)--(-0.2,-1.5)--cycle;
\draw[fill=black!30,ultra thick] (-0.2,-2)--(0.2,-2)--(0.2,-5)--(-0.2,-5)--cycle;

% ==== Main black and green lines indicating two waves ====
\draw[ultra thick] (0,1.75)--(15.5,3.5); % Black signal line
\draw[ultra thick,green] (0,-1.75)--(15,3.5); % Green signal line

% ==== Key point labeled P ====
\node[ultra thick] at (14.95,3.45) {\Huge$\bullet$}; % P point
\node[ultra thick,above right] at (15,3.5) {\Large$P$};

% ==== Directional slanted lines ====
\draw[ultra thick] (15,3.5)--(15.7,2); % From P downward
\draw[ultra thick] (10.4,1.8)--(11,0.3); % Mid segment slope
\draw[ultra thick] (4.7,0)--(5.3,-1.65); % Starting segment slope

% ==== Distance markers with labels ====
\draw[,>=latex,ultra thick](15.25,2.65)--(10.85,1.1); % Delta s arrow
\node[ultra thick,below] at (14,1.7) {\Large$\Delta s > L_c$};

\draw[,>=latex,ultra thick](5.1,-0.85)--(10.6,1.); % Lc arrow
\node[ultra thick,below] at (8.25,0.1) {\Large$L_{c}$};

% ========== First Sine Wave (black) ==========
% From (0,1.75) to (15.5,3.5)

% Define start and end points for slanted black wave
\def\xA{0}
\def\yA{1.75}
\def\xB{15.5}
\def\yB{3.5}

% Compute unit vector and normal vector
\pgfmathsetmacro{\dx}{\xB - \xA}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\dy}{\yB - \yA}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\L}{sqrt(\dx*\dx + \dy*\dy)}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\ux}{\dx/\L}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\uy}{\dy/\L}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\nx}{-\uy}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\ny}{\ux}

% Draw slanted base line
\draw[ultra thick] (\xA,\yA) -- (\xB,\yB);

% Draw sine wave with crests then troughs (positive phase)
\draw[domain=10.:16., samples=300, smooth, line width=3pt]
plot ({
\xA + \ux*\x + 0.6*\nx*sin(deg(2*pi*\x/2))
},
{
\yA + \uy*\x + 0.6*\ny*sin(deg(2*pi*\x/2))
});

% ========== Second Sine Wave (green) ==========
% From (0,-1.75) to (15,3.5)

% Redefine start and end points for green wave
\def\xA{0}
\def\yA{-1.75}
\def\xB{15}
\def\yB{3.5}

% Compute unit vector and normal again
\pgfmathsetmacro{\dx}{\xB - \xA}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\dy}{\yB - \yA}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\L}{sqrt(\dx*\dx + \dy*\dy)}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\ux}{\dx/\L}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\uy}{\dy/\L}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\nx}{-\uy}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\ny}{\ux}

% Draw slanted green base line
\draw[ultra thick, green] (\xA,\yA) -- (\xB,\yB);

% Draw sine wave with inverted phase (troughs then crests)
\draw[domain=5.:11, samples=300, smooth, line width=3pt, green]
plot ({
\xA + \ux*\x - 0.6*\nx*sin(deg(2*pi*\x/2))
},
{
\yA + \uy*\x - 0.6*\ny*sin(deg(2*pi*\x/2))
});

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

\documentclass[english,12pt,a4paper]{report}
\usepackage[ left=5mm, right=5mm, top=10mm, bottom=15mm]{geometry}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsthm}

\usepackage{circuitikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}

% ==== Vertical black blocks (representing barriers or layers) ====
\draw[fill=black!30,ultra thick](-0.2,5)--(0.2,5)--(0.2,2)--(-0.2,2)--cycle;
\draw[fill=black!30,ultra thick](-0.2,1.5)--(0.2,1.5)--(0.2,-1.5)--(-0.2,-1.5)--cycle;
\draw[fill=black!30,ultra thick](-0.2,-2)--(0.2,-2)--(0.2,-5)--(-0.2,-5)--cycle;

% ==== Node at point P ====
\node[ultra thick] at (15,1) {\Huge$\bullet$};

% ==== Thick lines from P and nearby points ====
\draw[ultra thick](15,1)--(15.1,-1.5); % Vertical from P downward
\draw[ultra thick](16.1,3)--(16,1)--(16.1,-1.5); % Point 16,1 joins top/bottom
\draw[ultra thick](10,1.3)--(10,3.5); % Vertical line from x=10

% ==== First wave setup: horizontal sine wave (orange) ====
\def\dx{16}
\def\dy{-0.75}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\L}{sqrt(\dx*\dx + \dy*\dy)}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\ux}{\dx/\L}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\uy}{\dy/\L}

% Perpendicular vector (normal): (-uy, ux)
\pgfmathsetmacro{\nx}{-\uy}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\ny}{\ux}

% Draw horizontal base line
\draw[ultra thick] (0,1.75) -- (16,1);

% Sine wave propagating horizontally with perpendicular oscillation
\draw[domain=10:\L, samples=300, smooth, line width=3pt]
plot ({
\ux*\x + 0.6*\nx*sin(deg(2*pi*\x/2))
},
{
\uy*\x + 1.75 + 0.6*\ny*sin(deg(2*pi*\x/2))
});

% ==== Second wave setup: green wave on slanted line ====

% Define start and end points for green wave
\def\xA{0}
\def\yA{-1.75}
\def\xB{15.1}
\def\yB{0.5}

% Compute direction vector
\pgfmathsetmacro{\dx}{\xB - \xA}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\dy}{\yB - \yA}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\L}{sqrt(\dx*\dx + \dy*\dy)}

% Unit vector along the line
\pgfmathsetmacro{\ux}{\dx/\L}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\uy}{\dy/\L}

% Perpendicular unit vector
\pgfmathsetmacro{\nx}{-\uy}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\ny}{\ux}

% Draw base green slanted line
\draw[ultra thick, green] (\xA,\yA) -- (\xB,\yB);

% Draw green inverted sine wave (perpendicular to slanted line)
\draw[domain=9:\L, samples=300, smooth, line width=3pt, green]
plot ({
\xA + \ux*\x - 0.6*\nx*sin(deg(2*pi*\x/2))
},
{
\yA + \uy*\x - 0.6*\ny*sin(deg(2*pi*\x/2))
});

% ==== Label and distance arrows ====

% Horizontal measurement arrow for L_c (length of coherence)
\draw[,>=latex,ultra thick](10,2.3)--(16.05,2);
\node[ ultra thick,above ] at (13,2.2) { \Large$L_{c}$};

% Point label at P
\node[ ultra thick,above ] at (15,3) {\Large$P$};

% Lower distance arrow and label for Δs < Lc
\draw[,>=latex,ultra thick](15,-1.1)--(16.05,-1.1);
\node[ ultra thick,below ] at (15.5,-1.7) {\Large$\Delta s < L_c$};

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

\documentclass[english,12pt,a4paper]{report}
\usepackage[ left=5mm, right=5mm, top=10mm, bottom=15mm]{geometry}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsthm}

\usepackage{circuitikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}

% ==== Main Gray/Black Block on Left ====
\draw[fill=black!30,ultra thick]
(0,-1)--(0,1)--(2,1)--(2.5,1.5)--(2.5,-1.5)--(2,-1)--(0,-1);

% ==== Yellow Slanted Region (filled and outlined) ====
% Filled with yellow color (semi-transparent) behind the waves
\fill[yellow!60,dashed,ultra thick]
(2.5,1.5)--(17.5,3.5)--(17.5,-3.5)--(2.5,-1.5);

% Outline of the slanted yellow region
\draw[yellow,dashed,ultra thick]
(2.5,1.5)--(17.5,3.5)--(17.5,-3.5)--(2.5,-1.5);

% ==== First Orange Wave (Top Left) ====
\begin{scope}[shift={(2.7,0.5)}, rotate=15, scale=0.5]
\draw[domain=0:6*pi, samples=200, smooth, variable=\x, line width=3pt, orange]
plot ({\x/2}, {0.9*sin(deg(\x))});
\end{scope}

% ==== Second Orange Wave (Bottom Left) ====
\begin{scope}[shift={(3,-0.5)}, rotate=-15, scale=0.5]
\draw[domain=0:6*pi, samples=200, smooth, variable=\x, line width=3pt, orange]
plot ({\x/2}, {0.9*sin(deg(\x))});
\end{scope}

% ==== Third Orange Wave (Top Middle Right) ====
\begin{scope}[shift={(12.,2)}, rotate=5, scale=0.5]
\draw[domain=0:6*pi, samples=200, smooth, variable=\x, line width=3pt, orange]
plot ({\x/2}, {0.9*sin(deg(\x))});
\end{scope}

% ==== Fourth Orange Wave (Middle Lower Right) ====
\begin{scope}[shift={(11.3,-0.5)}, rotate=-15, scale=0.5]
\draw[domain=0:6*pi, samples=200, smooth, variable=\x, line width=3pt, orange]
plot ({\x/2}, {0.9*sin(deg(\x))});
\end{scope}

% ==== Fifth Orange Wave (Middle Right) ====
\begin{scope}[shift={(12.6,1.1)}, rotate=-15, scale=0.5]
\draw[domain=0:6*pi, samples=200, smooth, variable=\x, line width=3pt, orange]
plot ({\x/2}, {0.9*sin(deg(\x))});
\end{scope}

% ==== Sixth Orange Wave (Middle Center) ====
\begin{scope}[shift={(7.7,0.5)}, rotate=5, scale=0.5]
\draw[domain=0:6*pi, samples=200, smooth, variable=\x, line width=3pt, orange]
plot ({\x/2}, {0.9*sin(deg(\x))});
\end{scope}

% ==== Seventh Orange Wave (Bottom Center) ====
\begin{scope}[shift={(8.7,-1.3)}, rotate=-15, scale=0.5]
\draw[domain=0:6*pi, samples=200, smooth, variable=\x, line width=3pt, orange]
plot ({\x/2}, {0.9*sin(deg(\x))});
\end{scope}

% ==== Length Indicator Arrow ====
\draw[,>=latex,ultra thick](7.5,1.2)--(12.5,1.7);
\node[ ultra thick,above ] at (9.5,1.45) { \Large$L_{c}$}; % Label for Lc

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

\documentclass[english,12pt,a4paper]{report}
\usepackage[ left=5mm, right=5mm, top=10mm, bottom=15mm]{geometry}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsthm}

\usepackage{circuitikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}

% Draw vertical axis A(t)
\draw[->,>=latex,ultra thick](0,-4)--(0,4);

% Draw horizontal time axis t
\draw[->,>=latex,ultra thick](-0.5,0)--(15,0);

% Draw red wave using Bézier curves
\draw[line width=3pt, red]
(0,0)
.. controls (0.1,0) and (0.6,2) .. (1,2)
.. controls (1.8,2) and (2.2,-2) .. (3,-2)
.. controls (3.8,-2) and (4.2,2) .. (5,2)
.. controls (5.8,2) and (6.2,-2) .. (7,-2)
.. controls (7.8,-2) and (8.2,2) .. (9,2)
.. controls (9.8,2) and (10.2,-2) .. (11,-2)
.. controls (11.3,-2) and (11.9,0) .. (12,0);

% Draw blue wave starting at (1.3,0)
\draw[,line width=3pt, blue]
(1.3,0)
.. controls (1.3,0) and (2.1,2) .. (2.5,2)
.. controls (3.3,2) and (3.7,-2) .. (4.5,-2)
.. controls (5.3,-2) and (5.7,2) .. (6.5,2)
.. controls (7.3,2) and (7.7,-2) .. (8.5,-2)
.. controls (9.3,-2) and (9.7,2) .. (10.5,2)
.. controls (11.3,2) and (11.7,-2) .. (12.5,-2)
.. controls (12.9,-2) and (13.4,0) .. (13.5,0);

% Draw upper right vector axes (for velocity or direction)
\draw[->,>=latex,ultra thick](15.5,0.5)--(15.5,4.5);
\draw[->,>=latex,ultra thick](13.25,2.5)--(17.75,2.5);

% Draw arrows representing red and blue wave directions (upper)
\draw[->,>=latex,line width=3pt,blue](15.5,2.5)--(17.,4.);
\draw[->,>=latex,line width=3pt,red](15.5,2.5)--(14.,4.);

% Arc arrow (curved arrow between red and blue directions)
\draw[->,>=latex,ultra thick]
(15.5,2.5) ++(145:1cm) arc[start angle=145, end angle=240, radius=1cm];

% Draw lower right vector axes (for velocity or direction)
\draw[=latex,ultra thick](15.5,-0.5)--(15.5,-4.5);
\draw[->,>=latex,ultra thick](13.25,-2.5)--(17.75,-2.5);

% Arrows representing red and blue wave directions (lower)
\draw[->,>=latex,line width=3pt,blue](15.5,-2.5)--(16.5,-0.7);
\draw[->,>=latex,line width=3pt,red](15.5,-2.5)--(13.7,-1.5);

% Arc arrow (curved arrow between red and blue directions - lower)
\draw[->,>=latex,ultra thick]
(15.5,-2.5) ++(160:1cm) arc[start angle=160, end angle=240, radius=1cm];

% Horizontal helper lines from t1 and t2 to right region
\draw[->,>=latex, thick](1.73,1)--(1.73,2.5)--(13,2.5);
\draw[->,>=latex, thick](9.83,0.5)--(9.83,-2.5)--(13.,-2.5);

% Axis and time labels
\node[ ultra thick,below right ] at (0,4) { $A(t)$}; % Vertical axis label
\node[ ultra thick,below ] at (1.73,-0.5) { $t_1$}; % First time point
\node[ ultra thick,below left ] at (9.83,-0.5) { $t_2$}; % Second time point
\node[ ultra thick,above right ] at (14,0) { $t$}; % Horizontal axis label

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

\documentclass[english,12pt,a4paper]{report}
\usepackage[ left=5mm, right=5mm, top=10mm, bottom=15mm]{geometry}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsthm}
\usepackage{circuitikz} % For circuit diagrams

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
% --- Ground line and main horizontal bus ---
\draw[](0,0)--(0,-8)--(18,-8); % vertical ground reference and bottom line
\draw[](0,1)--(0,4)--(11,4)--(11,-0.3); % vertical line to power bus

% --- Voltage source symbol (stacked lines) ---
\draw[](-0.4,1)--(0.4,1);
\draw[](-0.2,0.7)--(0.2,0.7);
\draw[](-0.4,0.4)--(0.4,0.4);
\draw[](-0.2,0)--(0.2,0);

% --- Switch S2 ---
\draw[](2,4)--(2,2)--(2.5,1.);
\draw[fill=white](2,2)circle[radius=0.1]; % node marker
\draw[](2,1)--(2,-1.5)--(5,-1.5)--(5,-0.5)--(5,-5)--(8,-5)--(8,-0.5)--(8,-5)--(11,-5)--(11,-0.5);

% --- Connection dots ---
\draw[fill=white](2,1)circle[radius=0.1];
\draw[](5,4)--(5,-0.3);
\draw[](8,4)--(8,-0.3);

% --- Output branch connections (D0, R0, C0, L, etc.) ---
\draw[](17,4)--(17,1.1);
\draw[](17,-1)--(17,-8);
\draw[](16,4)--(16,-1.3);
\draw[](16,-1.5)--(16,-8);

\draw[](18,4)--(14,4)--(14,-2)--(13.5,-2)--(13.5,-6)--(14,-7);
\draw[fill=white](13.5,-6)circle[radius=0.1]; % diode or switch connection
\draw[](13.5,-7)--(13.5,-8);
\draw[fill=white](13.5,-7)circle[radius=0.1];

% --- Switch S1 branch ---
\draw[](7.8,-5)--(7.8,-6)--(8.3,-7);
\draw[fill=white](7.8,-6)circle[radius=0.1];
\draw[](7.8,-7)--(7.8,-8);
\draw[fill=white](7.8,-7)circle[radius=0.1];

% --- Capacitors C1 and C2 ---
\draw[](5,1)--(6.5,1)--(6.5,0)--(7.,-1);
\draw[fill=white](6.5,0)circle[radius=0.1];
\draw[](6.5,-1)--(6.5,-2)--(8,-2);
\draw[fill=white](6.5,-1)circle[radius=0.1];

%%%% Repeat for C2 and C3 connections
\draw[](8,1)--(9.5,1)--(9.5,0)--(10.,-1);
\draw[fill=white](9.5,0)circle[radius=0.1];
\draw[](9.5,-1)--(9.5,-2)--(11,-2);
\draw[fill=white](9.5,-1)circle[radius=0.1];

\draw[](11,1)--(13.5,1)--(13.5,0);
\draw[](13.5,-1)--(13.5,-2);

%%%% Capacitor plate symbols (parallel lines) %%%%
\draw[](4.8,-0.3)--(5.2,-0.3);
\draw[](4.8,-0.5)--(5.2,-0.5);

\draw[](7.8,-0.3)--(8.2,-0.3);
\draw[](7.8,-0.5)--(8.2,-0.5);

\draw[](10.8,-0.3)--(11.2,-0.3);
\draw[](10.8,-0.5)--(11.2,-0.5);

\draw[](15.8,-1.3)--(16.2,-1.3);
\draw[](15.8,-1.5)--(16.2,-1.5);

%%%% Node Labels (Switches, Capacitors, Diodes, etc.) %%%%
\node[above right ] at (0,1) {$V_g$};
\node[above right ] at (2.2,1.5) {$S2$};
\node[above right ] at (5.2,2.5) {$D1$};
\node[above right ] at (5.1,-0.3) {$C1$};
\node[above right ] at (5.7,-0.5) {$S3$};
\node[above right ] at (5.2,-3.) {$D2$};
\node[above right ] at (8.2,2.5) {$D3$};
\node[above right ] at (8.1,-0.3) {$C2$};
\node[above right ] at (8.7,-0.5) {$S4$};
\node[above right ] at (8.2,-3) {$D4$};
\node[above left ] at (7.8,-7) {$S1$};
\node[above right ] at (11.2,2.5) {$D5$};
\node[above right ] at (11.2,-3) {$D6$};
\node[above right ] at (11.1,-0.3) {$C3$};
\node[above right ] at (12.1,-0.3) {$L$};
\node[above left ] at (13.1,-7) {$S5$};
\node[above right ] at (15.,4.5) {$D0$};
\node[above right ] at (16.,-1.2) {$C0$};
\node[above right ] at (17.5,-0.5) {$R0$};

% --- Current source / diode waveform symbol ---
\begin{scope}[shift={(12.1,2.7)}, rotate=-90,scale=0.55]
\draw[line width=0.4mm, domain=0:5.5, samples=300, smooth, variable=\t]
plot ({5 + \t/3.5 - 0.10*cos(4*\t r)},
{2.5 + (0.25 + 0.01*\t/6.28)*sin(4*\t r)});
\end{scope}

% --- Inductor waveform representation ---
\begin{scope}[shift={(17,-2)}, rotate=90]
\draw[line width=1pt]
(1,0) -- (1.3,0.3)
-- (1.6,-0.3)
-- (1.9,0.3)
-- (2.2,-0.3)
-- (2.5,0.3)
-- (2.8,-0.3)
-- (3.1,0);
\end{scope}

% --- Control switches (drawn as triangles) ---
\begin{scope}[shift={(6.3,-4)}, rotate=0]
\draw[fill=white](9,7.7)--(9,8.3)--(9.5,8)--(9,7.7);
\draw[](9.5,8.2)--(9.5,7.8);
\end{scope}

% --- Additional switches S? (control blocks) ---
\begin{scope}[shift={(0,6)}, rotate=-90]
\draw[fill=white](9,7.7)--(9,8.3)--(9.5,8)--(9,7.7);
\draw[](9.5,8.2)--(9.5,7.8);
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[shift={(0,12)}, rotate=-90]
\draw[fill=white](9,7.7)--(9,8.3)--(9.5,8)--(9,7.7);
\draw[](9.5,8.2)--(9.5,7.8);
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[shift={(-3,6)}, rotate=-90]
\draw[fill=white](9,7.7)--(9,8.3)--(9.5,8)--(9,7.7);
\draw[](9.5,8.2)--(9.5,7.8);
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[shift={(-3,12)}, rotate=-90]
\draw[fill=white](9,7.7)--(9,8.3)--(9.5,8)--(9,7.7);
\draw[](9.5,8.2)--(9.5,7.8);
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[shift={(3,6)}, rotate=-90]
\draw[fill=white](9,7.7)--(9,8.3)--(9.5,8)--(9,7.7);
\draw[](9.5,8.2)--(9.5,7.8);
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[shift={(3,12)}, rotate=-90]
\draw[fill=white](9,7.7)--(9,8.3)--(9.5,8)--(9,7.7);
\draw[](9.5,8.2)--(9.5,7.8);
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

\documentclass[english,12pt,a4paper]{report}
% Set up document class with English, 12pt font, and A4 paper

\usepackage[left=5mm, right=5mm, top=10mm, bottom=15mm]{geometry}
% Page margins (very small for compact drawings)

\usepackage{graphicx} % For including images
\usepackage{mathtools} % For advanced math symbols
\usepackage{amssymb} % For more math symbols
\usepackage{amsthm} % For theorem environments

\usepackage{circuitikz} % For circuit and electronic diagrams

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
%--- Outer rectangular path for circuit outline ---
\draw[](4,0)--(3,0)--(3,1)--(0,1)--(0,-6)--(3,-6)--(3,-4)--(2.5,-3.5)--(2.5,-3)--(3,-2.5)--(3,-1)--(4,-1);

%--- Vertical connection inside ---
\draw[](2.5,-4)--(2.5,-2.5);

%--- Horizontal connector inside ---
\draw[](2.5,-3.25)--(1.4,-3.25);

%--- Small diagonal line for detail ---
\draw[](2.75,-3.5)--(2.65,-3.85);

%--- Big ellipse in the middle (could be an op-amp/part of symbol) ---
\draw[] (2.5,-3.25) ellipse [x radius=0.9cm, y radius=0.7cm];

%--- Small ellipse on left side (input) ---
\draw[] (0,-2) ellipse [x radius=0.5cm, y radius=0.7cm];

%--- Labels for input and nodes ---
\node[right] at (0,-1.) {Vin}; % Input voltage
\node[above] at (-1,1.) {INPUT}; % General label
\node[below] at (4,-1.) {2}; % Node number

%--- Solid node dots ---
\node[] at (3.8,0.1) {$\bullet$}; % Dot near top line
\node[] at (5.2,0.1) {$\bullet$}; % Dot before right extension

%--- Top horizontal output line ---
\draw[](5,0)--(6,0)--(6,1)--(15,1);

%--- Bottom horizontal output line ---
\draw[](5,-1)--(6,-1)--(6,-2)--(15,-2);

%--- Vertical lines for diode symbol (D1) ---
\draw[](12,1)--(12,-0.4);
\draw[](12,-2)--(12,-0.6);
\draw[](11.8,-0.4)--(12.2,-0.4); % Short top bar
\draw[](11.8,-0.6)--(12.2,-0.6); % Short bottom bar

%--- Small triangular shape (arrow, maybe ground or diode tip) ---
\begin{scope}[shift={(0,-7)}, rotate=0]
\draw[fill=white](9,7.7)--(9,8.3)--(9.5,8)--(9,7.7);
\draw[](9.5,8.2)--(9.5,7.8);
\end{scope}

%--- Decorative sinusoidal-like waveform symbol (top left) ---
\begin{scope}[shift={(2.6,2.7)}, rotate=-90,scale=0.55]
\draw[line width=0.4mm, domain=0:5.5, samples=300, smooth, variable=\t]
plot ({
5 + \t/3.5 - 0.10*cos(4*\t r)
}, {
2.5 + (0.25 + 0.01*\t/6.28)*sin(4*\t r)
});
\end{scope}

%--- Another waveform-like symbol (bottom right) ---
\begin{scope}[shift={(6.4,-3.7)}, rotate=90,scale=0.55]
\draw[line width=0.4mm, domain=0:5.5, samples=300, smooth, variable=\t]
plot ({
5 + \t/3.5 - 0.10*cos(4*\t r)
}, {
2.5 + (0.25 + 0.01*\t/6.28)*sin(4*\t r)
});
\end{scope}

%--- Labels for diode and output ---
\node[above] at (9.3,1.3) {D1}; % Diode label
\node[above] at (14,1.3) {OUTPUT}; % Output label
\node[] at (15,1) {$\bullet$}; % Output node dot
\node[] at (15,-2) {$\bullet$}; % Ground/output dot
\node[] at (14,0) {Vo}; % Output voltage
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}