17/01/2026
PRESENT TENSES
1) PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE
(فعلِ حال مطلق)
Identification in Urdu:
It is used for habitual actions and general facts.
Examples:
He makes tea.
They make tea.
He plays tennis.
In Urdu sentences of the Present Indefinite Tense, the verb usually ends with:
تا ہے، تی ہے، تے ہیں
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Structure of an Urdu Sentence:
In Urdu sentences, the order is:
1. Subject (فاعل)
2. Object (مفعول)
3. Verb (فعل)
Example:
وہ سنیٹ کھیلتا ہے۔
وہ = Subject (فاعل)
سنیٹ = Object (مفعول)
کھیلتا ہے = Verb (فعل)
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Definitions:
Subject (فاعل): The doer of an action.
Object (مفعول): The one on which the action is done.
Verb (فعل): The action being performed.
In the sentence “وہ سنیٹ کھیلتا ہے”,
“وہ” is the subject because he is doing the action.
“سنیٹ” is the object because the action is done on it.
“کھیلنا” is the verb because it shows the action.
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Making English Sentences (Simple Sentences):
In English, the sentence order is:
1. Subject
2. Verb
3. Object
Formula:
Subject + Verb + Object
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Example Conversion:
وہ سنیٹ کھیلتا ہے۔
وہ = He
کھیلتا ہے = plays
سنیٹ = tennis
✅ He plays tennis.
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Rules for Verb (1st Form) in Present Indefinite:
1. The 1st form of the verb is always used.
2. If the subject is He, She, It, or a singular name, add s / es to the verb.
3. If a verb ends with sh, ch, x, o, ss, add es.
4. If a verb ends with y and before y there is a vowel (a, e, i, o, u), add s.
5. If a verb ends with y and before y there is a consonant, replace y with ies.
6. For all other verbs, simply add s.
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Examples:
1. He makes tea. (make → makes)
2. Sana washes the clothes. (wash → washes)
3. He watches TV. (watch → watches)
4. He plays football. (play → plays)
5. He flies a kite. (fly → flies)
6. They sell books. (no change because subject is plural)
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Negative Sentences:
Structure:
Subject + do not / does not + 1st form of verb + object
Notes:
1. Use does not with He, She, It, or singular names.
2. Use do not with plural subjects (they, we).
3. In negative sentences, only the original 1st form of the verb is used (no s, es, ies).
Examples:
He does not play the game.
Sana does not fly the kite.
They do not sell the books.
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Interrogative (Question) Sentences:
Structure:
Do / Does + Subject + 1st form of verb + object + ?
Notes:
1. Does is used with He, She, It, or singular names.
2. Do is used with plural subjects (they, we).
3. Always use the 1st form of the verb.
Examples:
Does he play the game?
Does Sana fly the kite?
Do they sell the books?
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Negative Interrogative Sentences:
Structure:
Do / Does + Subject + not + 1st form of verb + object + ?
Examples:
Does he not play the game?
Does Sana not fly the kite?
Do they not sell the books?
