31/01/2024
1. What is linguistics?
- The scientific study of language and its structure.
2. Who is considered the founder of modern linguistics?
- Noam Chomsky.
3. What is phonetics?
- The study of the physical sounds of human speech.
4. What does syntax focus on in linguistics?
- The structure and arrangement of words in sentences.
5. What is morphology?
- The study of the structure and formation of words.
6. What is semantics?
- The study of meaning in language.
7. Define phonology.
- The study of the sound patterns in language.
8. What is psycholinguistics?
- The study of the psychological factors involved in language.
9. Who proposed the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?
- Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf.
10. Define pragmatics in linguistics.
- The study of how context influences the interpretation of language.
11. What is a morpheme?
- The smallest unit of meaning in a language.
12. Who developed the theory of Universal Grammar?
- Noam Chomsky.
13. What is sociolinguistics?
- The study of the relationship between language and society.
14. Define dialect.
- A regional or social variety of a language with distinct features.
15. Who introduced the concept of the linguistic sign?
- Ferdinand de Saussure.
16. What is a polyglot?
- Someone who speaks multiple languages.
17. Define code-switching.
- Alternating between two or more languages or language varieties in conversation.
18. What is a homophone?
- Words that sound the same but have different meanings.
19. Who developed the theory of communicative competence?
- Dell Hymes.
20. Define corpus linguistics.
- The study of language based on large collections of authentic texts.
21. What is a cognate?
- Words in different languages that have a common origin.
22. Who proposed the Harkness table method for language learning?
- Charles W. Eliot.
23. Define syntax.
- The arrangement of words to create well-formed sentences.
24. What is the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)?
- A standardized system for representing sounds in written form.
25. Who introduced the concept of the linguistic relativity hypothesis?
- Benjamin Lee Whorf.
26. Define etymology.
- The study of the origin and history of words.
27. What is the difference between diachronic and synchronic linguistics?
- Diachronic studies language change over time; synchronic studies it at a specific point in time.
28. Who developed the concept of speech acts?
- J.L. Austin and John Searle.
29. Define discourse analysis.
- The study of language in use, especially in social contexts.
30. What is a glottal stop?
- A speech sound produced by briefly closing the vocal cords.
31. Who proposed the concept of the "speech community"?
- William Stewart.
32. Define isogloss.
- A line on a dialect map marking the boundary between linguistic features.
33. What is the difference between a prescriptive and a descriptive approach to language?
- Prescriptive dictates how language should be used; descriptive observes and analyzes how it is used.
34. Who developed the concept of the linguistic signifier and signified?
- Ferdinand de Saussure.
35. Define anaphora in linguistics.
- The use of a word referring to or replacing a word used earlier in a sentence.
36. What is a linguistic atlas?
- A map or collection of maps showing the distribution of linguistic features.
37. Who proposed the stages of language acquisition in children?
- Jean Piaget.
38. Define pidgin.
- A simplified form of language used for communication between groups with different languages.
39. What is the difference between a phoneme and an allophone?
- A phoneme is a distinct sound in a language; an allophone is a variant of that sound.
40. Who developed the concept of the "critical period" for language acquisition?
- Eric Lenneberg.
41. Define onomatopoeia.
- Words that imitate the sound they describe.
42. What is metonymy in linguistics?
- A figure of speech in which one word is substituted with another closely related word.
43. Who introduced the concept of the "linguistic variable"?
- William Labov.
44. Define hyperbole in linguistics.
- Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.
45. What is a lingua franca?
- A common language used for communication between speakers of different native languages.
46. Who proposed the concept of "face" in politeness theory?
- Erving Goffman.
47. Define agrammatism.
- Difficulty in using grammatical structures, often observed in aphasic individuals.
48. What is the International Mother Language Day?
- A worldwide observance promoting linguistic and cultural diversity.
49. Who developed the concept of "phatic communication"?
- Bronisław Malinowski.
50. Define neologism in linguistics.
- A newly coined word or expression.
