Teacher Niel

Congratulations to all new LET passers!

It's been years since I used this page, so I will bring back this to extend my hand for those who need help. Padayon, teachers ❤️🫶🏻

LET NOTES REFRESHER😊💕

Republic Acts

1. R. A. 7836 - PTPA of 1994 (legal basis of LET)
2. R. A. 9293 - Amendments of act 7836
3. R. A. 7796 - TESDA
4. R. A. 7722 - CHED
5. R. A. - 9262 - Violation Against Women and Children
6. R. A. 10912 - CPD/CPE (1006-15/45 units)
7. R. A. 9155 - DepEd
8. R. A. 10533 - K-12- Enhanced Basic Education Curriculum
9. R. A. 7277 - Disabled Person
10. R. A. 6713 - Code of Ethics for Public officials
11. R. A. 1425 - Rizal and other heroes
12. R. A. 8980 - Early Childhood Care and Development
13. R. A. 7610 - Anti-Child Abuse
14. R. A. 10627 - Anti-Bullying
15. R. A. 4670 - Magna Carta for Public School Teacher
16. R. A. 7877 - Anti-Sexual Harassment
17. R. A. 8353 - Anti-Rape
18. R. A. 9208 - Anti-Human Trafficking
19. R. A. 7867 - DOST
20. R. A. 7880 - EFA
21. R. A. 9520 - Cooperative
22. R. A. 7784 - Center of Excellence
23. P. D. 1006 - Professional Board Examination for Teacher (define teachers)
24. R.A. 139- (repealed by RA 8047) all public schools must only use one textbook that appeoved by board of textbook
25. R.A. 896- Elementary Education Act of 1953
26. R.A. 1124- (repealed by RA 7722) National Board of Education
26. R.A 1079- Civil Service eligibility (no limitation)
27. R.A. 6655- Free Public Secondary Education Act of 1988
28. Educational Decree of 1863- gave complete educational system in the Phil

OTHER LEGAL BASIS
1. Act No. 74- created the public instructions (...)
2. Act No. 2706- Private School Law
3. Commonwealth Act No. 1- National Defense Act (for military training)
3. PD 1706- National Service Law
4. Commonwealth Act No. 80- to eliminate illiteracy
5. Commonwealth Act No. 578- conferred the status of "persons in authority" upon the teachers
6. Commonwealth Act No. 586- (repealed by RA 896) Education Act of 1940
7. Commonwealth Act No. 589- singing of National Anthem and Patriotic Pledges

MAJOR LEGAL BASIS
1. Batas Pambansa Blg 232 (The Education Act of 1982)
A. Rights of students in school (Section 9)
B. Rights of all school personnel (Section 10)
C. Special rights and/privileges of teaching staff (Section 11)
D. Rights of Administrators (Section 12)
E. Rights of School (Section 13)
F. Maintainance of Quality Education
a. Voluntary Accreditation ( Sec 29)
b. Teachers and Administrators obligations and qualification (Section 176 and 177)
c. Government Financial Assistance to Private School (Sec 41)

TEACHING OF SCIENCE LET REVIEWERS

It is the ability to recognize the similarities and differences of things being observed.
a. Classifying
b. Measuring
c. Comparing
d. Inferring

It is the ability to recognize the similarities and differences of things being observed.
a. 50 kg of pork
b. aromatic
c. red strawberries
d. minute organisms

3. Saying that a train is coming because the cross gate is down is an example of
a. Hypothesis
b. data
c. Inference
d. prediction

4. You were assigned to demonstrate in a Science class for the division level training. All the instructional materials were prepared to enhance classroom discussion. Unfortunately, the power point presentation couldn’t be used since there was a power shortage. What must you do?
A. Re-schedule the demo at another time.
B. Teach using the other resources in the school.
C. Request another teacher to take your place.
D. Tell your supervisor that you cannot teach without the said materials.

5. Each learner approaches the world in many ways implies that the learner has different ways of what he/she learns. It implies varied learning styles as well as teaching styles. As a teacher, how would you apply this statement?
A. Review the contents of the lesson.
B. Master one strategy in teaching.
C. Make one standard lesson plan.
D. Provide various activities of learning.

6. Which of these are crucial skills for effective teaching?
I. Creation of new instructional materials
II. Classroom management
III. Higher order thinking skill
IV. Art of questioning

A. I, II, III, IV C. I and III
B. II and IV D. I and IV

7. A classroom strategy to help students to easily learn science vocabulary.
A. science text cards C. graphic organizers
B. word games D. instructional conversations
8. In the light of the modern concept of teaching, which is a characteristic of effective teaching?
A. Pouring information to the learners.
B. Allowing learners to learn on their own.
C. Developing abilities to address the future.
D. Removing the physical presence of the teacher.

9. It is known as the best teaching method invented so far that involves the active participation of students to experience scientific concepts than to just have an audience view.
A. role play C. hands on learning
B. sports-based learning D. science stations

10. It is known as the best teaching method invented so far that involves the active participation of students to experience scientific concepts than to just have an audience view.
A. Allow sufficient “think time” at least 7- 10 seconds.
B. Extend wait-time until the student responds.
C. Immediately call another student in case one cannot answer.
D. You may answer your own question if no one can

11. You want your better students to overlearn what they have learned and at the same time help others to master the lesson. Which activity is best?
A. game C. peer tutoring
B. simulation D. practice
12. What factors must be considered in the choice of best method to be employed in class?
I. Nature of the learners
II. Aims and objectives of the lesson
III. Available materials in the community

A. I, II and III C. I and III
B. I and II D. II and III

13. The more information teachers obtain about how students perform, the more capacity they have to rethink their pedagogy, and the more opportunities they create for student success. Which statement best explains the text above?
A. Teachers should keep track of learning outcomes
B. Teachers should keep records of family background.
C. Teachers should file information.
D. Teachers should teach to test.

14. It is wise to orient our students and parents on our grading system?
A. Yes, so that from the very start students and their parents know how grades are derived.
B. Yes, but orientation must be only for our immediate clienteles, the students.
C. No, this will court a lot of complaints later.
D. No, grades and how they are derived are highly confidential.

15. It is an effective and integral part of the assessment process when focused on skills, concepts, and attitudes.
A. interview C. peer assessment
B. observation D. performance assessment

16. These can be powerful tools of formative assessment, allowing teachers to gauge a student’s depth of understanding.
A. rubrics/checklists C. student demonstrations
B. science journal entries D. laboratory reports

17. The main purpose of administering a pre-test and a post-test to students is to __________.
A. accustom the students in frequent testing
B. keep adequate records
C. measure the value of the material used
D. measure gains in learning

18. Which of the following statements is/are NOT TRUE about assessment?
I. Feedback is the most important factor in assessment.
II. Only those that can be objectively measured should be taught.
III. Assessment should follow a developmental pattern.
IV. Identifying systematic errors committed by students should be the basis of remedial instruction.
A. II only C. III and IV
B. IV only D. I and II

19. Prof. Santos wants to determine students’ strengths and weaknesses in the use of laboratory equipment. Which assessment procedure will be the most appropriate and authentic?
a. Observation of students’ use of laboratory equipment while they conduct experiments.
b. Paper-and-pencil test that requires students to enumerate the do’s and don’ts in the use of laboratory equipment.
c. Practicum test on the use of laboratory equipment.
d. Requiring students to draw and label the laboratory equipment.

20. To make the students get focused in the discussion, what must you do especially if your students are unruly and noisy?
a. Employ innovative strategies.
b. Explore various means of giving sanctions.
c. Ignore the students who are misbehaving.
d. Refer the unruly and noisy pupils to the Guidance Office.

ANSWERS
1. C
2. A
3. C
4. B
5. D.
6. A
7. D
8. B
9. C
10. A
11. C
12. A
13. A
14. A
15. B
16. A
17. D
18. A
19. A
20. A

LET REVIEWERS

Note: This is included last LET March 2023, some of the items in the exam are all about taxonomy in Gen Ed and Science major.

TAXONOMY (CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS)

Taxonomy is the branch of biology that classifies all living things. It was developed by the Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus, who lived during the 18th Century, and his system of classification is still used today. Linnaeus invented binomial nomenclature, the system of giving each type of organism a genus and species name. He also developed a classification system called the taxonomic hierarchy, which today has eight ranks from general to specific: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.

DOMAINS
A domain is the highest (most general) rank of organisms. Linnaeus did invent some of the taxonomic ranks, but he did not invent the domain rank, which is relatively new.

Three Domains of Life
1. Eukarya
2. Archaea
3. Bacteria

**Archaea and bacteria can also be classified as one called MONERA.

KINGDOM
In biology, kingdom is a taxonomic rank that is composed of smaller groups called phyla (or divisions, in plants). Supplement. Historically, the kingdom is the highest taxonomic rank or the most general taxon used in classifying organisms

Four Kingdoms
1. Animalia
2. Plantae
3. Fungi
4. Protista

PHYLUM
Phylum (plural: phyla) is the next rank after kingdom; it is more specific than kingdom, but less specific than class. There are 35 phyla in the kingdom Animalia, including Chordata (all organisms with a dorsal nerve cord), Porifera (sponges), and Arthropoda (arthropods).

CLASS
The class was the most general rank proposed by Linnaeus; phyla were not introduced until the 19th Century. There are 108 different classes in the kingdom Animalia, including Mammalia (mammals), Aves (birds), and Reptilia (reptiles), among many others. The classes of Animalia that Linnaeus proposed are similar to the ones used today, but Linnaeus’ classes of plants were based on attributes like the arrangement of flowers rather than relatedness. Today’s classes of plants are different than the ones Linnaeus used, and classes are not frequently used in botany.

ORDER
Order is more specific than class. Some of Linnaeus’ orders are still used today, such as Lepidoptera (the order of butterflies and moths). There are between 19-26 orders of Mammalia, depending on how organisms are classified—sources differ. Some orders of Mammalia are Primates, Cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises), Carnivora (large carnivores/omnivores), and Chiroptera (bats).

FAMILY
Family is, in turn, more specific. Some families in the order Carnivora, for example, are Canidae (dogs, wolves, foxes), Felidae (cats), Mephitidae (skunks), and Ursidae (bears). There are 12 total families in the order Carnivora.

GENUS
Genus (plural: genera) is even more specific than family. It is the first part of an organism’s scientific name using binomial nomenclature; the second part is the species name. An organism’s scientific name is always italicized, and the genus name is capitalized while the species name is not. Genus and species are the only taxonomic ranks that are italicized

SPECIES
Species is the most specific major taxonomic rank; species are sometimes divided into subspecies, but not all species have multiple forms that are different enough to be called subspecies. There are an estimated 8.7 million different species of organisms on Earth, but the vast majority have yet to be discovered and categorized. While each genus name is unique, the same species names can be used for different organisms

Source: https://biologydictionary.net/taxonomy/

NEW LET REVIEWERS

Question 1. What technology technique is employed during breeding in captivity in order to restore the populations of endangered and threatened species to safe levels?
a. Cross pollination
b. Cobalt radiation
c. Genetic engineering
d. Artificial insemination

Question 2. Which of the following is a measure of pressure, defines as one newton per square meter?
a. Atomic Units
b. Milliliter
c. Pascal
d. Poise

Question 3. A metric carat is a unit of mass for measuring gemstones. It is equivalent to ________.
a. 200 mg
b. 2 kg
c. 100 mg
d. 1, 000 mg

Question 4. Isang uri ng pamamatnubay kung saan ang mga reporter ay lumilihis sa pamatnubay; lumilikha sila ng sariling paraan sa mga gawaing pag-ulat.
a. Masining
b. Di-kombensyunal
c. Kombensyunal
d. Masaklaw

Question 5. On principles of teaching-and-learning, what do Field and Gestalt theorists see as the way to develop learners?
a. Learning by imitating ideas and tasks
b. Learning by doing things
c. Learning by perceiving the environment
d. Learning by change in thinking

Question 6. Which is NOT a characteristic of people with a strong sense of self-efficacy?
a. Recover quickly from setbacks and disappointments.
b. View challenging problems as tasks to be mastered.
c. Develop deeper interest in the activities in which they participate
d. Avoid challenging tasks.

Question 7. The expression of “baduy” connotes:
a. Uneducated
b. Awkward looking
c. Smart
d. Low profile

Question 8. What is the application of the principles of theories of human behavior in teaching and learning?
a. Educational Sociology
b. Educational Philosophy
c. Educational Psychology
d. Educational Theory

Question 9. What process of child development arouses interest in learning through fun activities like music and dance activities?
a. Cognitive
b. Biological
c. Socio-emotional
d. Maturation

Question 10. What needs to be reflected in a portfolio by way of journal text, photos and other items?
a. Test papers
b. Photos of classmates
c. Learning Experiences
d. Sites of learning

Question 11. The economic policy that good action is one that helps the greatest number of peoples called:
a. Colonialism
b. Capitalism
c. Mercantilism
d. Utilitarianism

Question 12. Which assessment task is aligned to this competency: "Identify classroom routines."
a. What is a disadvantage of a classroom routine?
b. Is classroom routine necessary for class order and discipline?
c. What is meant by classroom routine?
d. Give an example of classroom routine.

Question 13. Derek had a head injury that resulted to loss of ability to process and use speech. Which among the following might be his condition?
a. Apraxia
b. Aphasia
c. Stuttering
d. Cluttering

Question 14. A teacher is a "trustee of the cultural and educational heritage of the nation and is under obligation to transmit to learners such heritage." Which practice makes the teacher fulfill such obligation?
a. Facilitate discovery of values from History
b. Observe continuing professional education
c. Adopt the latest educational technology
d. Use interactive teaching strategies

Question 15. When I met Pilar yesterday, it was the first time I ________ her since Christmas.
a. have been seen
b. saw
c. have seen
d. had seen

Question 16. What is the lowest form of learning?
a. Responding
b. Perceiving
c. Conditioning
d. Teaching

Question 17. Ito ay pagsasaling?
a. Adaptasyon
b. Malaya
c. Idyomatiko
d. Literal

Question 18. Air like food and water is an essential element in human existence. Carried by the wind, polluted air called __________ falls to earth poisoning fish and destroying vegetation.
a. Greenhouse rain
b. El Niño
c. La Niña
d. Acid rain

Question 19. What is the criterion in criterion-reference grading?
a. Standards
b. Descriptors
c. Grades
d. Averages

Question 20. What problem can result owing to bias among parents and the youth towards manual or technical occupations, e.g. Masons, mechanics, plumbers, etc?
a. White collar mania
b. Blue collar mania
c. Boss mentality
d. Technocrat mind

ANSWERS
1. D
2. C
3. A
4. B
5. C
7. B
8. C
9. C
10. C
11. D
12. D
13. B
14. A
15. C
16. C
17. D
198. D
19. A
20. B

TAXONOMY OF LEARNING LET REVIEWERS

1. Cognitive (Lorin Anderson)

R U P Ap An C E

Remembering - remember information
Understanding - sense out information
Applying - use the information to the new (similar) situation
Analyzing - taking info apart and exploring the relationship
Evaluating - judgment
Creating - create something new

COGNITIVE (Benjamin Bloom)

K C Ap An S E

Knowledge - basic concepts
Comprehension - explain concepts
Application - use info in a new situation
Analysis - draw connections among ideas
Synthesis - combine connection
Evaluation - justify a stand or decision

2. AFFECTIVE (David Krathwohl)

Re Res V O C

Receiving - being aware of
Responding - showing some new behavior
Valuing - showing definite involvement
Organization - integrating a new value
Characterization by Value Set - acting consistently in a new behavior

3. PSYCHOMOTOR (Elizabeth Simpson)

P S G M C AO

Perception - sensory cues
Set - readiness to act
Guided Response - imitation and trial and error
Mechanism - habitual responses
Complex overt Response - performance w/o hesitation and automatic performance
Adaptation - skills are developed
Origination - creating new movement patterns

•••••••

The New Taxonomy (Kendall and Marzano)

Re C A K Me S

Retrieval - recalling, recognizing, executing
Comprehension - symbolizing, integrate
Analysis - specifying, generalizing, matching
Knowledge Utilization - investigating, problem-solving, decision-making
Metacognition - monitoring: accuracy, clarity; specifying goals
Self-System Thinking - examining: emotions, efficacy, importance

METHODS AND STRATEGIES OF TEACHING LET REVIEWERS

THE LEARNER
• An embodied spirit (union of sentient body and a rational soul)
• His body experiences sensations and feels pleasures and pain
• His soul is the principle of spiritual acts, the source of intellectual abstraction, self-reflection, and free rational volition
• Body and soul exist in mutual dependence

Fundamental Equipment of the Learner
1. Ability- student’s native ability dictates the prospects of success in purposeful activity
2. Aptitude- refers to the student’s innate talent or gift. It indicates a natural capacity to learn certain skills.
3. Interest- learners vary in activities that are undertaken due to a strong appeal or attraction. (get the attention of the learners)
4. Family & Cultural Background- students who come from different socioeconomic backgrounds manifest a wide range of behavior due.

Thorndike-connectionism/ associative learning theory

Laws of Learning
• Law of readiness- holistically prepared
• Law of exercise- drills (for mastery), and practical
ASEAN Countries (LIPS-TMV-BMC)
• Law of effect- end result (based on experiences or the consequences) (reward/reinforcement and punishment –B.F. Skinner)

5. Attitudes- students have a unique way of thinking and reacting. Confronted with the same situation in the learning environment each one would read differently depending on their personal characteristics.

Learning Styles
1. Tactile- manipulation; hands-on
2. Visual
3. Auditorial
4. Kinesthetic

THE TEACHER
-Is a licensed professional who possesses dignity and reputation with high moral values as well as technical and professional competence

Personal Attributes
• Passion
• Compassion
• Patience
• Communicative
• Creative
• Humor
• Knowledgeable
• Positive
• Motivational
• Flexible

Learning Environment
• Consists of the physical environment and psychological atmosphere or the socio-emotional climate.
• A product of interaction and relationship between teacher and students

Parenting Styles/Teaching Styles
1. Authoritarian
2. Authoritative
3. Neglectful/Uninvolved
4. Permissive

Physical Environment- the physical condition of the classroom, the arrangement of furniture, the seating environment, the classroom temperature, and lightning.

Classroom Seating Arrangement
• Traditional- crowded students
• Circular
• Rectangular
• Horseshoe pattern- a small number of students

Psychological Climate- physical atmosphere or climate that reigns in the classroom. It includes safety, relationships, and teaching and learning.

A Facilitative Learning Environment
• Which encourages people to be active
• Which promotes and facilitates the individual’s discoveries of the personal meaning of the ideas
• Which emphasizes the uniquely personal and subjective nature of the learning
• In which differences are good and desirable
• Which consistently recognizes
• Which tolerates ambiguity
• In which evaluation is a cooperative process with emphasis on self-evaluation
• Which encourages openness to self rather than concealment of self

Guiding Principles in Formulating Objectives
1. Begin with the end in mind
2. Share lesson objectives with the learners
3. Lesson objectives must be in two or three domains

TEACHING INTERNSHIP AND ACTION RESEARCH NOTES/ LET REVIEWERS 4.0

Community Linkages
• Educational Stakeholders
o School administrators
o Teachers
o Government officials
o Community
o Learners
o Parents
• Parent-Teacher Conference
o It is a meeting between a learner’s parent/s and teacher/s to discuss the child’s academic performance and other ideas for improvement

Professional Advancement
o RA 10912- Continuing Development Act of 2016
o CPD is a mandatory requirement for the renewal of the Professional Identification Card
o 45 credit units

Professional Development
• Graduate studies
• Short-term courses
• Seminars and webinars
• Professional organizations
• Learning Action (LAC)
• Speaking engagements
• Reading and writing books
• Research

Contents of an Internship Portfolio
I. Introduction
II. Acknowledgements
III. Curriculum Vitae of Practice Teacher
IV. Certificate of Completion
V. Professional Readings
VI. Weekly Journals
VII. Experiences, Evidence, and Reflections of PSST Domains
VIII. Teaching Philosophy

Steps When Accomplishing Exit Forms
1. Confer with the CT
2. Prepare
3. Submit
4. Have everything signed by the designated authority
5. Extend gratitude and appreciation to your CP, CT,

Exit Forms
• Narrative Report required by CS
• Accomplished Classroom Observation Forms
• Requirements designed by CT
• IMs required by CT

ACTION RESEARCH
• Action research is characterized as research that is done by teachers for themselves (Mertler, 2009)
• It allows teachers to examine
• It is the process of systematically testing new ideas in the classroom or school, analyzing the results, and deciding to implement

Action Research
• Process for improvement
• Collaborative
• Within context of teacher’s environment
• Quest for immediate solutions
• Practical and relevant
• Cyclical

SCHOOL FORMS LET REVIEWER

Accomplishing School Forms
• SF 1: School Register - master lists of class enrollment (class adviser)
• SF 2: Daily Attendance Report of Learner – recording of attendance, absence, or tardiness (class adviser)
• SF 3: Books Issued and Returned – list of books (by title) to be returned by students (class adviser)
• SF 4: Monthly Learner’s Movement and Attendance - enrollment count, transferred in/out and dropout by grade level (summary of SF2) (school head)
• SF 5: Report on Promotion and Level of Proficiency - list of promoted/retained by class (class adviser)
• SF 6: Summarized Report on Promotion and Level of Proficiency – number of promoted/retained by grade level (summary of SF 6) (school head)
• SF 7: Inventory of school Personnel – list of personnel with basic profile and teaching load/assignment (school head)
• SF 8: Learner basic Health Profile- per learner assessment of Body Mass Index (class adviser/MAPEH teacher)
• SF 9: Learner Progress Report Card - individual academic, behavioral and attendance report by quarter (formerly form 138)
• SF 10: Learner’s Permanent Academic Record- individual academic record by quarter and SY (former Form 137)

FIELD STUDY AND TEACHING INTERNSHIP NOTES/ LET REVIEWERS 3.0

Tips for Providing Classroom structure
• Rules and expectations must be given on the first day
• Set high expectations and explain it importance
• Hold students accountable for their actions
• Keep your rules clear and simple

Creating Instructional Materials
• These are tools used in instructional activities
• They assist teachers in facilitating
o Print- books, dictionaries, encyclopedia
o Non-Print- microscope slides, models, rocks, field visits
o Electronic- slide presentations, videos, AR, VR, live content

Teachers’ Criteria for Determining the Quality of Instructional Materials (Bulgar, et.al.)
• Accuracy
• Depth of knowledge
• Engagement
• Support

Instructional Materials
• Time-tested Materials (blackboards, chalks, textbooks, charts, etc.)
• ICT Tools (hardware and software)

Designing Differentiated Class Activities
1. Classroom Diversity
• It is a classroom with learners of all abilities and backgrounds
o Gender
o Needs
o Strengths
o Interests
o Talents
o Race
o Religion
o Culture
o Experiences
o Learning styles
o Multiple intelligence

Conducting Demonstration Lessons
• It is a planned lesson taught to a group of students or to a group of adults posing as students to assess your teaching abilities and skills.
1. Plan and organize your lesson based on the LDM of your CS. (lesson plan, IMs, and learning activity sheets)
2. Be the BEST! (practicum uniform, proper grooming)
3. Mange your class well. (seat plan (f2f), class list (online))

Detailed Lesson Plan (DO No. 42, s. 2016)
• It is a teacher’s “roadmap” for the lesson
• It contains a detailed description of the steps a teacher will take to teach a particular topic
o Objectives
o Content
o Learning Resources
o Procedures
o Remarks
o Reflection