Batang FHESians

𝗙𝗜𝗥𝗦𝗧 𝗖𝗜𝗥𝗖𝗨𝗠𝗡𝗔𝗩𝗜𝗚𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗜𝗡 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗟𝗗

Ngayong araw ginugunita ang ika-502 taong anibersaryo ng pagtatapos ng kauna-unahang sirkumnabigasyon sa mundo, ang paglalakbay na sinimulan ni Magellan noong 1519, at tinapos ni Elcano noong 1522. Noong September 6, 1522 nang matagumpay na makabalik sa San Lucar de Barrameda ang barkong Victoria, ang tanging barko ng Magellan-Elcano expedition na nagawang maikot ang mundo. Tanging 18 mula sa 245 na orihinal na tauhan ng ekspedisyon ang nagawang bumalik sa Espanya.

Noong September 20, 1519 nang simulan ni Ferdinand Magellan ang paglalakbay upang tuklasin ang isla ng pampalasa, ang Maluku o Moluccas (na kasalukuyang bahagi ng Indonesia). Limang barko ang kalahok sa paglalakbay – ang Trinidad (kung saan si Magellan ang kapitan), San Antonio, Concepcion, Santiago, at Victoria. Naglayag ang ekspedisyon pakanluran ng Africa patungong Brazil, kung saan binagtas nila ang dulong katimugang bahagi ng South America, noong October 21, 1520, na kalauna’y pinangalanang Strait of Magellan. Mula sa limang barko, tatlong barko na lamang ang nagawang makarating sa Pasipiko. March 6, 1521 nang pansamantalang dumaong sina Magellan sa isla ng Guam.

Sa halip na Maluku, napadpad ang grupo ni Magellan sa isla ng Homonhon noong March 16, 1521. Sa loob ng ilang buwang pamamalagi nina Magellan sa bansa, naganap ang ilan sa mga mahahalagang pangyayari na nagpabago sa takbo ng kasaysayan ng Pilipinas: ang sanduguan sa pagitan nina Magellan at Rajah Colambu; ang pagpapakilala ng Kristiyanismo at unang misa sa bansa na idinaos sa isla ng Limasawa; at ang labanan sa Mactan sa pagitan ng grupo ni Magellan at Lapulapu na naganap noong April 27, 1521. Sa naturang labanan nasawi ang kapitan na si Magellan.

Pagkaraan ng pagpanaw ni Magellan, tatlong tauhan ang pumalit bilang pinuno ng ekspedisyon: si Duarte Barbosa, na nasawi sa Cebu; si Juan Carvalho, na iniutos na wasakin ang barkong Concepcion at kalauna’y naalis sa pagkapinuno; at si Gonzalo Gomez de Espinosa. Dalawang barko na lamang ang nagawang makarating sa Mollucas. Sa Ternate, Mollucas, naghiwalay ng landas sina Espinosa (kapitan ng barkong Trinidad) at Sebastian Elcano (kapitan ng barkong Victoria). Sinubukan maghanap ni Espinosa ng ruta pabalik sa Espanya ngunit sila’y nadakip ng mga Portugues. Sa kabilang banda, tagumpay naman na nakabalik sina Elcano sa katubigan ng Espanya noong September 6, 1522. Makalipas ang dalawang araw, ang barkong Victoria na tanging nakaligtas sa ekspedisyon, ay dumaong sa Seville, Spain. Dahil sa tagumpay ni Elcano, muling itinalaga ni King Charles V si Elcano bilang pinuno ng ekpedisyon papuntang Moluccas.

National Quincentennial Committee. September 20, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/.../a.21691670.../2733582236961589/

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Kuntil Butil sa Kasaysayan

Ika-8 ng Agosto 2020

Namatay si Alfredo S. Lim dahil sa komplikasyon na dulot ng COVID-19 sa edad na 91. Si Lim ay dating heneral ng pulisya. Naging Direktor ng National Beauru of Investigation of NBI, noong 1992 ay nahalal na mayor ng Maynila. Naitalagang DILG secretary noong 2001. Nanalong senador noong 2004. Nahalal muli na mayor ng Maynila noong 2007 at 2010. Si Lim ay naging miyembro ng Philippine Bar noong 1963 at nagsilbi sa Integrated National Police sa loob ng 30 taon. Naging superintendent ng PNPA noong 1984 at Direktor ng Western Police District hanggang sa nagretiro na may ranggong Major General.

Ika-8 ng Agosto 1901
Itinatag at inorganisa ang Philippine Constabulary o PC ni Henry T. Allen bilang pwersang pampulisya. Si Allen ay isang Amerikano na tinatawag din na Ama ng Philippine Constabulary. Sa kapangyarihan ng Act No. 175 ng Philippine Commission, naitatag ang PC para tumulong sa mga Amerikanong sundalo para labanan at tugisin ang mga natitirang Pilipinong rebolusyunaryo. Ang PC ay pinalitan ng Philippine National Police o PNP noong 1991.

Ika-8 ng Agosto 1900
Kinondena o binatikos ni William J. Bryan, kandidato sa pagkapangulo ng Amerika mula sa Democratic Party ang ginawang pananakop ng pamahalaang Amerika sa Pilipinas. Ito di umano ay labag sa prinsipyo, simulain at tradisyon ng Estados Unidos ng Amerika. Ang Amerika ay itinuturing na tagapagtaguyod ng demokrasya.

Ika-8 ng Agosto 1967
Itinatag sa Bangkok,Thailand ang Samahan ng mga bansa sa Timog-Silangang Asya (Association of South East Asian Nation o ASEAN) na may pangunahing layunin ng palakasin ang ekonomiya, paunlarin ang kultura at panatilihin ang kapayapaan sa rehiyon. Ang unang limang original na kasapi nito ay ang Pilipinas, Malaysia, Indonesia , Singapore at Thailand. Sa ngayon ang ASEAN ay may sampung bansang kasapi.

Kuntil Butil sa Kasaysayan you

On August 7, 1940, the National Assembly passed the Educational Act of 1940, providing among others, for the reduction of the elementary course from seven to six years.

Philippine Educational Act of 1940
The same Act fixed the school entrance age at seven years and required compulsory attendance in the primary grades for all children enrolling in grade 1, adoption of the single-session, one class in the morning and another in the afternoon under one teacher to accommodate more children, and the support of public elementary education by the national government.

Notedly, during the Commonwealth period, President Manuel Quezon, in his desire to improve the educational system in the Philippines, created the National Council for Education which served as an advisory body on educational matters.

Significant educational developments during the Commonwealth period included:

The revision of the curricula in the elementary and secondary levels;
Introduction of adult education to eliminate illiteracy as well as vocational and;
Citizenship training to adult citizens in the country.

Reference:
Philippines News Agency archive
The Kahimyang Project

On August 7, 1901, the City of Manila was incorporated by virtue of Act 183 of the Philippine Commission which was passed on July 31, 1901. Brigadier-General George W. Davis, the last provost-marshall of Manila, drafted the Charter. The Manila Charter followed closely in its general plan of legislation by which the City of Washington, D. C. was then governed.

Up to about the middle of the nineteenth century, Manila formed a part of the ancient province of Tondo. This province included almost the whole of what is now Rizal (and the present-day cities of Metro Manila). In 1859 a decree was issued establishing a civil government for the Province of Manila. With this decree what formally was Tondo became the province of Manila. According to this decree, the civil governor was also Corregidor of the city.

From time to time the City Government would undergo reorganization.

On August 13, 1898, the city was occupied by the forces of the United States Government and its affairs were conducted by the military authorities. With the establishment of civil government, the old Province of Manila was abolished, and some of the towns which belonged to it were given to the newly created province of Rizal. To the city of Manila was given a charter which took effect on August 7, 1901.

Under Act 183, Manila, like the City of Washington, D. C. at that time, its prototype, is governed not by a single executive head, but by three commissioners appointed by the President of the United States, with the consent of the Senate, the government of the City was vested in the Municipal Board composed of three members appointed by the Civil Governor by and with the consent of the Philippine Commission. One member of the Board was the president who presided over its meetings. He was given the power to sign all ordinances, bonds, contracts, obligations, made or authorized by the Board, and to issue such orders and instructions as were necessary in carrying out the policies of the Board. Each member of the Board was required to file a bond of P 10,000.00 with the Insular Treasurer. There was a secretary who was appointed like the members, with the provision that his successors were to be appointed by the Board under the Civil Service Act.

The Board possessed the legislative powers provided for in the Charter. It was also endowed with executive authority, to be exercised through the different departments into which the City Government was organized; viz., Department of Engineering and Public Works, Police Department, Law Department, Fire and Building Inspection Department, and Assessment and Collectiion Department. The functions of the latter department, however, were at the time performed by the Collector of Internal Revenue as ex officio City Assessor and Collector.

References

Local government in the Philippine Islands, pages 139-140, Jose P. Laurel, La Pilarica Press, Manila, 1926.
The Kahimyang Project

Kuntil Butil sa Kasaysayan

Ika-6 ng Agosto 2011

On August 6, 2011, Fe Del Mundo, the country's distinguished Pediatrician and National Scientist who conducted important pioneering researches on infectious diseases and dedicated much of her life to the cause of pediatrics in the country, died of cardiac arrest. She died 3 months before her 100th birthday on November 27, having been born in Intramuros, Manila on 1911. She was the sixth of eight children of Bernardo del Mundo, a prominent lawyer from Marinduque and Paz Villanueva.

Dr. Fe del Mundo
(Dr. Fe del Mundo, photo credit: Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation)
At age 15 Dr. del Mundo entered the University of the Philippines and received an Associate in Arts after the completion of two years. She then entered medical school at the same institution. Five years later in 1933, she received her medical degree with highest honors in her class of 70 graduates. That year she was awarded a medal as the "Most Outstanding Scholar in Medicine" by the Colegio Medico-Farmaceutico de Filipinas. In 1936, she was granted a scholarship by then President Manuel Quezon and obtained post-graduate training in pediatrics at Harvard Medical School for five years. In 1940, she received her M.A. in Bacteriology from Boston University in Massachussets.

Her most significant researches dealt mainly with viral diseases, particularly those on polio-myelitis, rubeola, rubella, and varicella. These clinical researches served as reference in the use of vaccine and immunizations in the country. The absence of well equipped laboratories for analysis did not restrain her from determining the nature of the sickness. Dr. del Mundo would send specimens or blood samples for polio to New York, measles to London, rubella to Switzerland, and chicken pox to Japan. In 1954, she helped characterize dengue fever at the clinical and laboratory levels, which contributed to a better understanding of the disease.

Dr. del Mundo also invented two devices to help people in the rural communities. In 1973, she invented a simple inexpensive incubator made of bamboo that can be easily made for rural communities. She also developed an improvised bamboo radiant warmer and a photo therapy device that could cure babies with jaundice. These inventions reflected her interest in rural health, particularly those in underserved or unreached rural areas.

She also formulated strategies to incorporate the ways of the hilot or traditional midwife to the family planning and birth attending framework of health services in rural communities. Dr. del Mundo pioneered the building up of indigenous health workers and organized rural extension teams to advise mothers on breastfeeding and child care. She promoted the idea of linking hospitals to the community through the public immersion of physicians and other medical personnel to facilitate greater coordination among health workers and the public for common health programs such as immunization and nutrition. She called for the greater integration of midwives into the medical community, noting their more visible presence within rural communities.

In 1957, Dr. del Mundo, established the Children's Memorial Hospital (later renamed Dr. Fe del Mundo Medical Center). To do this, Dr. del Mundo sold her own home and personal effects. The hospital was expanded in 1966 with the establishment of an Institute of Maternal and Child Health, the first of its kind in Asia. The said hospital continues to admit thousands of children requiring quality medical help.

The National Academy of Science and Technology (NAST) of the Philippines lists Dr. del Mundo as a woman of many firsts:

She was the first female and first Asian to be enrolled in Pediatrics at the prestigious all-male Harvard Medical School (1935-1940) as a Philippine Commonwealth scholar.
She was also the first woman to head a government general hospital in the Philippines when she was appointed as director of the Manila Children's hospital (later renamed Dr. Jose R. Reyes Memorial Hospital) in 1943.
She was also the first Filipino diplomate of the American Board of Pediatrics (1947), which introduced the Filipino women and physicians to the world.
She was also the first Asian president of the Medical Women's International Association, holding this post from 1962 to 1966. In 1967, she became an Emeritus Fellow of the American Academy of Pediatrics.
She was a pioneering force in child health care in the Philippines.
She was the founder and first woman president of the Philippine Pediatric Society, wherein she served from 1952 to 1955.
She founded the Philippine Medical Women's Association and became its first president.
In 1972, she became the first woman president of the Philippine Medical Association, a first in the association's decade-long history.
She was the first Philippine delegate to the World Academy of Science in Trieste, Italy (1993).
Dr. del Mundo joined the faculty of the University of Santo Tomas as an associate professor of pediatrics from 1943 to 1954. She then transferred to Far Eastern University (FEU) as professor of pediatrics and chairman of pediatrics department from 1954 to 1974. She eventually became Professor Emeritus of FEU in 1974. The Philippine Women's University, the Medical Women's College of Pensylvania, Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts, and the University of the Philippines (1996) conferred on her Honoris Causa degrees. Part of her commitment to quality medical education was her acceptance of students from different schools to be trained at her hospital, an idea she adapted from the Harvard Medical School.

She was admitted to the NAST in 1979, in recognition of her important contributions to science and the community as a pediatrician, teacher, researcher, humanitarian, and grand dame of Philippine Pediatrics and medicine. In 1980, Dr. del Mundo became the first woman National Scientist when she was conferred the Rank and Title of National Scientist, the highest honor that the Philippine Government can bestow on a Filipino scientist for her outstanding contributions to science and technology.

Her undeniable devotion to child care earned her numerous prestigious national and international awards, including the Elizabeth Blackwell award for outstanding service to mankind in 1966, the distinguished Ramon Magsaysay award for public service by a private citizen in 1977, the Blessed Teresa of Calcutta Award in 1980, and recently, the 2010 Order of Lakandula with the rank of Bayani by the Philippine Government.

Dr. Fe Del Mundo was buried at the Libingan ng mga Bayani, Fort Bonifacio, Taguig City.

Sources

National Academy of Science and Technology of the Philippines (http://www.nast.ph/)
Philippines' first national scientist dies, http://www.abs-cbnnews.com, August 6, 2011
Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation (http://www.rmaf.org.ph/)
The Kahimyang Project

Kuntil Butil sa Kasaysayan

Ika-5 ng Agosto 1917
Ipinanganak sa Lucban, Quezon sir Josefina Guerrero na naging bayaning espiya ng Ikalawang Digmaan bagamat may sakit itong leprosy o ketong.
Noong 1941 ay na-diagnosed sir Guerrero na may sakit na Hansen's desease o mas kilala na leprosy. Ginamit niya ang kanyang sakit na ketong para maging espiya ng mga sundalong Pilipino at Amerikano laban sa mga Hapon. Siya ay nagsilbi bilang tagahatid ng mga balitA at kaganapan tungkol sa mga gawain ng mga Imperyalitang Hapon.

Ika-5 ng Agosto 1621
Dumating sa Maynila ang grupo ng sampung madre mula sa Orden ni San Francisco ng Espanya upang itatag ang kauna-unahang kumbento sa Pilipinas , ang Kumbento ni Santa Clara na pinamunuan ni Madre Gerenima de la Asunción na kamag-anaksn ng monarkiya ng Espanya.

Kuntil Butil sa Kasaysayan

Ika-2 Agosto 1577
Dumating sa Pilipinas ang unang relihiyosong misyunero na mga Pransiskano mula sa orden ni San Francisco na pinamunuan ni Padre Pedro de Alfaro. Ang mga Pransiskano ang ikalawang misyunero na dumating sa Pilipinas na sumunod sa naunang mga Agustinong misyunero.

Ika-2 ng Agosto 1799
Isinilang sa Sta. Cruz, Manila si Padre Mariano Gomez. Si Padre Gomez ay Isa sa bumubuo ng samahan ng tatlong pari na mas kilala sa akronim na GOMBURZA kabilang sina Padre Burgos at Zamora na ginarote noong ika-17 ng Pebrero 1872 sa Bagumbayan, Luneta. Si Gomez ang punong pari ng Bacoor, Cavite kung saan nakipaglaban siya para sa karapatan ng mga paring Pilipino laban sa pang-aabuso ng paring Kastila. Bago sila patayin ay nailathala ni Gomez ang pahayagang La Verdad (Ang Katotohanan) na nagsilbing boses ng mga Pilipinong propagadista laban sa mga mananakop na Espanyol.

Ika-2 ng Agosto 1968
Isang 7.3 magnitude na lindol ang tumama sa Casiguran, Aurora. Ang Manila na di gaanong kalayuan sa epicenter ng lindol ay grabeng napinsala. Ang lindol na ito at itinuturing na isa sa pinakamapaminsalang lindol na tumama sa bansa na nagdulot ng pagkasira ng mga ari-arian, pagguho ng mga gusali at pagkitil ng mahigit isang daang katao. Ang Ruby Tower, isang gusali na may anim na palapag na matatgpuan sa Binondo, Manila ay lubhang napinsala dahil sa pagguho nito.

Tema ng Pagdiriwang ng Buwan ng Kasaysayan 2023
Inilunsad ng National Historical Commission of the Philippines o NHCP ang tema ng pagdiriwang ng Buwan ng Kasaysayan 2023. Ang tema ngayon ay "Pagpapalaya ng Kasaysayan para sa Sambayanan" (Democratizing History for the People).
Idinagdag ng NHCP ang mga makasaysayang pangyayari na maaaring gunitain ngayong Agosto 2023 alinsunod sa pagdiriwang ng Buwan ng Kasaysayan gaya ng Pambansang Araw ng mga Bayani na ginugunita tuwing hauling Lunes ng Agosto, ang ika-125 taong anibersaryo ng Bacoor Assembly, ang ika-125 taong anibersaryo ng pagkakatatag ng Kristiyanismong Protestante sa bansa, ang Sigaw sa Pugadlawin, ang Labanan sa San Juan del Monte, at ang mga anibersaryo ng kapanganakan at kamatayan ng mga bayani at pangulo ng Pilipinas.