31/10/2024
Tángrénjiē (唐人街) páifāng (牌坊) selfie
Ambling near the controversial 2015 Manila Chinatown Friendship Arch / Páifāng (牌坊) at the end of Sen. William A. Jones (1849-1918) Bridge, in the Binondo (岷倫洛) District of Manila. The very issue is that the government of People's Republic of China sponsored and built the páifāng, which declared the District of Binondo as “Zhōngguó zhèng“ (中国城) meaning literally “Town of China”, instead of “Tángrénjiē” (唐人街) or Chinatown that means “Streets of the Tang People”. This stirred the anti-Chinese imperialist sentiments of the Filipino and Filipino-Chinese, amidst continuing the incursions of the Chinese navy in the West Philippine Sea.
The Chinatown Friendship Páifāng is located at the Plaza Moraga, which was named after the Spanish conquistador Antonio de Morga Sánchez Garay (1559-1636). The Páifāng or archway was not the original Chinatown Páifāng that was installed and funded by the locals in 1975, which as then simply referred to as the Mǎnílā Tángrénjiē Gǒngmén (马尼拉 唐人街拱门) or Manila Chinatown Arch.
Binondo is considered the oldest Chinatown in the world, and its roots began when the Spanish Governor-General Luis Pérez Dasmariñas (died 1603) forced the Chinese settlers into a segregated settlement called a Parían during his term of 1590 to 1593.
Before that, the Chinese have been trading and settling with the natives of the Philippine archipelago as earliest noted in 971 AD in the historical account of the Sòng Shǐ (宋史) or History of Sòng (complied in 1345), where the ancient state of Má-It (or Má-I, 麻逸) in the island of Mindoro was mentioned as a trading partner. Later accounts would mention the trade with the Islamic Kingdom of Dōngdū (東都, Tondo) in the island of Liu-sin (Luzon), the Kingdom of Butuan (蒲端), and the pre-sultanate of Tausūg kingdoms of Sulu.
And when the conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi (1502-1572) arrived in Manila in 1570, there was already a Chinese community established in the Baybay area that is now the San Nicolás district of Manila.
The Chinese settlers were referred to as the Sangley; and they were treated with distrust for their refusal to assimilate to the local culture, hatred for their rejection to be converted to Christianity, and an envy to for their growing economic power. The prejudice and segregation of the Chinese settlers may have been detrimental for them at the start, but it has also allowed them to thrive and become the economic pillars of Philippine society.
This picture was taken circa 2015, during my regular explorations of Metro Manila documenting its historical landmarks.