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Lex Veritas: Debate Society, 960 Aurora Boulevard, Quezon City (2026)

14/08/2026

𝘓𝘦𝘹 𝘝𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘵𝘢𝘴 𝘤𝘢𝘭𝘭𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘤𝘰𝘶𝘳𝘵 𝘵𝘰 𝘰𝘳𝘥𝘦𝘳. 𝘛𝘳𝘶𝘵𝘩 𝘪𝘴 𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘭𝘢𝘸, 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘴𝘰𝘯 𝘪𝘴 𝘰𝘶𝘳 𝘷𝘰𝘪𝘤𝘦. ⚖️

We are thrilled to share that 𝐋𝐞𝐱 𝐕𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐬: 𝐃𝐞𝐛𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐒𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐭𝐲 has 𝙤𝙛𝙛𝙞𝙘𝙞𝙖𝙡𝙡𝙮 𝙬𝙧𝙖𝙥𝙥𝙚𝙙 𝙪𝙥 𝙤𝙪𝙧 𝙍𝙚𝙘𝙧𝙪𝙞𝙩𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩 𝙀𝙫𝙚𝙣𝙩 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝘼𝙘𝙖𝙙𝙚𝙢𝙞𝙘 𝙔𝙚𝙖𝙧 2026-2027!

We are so proud to welcome our newest aspiring members, each one bringing genuine passion for 𝙡𝙖𝙬, 𝙟𝙪𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘𝙚, 𝙘𝙧𝙞𝙩𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙞𝙣𝙠𝙞𝙣𝙜, 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙢𝙚𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙣𝙜𝙛𝙪𝙡 𝙥𝙪𝙗𝙡𝙞𝙘 𝙙𝙞𝙨𝙘𝙤𝙪𝙧𝙨𝙚 to our community.

Together, let us build a space where we dare to 𝙦𝙪𝙚𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙬𝙞𝙩𝙝 𝙘𝙤𝙪𝙧𝙖𝙜𝙚, 𝙡𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙚𝙣 𝙬𝙞𝙩𝙝 𝙖𝙣 𝙤𝙥𝙚𝙣 𝙢𝙞𝙣𝙙, 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙧𝙚𝙡𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙡𝙚𝙨𝙨𝙡𝙮 𝙥𝙪𝙧𝙨𝙪𝙚 what is right even when the path ahead is challenging.

May we stand together as 𝙖𝙨 𝙩𝙝𝙞𝙣𝙠𝙚𝙧𝙨, 𝙨𝙥𝙚𝙖𝙠𝙚𝙧𝙨, 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙙𝙫𝙤𝙘𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙨, 𝙪𝙣𝙞𝙩𝙚𝙙 𝙗𝙮 𝙤𝙪𝙧 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙢𝙞𝙩𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩 𝙩𝙤 𝙩𝙧𝙪𝙩𝙝 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙛𝙖𝙞𝙧𝙣𝙚𝙨𝙨.⚜️

Membership is still open! 𝐀𝐩𝐩𝐥𝐲 𝐧𝐨𝐰 𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐠𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐰:
🔗 https://forms.gle/QqUyCuNSp4R7uQZy6

𝒇𝒊𝒂𝒕 𝒋𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒂 𝒓𝒖𝒂𝒕 𝒄𝒂𝒆𝒍𝒖𝒎!

𝙎𝙥𝙞𝙚𝙡𝙚𝙙 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝘾𝙤𝙡𝙡𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙡 𝙋𝙧𝙚𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙚𝙙 𝙗𝙮: Marla Pajar

09/08/2026

Are you passionate about 𝐩𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐬? Eager to sharpen your 𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠? Or curious to explore the worlds of 𝐥𝐚𝐰, 𝐣𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐞, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐩𝐮𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐜 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐬𝐞?

If any of these 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐲𝐨𝐮’𝐫𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭 𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐞!

𝙇𝙚𝙭 𝙑𝙚𝙧𝙞𝙩𝙖𝙨: 𝘿𝙚𝙗𝙖𝙩𝙚 𝙎𝙤𝙘𝙞𝙚𝙩𝙮 is officially opening its doors!

What is 𝙇𝙚𝙭 𝙑𝙚𝙧𝙞𝙩𝙖𝙨: 𝘿𝙚𝙗𝙖𝙩𝙚 𝙎𝙤𝙘𝙞𝙚𝙩𝙮? 📄🖋

Lex Veritas is an official student organization at World Citi Colleges, Quezon City, dedicated to the social sciences through 𝐚𝐜𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐦𝐢𝐜 𝐝𝐞𝐛𝐚𝐭𝐞, 𝐦𝐨𝐜𝐤 𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐬, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐩𝐮𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐜 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐚𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠.

𝙇𝙚𝙭 𝙑𝙚𝙧𝙞𝙩𝙖𝙨: 𝘿𝙚𝙗𝙖𝙩𝙚 𝙎𝙤𝙘𝙞𝙚𝙩𝙮: a foundation of 𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐭𝐡, a belief that requires 𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐲, 𝐣𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐞, and the 𝐜𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐞 to stand for what is right when it matters.

These core values guides every argument we make, every case we present, reminding us that behind every 𝐝𝐞𝐛𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐩𝐮𝐫𝐬𝐮𝐢𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐣𝐮𝐬𝐭 and true for everyone.

𝐀𝐩𝐩𝐥𝐲 𝐧𝐨𝐰 𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐠𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐰:
🔗 https://forms.gle/QqUyCuNSp4R7uQZy6
🔗 https://forms.gle/QqUyCuNSp4R7uQZy6
🔗 https://forms.gle/QqUyCuNSp4R7uQZy6

𝒇𝒊𝒂𝒕 𝒋𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒂 𝒓𝒖𝒂𝒕 𝒄𝒂𝒆𝒍𝒖𝒎!

𝙎𝙥𝙞𝙚𝙡𝙚𝙙 𝙗𝙮: Marla Pajar
𝘾𝙤𝙡𝙡𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙡 𝙋𝙧𝙚𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙚𝙙 𝙗𝙮: Marla Pajar

09/08/2026

Meet the 𝙄𝙣𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙞𝙢 𝙊𝙛𝙛𝙞𝙘𝙚𝙧𝙨 of Lex Veritas: Debate Society ⚖️

As an 𝙄𝙣𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙞𝙢 𝙊𝙛𝙛𝙞𝙘𝙚𝙧𝙨, the position that are entrusted may be temporary, but the responsibility the officers hold is 𝙖𝙥𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙖𝙘𝙝 𝙬𝙞𝙩𝙝 𝙪𝙩𝙢𝙤𝙨𝙩 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙫𝙞𝙩𝙮. The Interim Officers are here to build a strong foundation—to support our fellow Lexians and to ensure that the society will continue to move forward.

The Interim Officers are not here just to hold positions—they are here to 𝙨𝙚𝙧𝙫𝙚, 𝙡𝙚𝙖𝙙, 𝙜𝙧𝙤𝙬 𝙩𝙤𝙜𝙚𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙧. With a commitment to fairness, clarity, and meaningful discourse, the interim officers aim to create a society where every voice is heard, every argument is challenged, and every perspective is valued.

Here’s to a year of 𝙗𝙤𝙡𝙙 𝙖𝙧𝙜𝙪𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙨, 𝙢𝙚𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙣𝙜𝙛𝙪𝙡 𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙣𝙚𝙘𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙨, 𝙪𝙣𝙛𝙤𝙧𝙜𝙚𝙩𝙩𝙖𝙗𝙡𝙚 𝙚𝙭𝙥𝙚𝙧𝙞𝙚𝙣𝙘𝙚𝙨, 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙚𝙩𝙞𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝙨𝙪𝙘𝙘𝙚𝙨𝙨.

Lex Veritas—where voices become arguments, and arguments comes with 𝙄𝙣𝙩𝙚𝙜𝙧𝙞𝙩𝙮 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙄𝙢𝙥𝙖𝙘𝙩.

𝒇𝒊𝒂𝒕 𝒋𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒂 𝒓𝒖𝒂𝒕 𝒄𝒂𝒆𝒍𝒖𝒎!

𝙎𝙥𝙞𝙚𝙡𝙚𝙙 𝙗𝙮: Ashley Marie B. Espina
𝘾𝙤𝙡𝙡𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙡 𝙋𝙧𝙚𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙚𝙙 𝙗𝙮: Marla Pajar and Ashley Marie B.

26/04/2026

𝗟𝗘𝗫 𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗔𝗦: 𝗗𝗘𝗕𝗔𝗧𝗘 𝗦𝗢𝗖𝗜𝗘𝗧𝗬
𝗠𝗢𝗖𝗞 𝗧𝗥𝗜𝗔𝗟 & 𝗣𝗥𝗘-𝗧𝗥𝗜𝗔𝗟 𝗦𝗜𝗠𝗨𝗟𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟲

In pursuit of academic excellence and the advancement of legal literacy, the Lex Veritas: Debate Society successfully conducted its Mock Trial & Pre-Trial Simulation 2026. This culminating activity served to faithfully replicate the procedural and substantive framework of criminal litigation as it exists under Philippine law.

Participants stepped into the roles of judges, counsels, witnesses, and court personnel, engaging in a rigorous and immersive exercise that demanded a true mastery of the law alongside discipline, precision, and advocacy. The simulation highlighted the practical application of the Revised Penal Code, the Rules of Court, and the Rules of Evidence in the adjudication of a criminal case.

This event stands as a testament to the Society’s commitment to shaping future legal minds that are grounded in reason, guided by justice, and committed to the truth.

𝗖𝗮𝘀𝗲: 𝙋𝙚𝙤𝙥𝙡𝙚 𝙤𝙛 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙋𝙝𝙞𝙡𝙞𝙥𝙥𝙞𝙣𝙚𝙨 𝙫𝙨. 𝙈𝙖𝙧𝙠 𝘼𝙣𝙩𝙝𝙤𝙣𝙮 𝙍𝙚𝙮𝙚𝙨
𝙑𝙚𝙣𝙪𝙚: Audio Visual Room (AVR), World Citi Colleges, Quezon City
𝗗𝗮𝘁𝗲: April 23, 2026 | 2:30PM - 6:00PM
𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗰𝗲𝗱𝘂𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗙𝗹𝗼𝘄: The proceedings followed the standard judicial track, beginning with the Arraignment and the Pre-Trial Conference, followed by the Trial Proper for the presentation of evidence, and concluding with the Promulgation of Judgment.

The entirety of the simulation was conducted under the expert supervision and guidance of our esteemed Legal Resource Person, Atty. Clayde Von Jape Pogado. His expertise ensured the accuracy, propriety, and pedagogical value of the exercise.

As this marks the Society’s final event for the Academic Year 2025–2026, we extend our sincere appreciation to all participants for their dedication, professionalism, and invaluable contributions to the success of this undertaking.

Lex Veritas remains steadfast in its mission to uphold truth, reason, and justice through experiential legal education.

𝗦𝗽𝗶𝗲𝗹 & 𝗖𝗼𝗹𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗽𝗿𝗲𝗽𝗮𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝗯𝘆: Alyanie May D. Caballero

21/04/2026

𝗟𝗘𝗫 𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗔𝗦: 𝗗𝗘𝗕𝗔𝗧𝗘 𝗦𝗢𝗖𝗜𝗘𝗧𝗬
𝗠𝗢𝗖𝗞 𝗧𝗥𝗜𝗔𝗟 & 𝗣𝗥𝗘-𝗧𝗥𝗜𝗔𝗟 𝗦𝗜𝗠𝗨𝗟𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟲

In pursuit of academic excellence and the advancement of legal literacy, the Lex Veritas: Debate Society will conduct its Mock Trial and Pre-Trial Simulation 2026, a comprehensive exercise designed to faithfully mirror the procedural and substantive dimensions of criminal litigation under our Philippine law.

This event will featured a full simulation of a criminal proceeding entitled 𝙋𝙚𝙤𝙥𝙡𝙚 𝙤𝙛 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙋𝙝𝙞𝙡𝙞𝙥𝙥𝙞𝙣𝙚𝙨 𝙫𝙨. 𝙈𝙖𝙧𝙠 𝘼𝙣𝙩𝙝𝙤𝙣𝙮 𝙍𝙚𝙮𝙚𝙨, involving the application of the 𝗥𝗲𝘃𝗶𝘀𝗲𝗱 𝗣𝗲𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗖𝗼𝗱𝗲, particularly 𝘼𝙧𝙩𝙞𝙘𝙡𝙚𝙨 308 and 309, in relation to 𝙍𝙚𝙥𝙪𝙗𝙡𝙞𝙘 𝘼𝙘𝙩 𝙉𝙤. 10951, as well as the observance of the Rules on 𝘾𝙧𝙞𝙢𝙞𝙣𝙖𝙡 𝙋𝙧𝙤𝙘𝙚𝙙𝙪𝙧𝙚 and the 𝙍𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙤𝙣 𝙀𝙫𝙞𝙙𝙚𝙣𝙘𝙚. Participants and members assumed the roles of judges, counsels, witnesses, and court personnel, thereby engaging in a rigorous and immersive legal process.

𝗖𝗮𝘀𝗲 𝗜𝗻𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻:
• People of the Philippines vs. Mark Anthony Reyes
• Theft under Articles 308 and 309 of the Revised Penal Code in relation to R.A. 10951

𝗗𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗣𝗹𝗮𝗰𝗲:
• April 23, 2026 (Thursday)
• 2:00 PM – 6:00 PM
• Senior High School Audio Visual Room (AVR), World Citi Colleges – Quezon City

𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗰𝗲𝗱𝘂𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗙𝗹𝗼𝘄 𝗼𝗳 𝗘𝘃𝗲𝗻𝘁:
• Arraignment
• Pre-Trial Conference
• Trial Proper (Presentation of Evidence and Witness Examination)
• Promulgation of Judgment

This initiative served as a platform for the practical application of courtroom decorum, legal reasoning, evidentiary principles, and advocacy skills, reinforcing the Society’s commitment to cultivating future legal minds grounded in discipline, integrity, and jurisprudential awareness.

The entirety of the proceedings was conducted under the supervision and guidance of our esteemed 𝗟𝗲𝗴𝗮𝗹 𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗼𝗻, 𝘼𝙩𝙩𝙮. 𝘾𝙡𝙖𝙮𝙙𝙚 𝙑𝙤𝙣 𝙅𝙖𝙥𝙚 𝙋𝙤𝙜𝙖𝙙𝙤, whose expertise ensured the accuracy, propriety, and educational value of the simulation.

Lex Veritas remains steadfast in its mission to uphold truth, reason, and justice through experiential legal education.

𝘾𝙪𝙧𝙨𝙪𝙨 𝘾𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙖𝙚 𝙚𝙨𝙩 𝙇𝙚𝙭 𝘾𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙖𝙚

𝗦𝗽𝗶𝗲𝗹 𝗯𝘆: Gerald Andrei O. Arizala
𝗖𝗼𝗹𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗣𝗿𝗲𝗽𝗮𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝗯𝘆: Alyanie May D. Caballero

09/03/2026

⚖️ 𝐋𝐄𝐗 𝐕𝐄𝐑𝐈𝐓𝐀𝐒 𝐌𝐎𝐂𝐊 𝐓𝐑𝐈𝐀𝐋 𝐈𝐍𝐓𝐄𝐍𝐒𝐈𝐕𝐄 𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐈𝐍𝐈𝐍𝐆: 𝐖𝐄𝐄𝐊 𝟐 ⚖️

On 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡 𝟕, 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟔, the Lex Veritas Debate Society convened for a rigorous exploration of the Philippine adversarial system. Our Week 2 session, titled "𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐓𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐅𝐥𝐨𝐰, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐏𝐫𝐞-𝐓𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥" provided participants with a comprehensive overview of the procedural trajectory of a criminal action, extending from the initial arraignment to the final promulgation of judgment.

Discussants:
𝑼𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒖𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝑨𝒕𝒕𝒚. 𝑪𝒍𝒂𝒚𝒅𝒆 𝑷𝒐𝒈𝒂𝒅𝒐

- Plizha Summer – Proper Trial Flow, Arraignment, and Pre-Trial
- Liner Bernaldo – Trial Proper (Prosecution and Defense) and Decision
- Gerald Arizala – Case Recitation & Digest

𝐀𝐫𝐫𝐚𝐢𝐠𝐧𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐓𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬
- Unlike common law jurisdictions utilizing jury systems, criminal cases in the Philippines are decided by a judge of the court. We examined the Arraignment stage, where the personal presence of the accused is a jurisdictional requirement to enter a plea. Whether the accused pleads Guilty, Not Guilty, or stands mute, this stage is a condition precedent to the commencement of the trial proper.

𝐏𝐫𝐞-𝐓𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥
- Participants deliberated on how Pre-Trial Conferences organize proceedings through essential procedural mechanisms:

𝐏𝐥𝐞𝐚 𝐁𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠: Negotiating for a lesser offense.
𝐒𝐭𝐢𝐩𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐅𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐬: Admitting undisputed facts to dispense with unnecessary testimony.
𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐨𝐟 𝐄𝐯𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞: The identification and pre-marking of exhibits and witnesses.
These steps are vital to narrowing the issues and ensuring the speedy disposition of cases.

𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐄𝐯𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 & 𝐃𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐞 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐞𝐬
- The Prosecution carries the onus probandi (burden of proof) to establish the guilt of the accused beyond reasonable doubt. Conversely, the Defense may challenge the sufficiency of the Prosecution’s evidence through several remedies:

𝐃𝐞𝐦𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐫 𝐭𝐨 𝐄𝐯𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞: A motion to dismiss based on the insufficiency of the prosecution's evidence.
𝐀𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐃𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐞𝐬: Presenting alibis or justifications.
𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐜𝐞𝐝𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐬: Exposing lapses in warrantless arrests or the chain of custody.

𝐋𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤 𝐃𝐨𝐜𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐂𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐜𝐞𝐝𝐮𝐫𝐞
- Participants analyzed two seminal Supreme Court rulings:

𝐏𝐞𝐨𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐯. 𝐌𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐨 [𝐆.𝐑. 𝐍𝐨𝐬. 𝟏𝟒𝟕𝟔𝟕𝟖-𝟖𝟕, 𝐉𝐮𝐥𝐲 𝟎𝟕, 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟒]: Established the "Intermediate Review" system, requiring the Court of Appeals to review cases involving life imprisonment or the death penalty before elevation to the Supreme Court.
𝐓𝐢𝐣𝐚𝐦 𝐯. 𝐏𝐞𝐨𝐩𝐥𝐞 [𝐆.𝐑. 𝐍𝐨. 𝟐𝟓𝟏𝟕𝟑𝟐, 𝐉𝐮𝐥𝐲 𝟏𝟎, 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟑]: a case involving simple theft that reaffirmed the Equipoise Rule, which states that when the evidence of the prosecution and defense is equally balanced, the court must rule in favor of the accused.

𝐌𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐋𝐞𝐠𝐚𝐥 𝐀𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐬 & 𝐖𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠
- Members practiced fundamental frameworks for structured legal reasoning:

𝐈𝐑𝐀𝐂 𝐌𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐝 (Issue, Rule, Analysis, Conclusion): Used for drafting concise and persuasive Case Digests.
𝐀𝐋𝐀𝐂 𝐌𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐝 (Answer, Legal Basis, Analysis, Conclusion): Utilized for mastering Oral Recitations and responding to judicial inquiries.

𝐒𝐩𝐢𝐞𝐥 𝐛𝐲: Gerald Andrei O. Arizala | Minister
𝐂𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐛𝐲: Alyanie May D. Caballero | Public Information Officer

01/03/2026

The Officers and Members of Lex Veritas: Debate Society hereby formally recognize and affirm the appointment of 𝐂𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐫𝐞 𝐌𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐨 as the duly inducted 𝐒𝐞𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐲-𝐆𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐥.

Pursuant to the collective confidence reposed in her competence, diligence, and unwavering adherence to the principles of reasoned discourse, she hereby assumes the administrative and institutional stewardship of this Society. This designation is not merely titular but 𝐟𝐢𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐫𝐲 in nature, charging her with the preservation of institutional order, the maintenance of procedural integrity, and the faithful ex*****on of the Society’s task mandates.

In her capacity as Secretary-General, she is hereby vested with the authority to ensure that all deliberations, resolutions, and official acts of Lex Veritas are duly recorded, authenticated, and promulgated in strict accordance with the governing framework. As the custodian of institutional memory and the guarantor of operational continuity, she shall safeguard both the formal requirements and the substantive merits of the Society’s undertakings.

It is the mandate of this body that her tenure be characterized by prudence, impartiality, and administrative exactitude, attributes indispensable to the orderly conduct of debate and the principled pursuit of truth. May her leadership fortify our commitment to lex et veritas, and may her service redound to the 𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐨𝐫, 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲, and enduring 𝐞𝐱𝐜𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 of Lex Veritas: Debate Society.

𝐒𝐨 𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐠𝐧𝐢𝐳𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐦𝐞𝐝.

𝐒𝐩𝐢𝐞𝐥 & 𝐂𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐛𝐲: Alyanie May D. Caballero

11/02/2026

Whereas, on 𝐅𝐞𝐛𝐫𝐮𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝟎𝟕, 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟔, 𝐋𝐞𝐱 𝐕𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐬: 𝐃𝐞𝐛𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐒𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐭𝐲 convened via 𝐆𝐨𝐨𝐠𝐥𝐞 𝐌𝐞𝐞𝐭 for the inaugural session of the 𝐌𝐨𝐜𝐤 𝐓𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐓𝐫𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 discussed by 𝐀𝐭𝐭𝐲. 𝐂𝐥𝐚𝐲𝐝𝐞 𝐕𝐨𝐧 𝐉𝐚𝐩𝐞 𝐏𝐨𝐠𝐚𝐝𝐨, to explore the mechanics of trial-level litigation; this pedagogical exercise successfully distinguished the Mock Trial, which focuses on the presentation of empirical evidence, from Moot Court, which prioritizes appellate advocacy, and formal Debate, which centers on logical conclusions rather than specific attorney roles. Considering that, the session examined the adversarial nature of criminal cases in the Philippines, where the Prosecution represents the People of the Philippines as the "𝐋𝐚𝐰𝐲𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐞," while the Defense ensures the State meets its heavy burden of proof.

Furthermore, the discussion highlighted the essential roles of the 𝐂𝐥𝐞𝐫𝐤 𝐨𝐟 𝐂𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐭, 𝐁𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐟𝐟, and 𝐒𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐨𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡𝐞𝐫 in facilitating the flow of the trial, and clarified that the 𝐏𝐮𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐜 𝐀𝐭𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲’𝐬 𝐎𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐞 (𝐏𝐀𝐎) provides free legal assistance specifically to indigent persons whose monthly income does not exceed ₱𝟐𝟐,𝟎𝟎𝟎.

The discussion transitioned into the technical foundations of criminal liability, anchored by the principle of 𝒏𝒖𝒍𝒍𝒖𝒎 𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒏, 𝒏𝒖𝒍𝒍𝒂 𝒑𝒐𝒆𝒏𝒂 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒆 and the doctrine of 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐭𝐲, which dictates that criminal laws cannot be applied retroactively. We analyzed how liability requires the concurrence of a physical act (𝐀𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐬 𝐑𝐞𝐮𝐬) and a guilty mind (𝐌𝐞𝐧𝐬 𝐑𝐞𝐚), categorized under the Revised Penal Code as either dolo (𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭) or culpa (𝐍𝐞𝐠𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞). In view of the foregoing, the society utilized "𝐅𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐌𝐚𝐭𝐡" to analyze how specific qualifying elements transform a charge, such as the use of violence elevating 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐟𝐭 to 𝐑𝐨𝐛𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐲, while distinguishing 𝒎𝒂𝒍𝒂 𝒊𝒏 𝒔𝒆 acts from 𝒎𝒂𝒍𝒂 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒉𝒊𝒃𝒊𝒕𝒂 violations. The strategic formulation of legal theories was emphasized, identifying the trial court's role as a trier of fact, whereas questions of law regarding statutory application are typically reserved for the Supreme Court.

Wherefore, the training concluded by reviewing the 𝐑𝐮𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐧 𝐄𝐯𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞, asserting that success in the courtroom relies heavily on the 𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐬, whose testimony must be derived from personal perception and remain subject to 𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 for bias or inconsistency. Therefore, the session emphasized that in order to achieve moral certainty, the prosecution must prove 𝐠𝐮𝐢𝐥𝐭 𝐛𝐞𝐲𝐨𝐧𝐝 𝐚 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐝𝐨𝐮𝐛𝐭, a constitutional mandate that places the 𝐛𝐮𝐫𝐝𝐞𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐨𝐟 squarely on the State. The 𝐂𝐨𝐝𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐟𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐀𝐜𝐜𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 (𝐂𝐏𝐑𝐀) is still upheld by Lex Veritas, which challenges each member to seek justice within the conditions of honor and truth while acting competently and honorably.

𝐒𝐩𝐢𝐞𝐥 𝐁𝐲: Gerald Andrei O. Arizala
𝐂𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐁𝐲: Alyanie May D. Caballero
𝐆𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬𝐚𝐧𝐭: Atty. Clayde Von Jape Pogado

05/01/2026

[𝐎𝐅𝐅𝐈𝐂𝐈𝐀𝐋 𝐔𝐏𝐃𝐀𝐓𝐄: 𝐅𝐈𝐒𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐀𝐂𝐂𝐎𝐔𝐍𝐓𝐀𝐁𝐈𝐋𝐈𝐓𝐘 & 𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐍𝐒𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐄𝐍𝐂𝐘]

At Lex Veritas: The Debate Society, we believe that integrity should be found not just in our arguments, but in how we handle our resources. Whereas before we proceed to 𝐘𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟔, we strive for complete transparency with our members and supporters, the Finance Committee is hereby releasing the official summary of our financial operations from September 25 to December 19, 2025.

Through our joint efforts during Academic Week—specifically our booth operations and the sale of our club pins—the society generated a total revenue of ₱11,275.00. After carefully settling all operational costs and procurement expenses, we are pleased to report a gross profit of ₱6,092.50, leaving the society with a secure ending fund balance of ₱4,603.50.

Wherefore, these funds are herewith earmarked to support our upcoming tournaments, training sessions, and club initiatives for the next semester. Every transaction has been meticulously documented by our Comptroller and Auditor to ensure that every peso contributed by our members is used responsibly.

We forego old habits of informal reporting to forthwith proceed with a new standard of financial excellence. Members who wish to review the detailed "Notes to Financial Statements" you may view them at the end of the document.

𝐒𝐩𝐢𝐞𝐥 𝐁𝐲: Alyanie May D. Caballero
𝐂𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐁𝐲: Gerald Andrei Arizala & Irish Clavo
𝐑𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰𝐞𝐝 𝐁𝐲: Mr. Kurt Symon Cruz

02/12/2025

𝐀𝐫𝐠𝐮𝐞, 𝐑𝐞𝐛𝐮𝐭𝐭, and 𝐖𝐢𝐧! 👑🏆

The Final Round debate was an intense 90-minute clash of rhetoric, running from 1:30 PM to 3:00 PM. Teams argued the resolution concerning:

State should lower the minimum age of criminal responsibility from 15 to 10 years old for children accused of committing heinous crimes, thereby amending Republic Act No. 9344 (Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act).

The debate was structured to ensure a thorough analysis, moving systematically through three crucial areas: the 𝐧𝐞𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐲 of the measure, the 𝐛𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬 it would serve, and finally, the 𝐩𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 of its real-world implementation.

congratulations to the 𝐍𝐄𝐆𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐕𝐄 𝐒𝐈𝐃𝐄—our undisputed 𝑪𝑯𝑨𝑴𝑷𝑰𝑶𝑵 of the debate!
Securing an impressive 87% score who proved the power of negation and rebuttal! Your critical thinking and persuasive arguments were truly outstanding.

From 12 HUMSS 1
𝐿𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑟:
- Estrada, Prince J.
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑟𝑠:
- Dayta, Joshua Emmanuel M.
- Tahaw, David Matthew

And to our 1st 𝑷𝑳𝑨𝑪𝑬𝑹, a huge round of applause goes to the 𝐀𝐅𝐅𝐈𝐑𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐕𝐄 𝐒𝐈𝐃𝐄 who battled fiercely and earned an excellent 77% score.

From 11 HUMSS 1
𝐿𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑟:
- Espina, Ashley Marie B.
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑟𝑠:
- Javier, Casey Liane R.
- Novida, Andrei Justine C.

We are honored to introduce the distinguished 𝑱𝒖𝒅𝒈𝒆𝒔 overseeing the said Debate.
- Ms. Cathryn Joy Palacio
- Ms. Natalie R. Regodos
- Ms. Christiane Marie Bigcas
- Ms. Ma. Aaisha Shahid Amaia Adaza
- Ms. Henjie Dino

We extend our sincere gratitude to the 𝑮𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒎𝒊𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒆 (Presiding Officers)
- Mr. Gerald Andrei O. Arizala (Chairperson)
- Mr. Liner Bernaldo Jr.
- Ms. Plizha Summer Samonte

and the diligent 𝑴𝒊𝒏𝒐𝒓 𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒎𝒊𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒆 (Fallacy Citation)
𝐴𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒
1. Ms. Claire Meregillano
2. Ms. Bianca Ashley Singson
3. Ms. Michaela N. Dacles
4. Mr. Clarenz Medija

𝑁𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒
1. Ms. Michailah Pragata
2. Ms. Nicole Danoy
3. Ms. Alyanie May D. Caballero
4. Ms. Angeline Doctor

And to the very hard working 𝑴𝒐𝒅𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒔
- Ms. Irish Delas Alas
- Ms. Shuyen Andrea Lagunzad

This rigorous process ensured that the final ruling by the Ponente was based on the strongest, most logical arguments. A truly meaningful exercise in rhetoric and governance analysis!

Spiel & Collateral By: Alyanie May Caballero | Public Information Officer

Lex Veritas: Debate Society

14/08/2026

09/08/2026

09/08/2026

26/04/2026

21/04/2026

09/03/2026

01/03/2026

11/02/2026

05/01/2026

02/12/2025

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