Literary Criticism

Which literary theory argues that all texts are influenced by and respond to previous texts, forming an ongoing dialogue?

The image below, courtesy of Skylar Burris, maps the various approaches to literaty criticism in relation to the literary piece that is going to be criticized.

The Marxist theory of literary criticism views literature as a reflection of the society and its socioeconomic structures. This approach focuses on the relationship between literature and the prevailing class struggles, as well as the role of literature in shaping or reflecting the class consciousness of society.

According to Marxist criticism, the dominant class uses literature as a tool to maintain its power and control over the masses, while the oppressed class uses literature as a means of resistance and protest against the dominant class. In this sense, Marxist critics examine the literary work for evidence of the class struggle and for any indications of the author's own political and economic views.

For example, in a Marxist reading of Charles Dickens' "Oliver Twist," the critic might focus on the portrayal of the impoverished and oppressed characters in the novel, and how their struggle against the wealthy and corrupt class reflects the broader struggle of the working class in Victorian England. The critic might also examine how Dickens uses literary techniques such as characterization, plot, and imagery to convey his own political views on poverty and social justice.

Overall, the Marxist theory of literary criticism provides a framework for analyzing literature in the context of its historical and cultural background, as well as its political and economic implications. It allows the critic to understand how literature reflects the societal structures and relationships of power, and how it can be used as a tool for both oppression and resistance.

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