01/02/2024
Jose Ma. Panganiban y Enverga (February 1, 1863 – August 19, 1890) was a Filipino propagandist, linguist, and essayist. He is one of the main writers and contributors for La Solidaridad, writing under the pen names "Jomapa" and "J.M.P."
José María Panganiban
Born
José María Panganiban y Enverga
February 1, 1863
Mambulao, Camarines, Captaincy General of the Philippines, Spanish Empire
Died
August 19, 1890 (aged 27)
Barcelona, Spain
Monuments
Jose Panganiban, Daet, and Naga, Camarines Sur
Nationality
Spanish, Filipino
Pen names
Jomapa, J.M.P.
Alma mater
Holy Rosary Seminary, Colegio de San Juan de Letran, University of Santo Tomas, University of Barcelona
Occupation(s)
Writer, journalist
Organization(s)
La Solidaridad, Asociacion Hispano-Filipina, Free Masonry
Movement
Philippine Revolution
Since his mother died early, Panganiban grew up in the care of his father, the clerk of the court in Daet.
His father sent him to Holy Rosary Seminary and became the protégé of the seminary rector Fr. Santoja.
Father Santoja became instrumental for Panganiban’s studies in Manila.
While at the University in 1887, he wrote Anatomia de Regines which was recognized as one of his brilliant literary works.
His papers on general pathology, therapeutics and surgical anatomy was also awarded prizes.
An anthology of his works was gathered by Fr. Gregorio Echevarria, rector of University of Santo Tomas, and sent to be exhibited at the 1887 Exposicion General de Filipinas in Madrid.
His Works
He joined reformist groups such as the Asociacion Hispano-Filipina and La Solidaridad because he believed in instituting reforms in the Philippines, and used the pen names "Jomapa" and "J.M.P."
On April 25, 1889 Panganiban signed a petition addressed to the Spanish Minister of Colonies, requesting Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes.
Being one of the writers of the La Solidaridad, he called the attention of the Spaniards on the freedom of the press and criticized the educational system in the Philippines.
His works were recognized by Jose Rizal who even said "He was a true orator, of easy and energetic words, vigorous in concepts and of practical and transcedental ideas".
Jose Maria Panganiban y Enverga
Holy Rosary Seminary
Colegio de San Juan Letran (Bachelor of Arts, 1883 and Agriculture, 1885)
University of Santo Tomas (Medical courses)
University of Barcelona (Continued his medical studies)
Jose Maria Panganiban (Jomapa)
Early Life
Born on Febuary 1, 1863, raised in Mambulao Camarines Norte. His parents are Vicente Panganiban (Hagonoy, Bulacan) and Juana Enverga (Mauban, Quezon). He is youngest among his three siblings. Panganiban developed his interest in reading at an early age from reading the cartilla, caton and catecismo taught by his mother.
In May 1888, Panganiban sailed for Spain and continued his medical studies at the University of Barcelona, Spain, where he met other Filipino propagandists agitating for reforms in the colony.
Anatomia de Regines
La Solidaridad
Articles:
El Pensamiento
La Universidad de Manila: Su Plan de Estudio
Los Nuevos Ayuntamientos de Filipinas
Short stories and others:
Ang Lupang Tinubuan
Noches en Mambulao
Sa Aking buhay
Bahia de Mambulao
La Mejerde Oro
Death
Panganiban contracted tuberculosis and apologized to Rizal that he couldn't help further in the movement.
La Solidaridad
On August 19, 1890, death came to him in his boarding house at No. 2 Rambla de Canaletas, Barcelona. He was buried in Southwest Cemetery of Barcelona.
His grave has the epitaph: Here lies the avenger of the honor of the Filipinos, written by Graciano Lopez Jaena."
He died at the age of 27.
La Solidaridad (The Solidarity) was an organization created in Spain on December 13, 1888. Composed of Filipino liberals exiled in 1872 and students attending Europe's universities, the organization aimed to increase Spanish awareness of the needs of its colony, the Philippines, and to propagate a closer relationship between the colony and Spain.
Dr. Domingo Abella, a historian, located the remains of his province mate in Spain and brought them back to the Philippines. His remains now lie inside the pedestal of the Jose Ma. Panganiban Monument, installed by the National Historical Institute at Jose Panganiban, Camarines Norte.
