School Chuvanes

Good day everyone,
It has been bad news for all of us from these past month. So I just want to share this one, I’m not sure where I found it so credits to the owner.
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No matter how many days you’ve spent crying
No matter how hopeless and depressed you feel
No matter how many days you’ve spent wishing things were different

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Old Souls — The Knowledge of Your Eternal Self
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We are all beautiful souls, though some of us are older and more in tune with our true selves, hence capable of tapping into our soul’s infinite wisdom. Learn about the knowledge old souls have acquired in previous incarnations.

We’ve all heard of Old Souls before, but who or what are they really?

The real you, the Eternal Self, is your soul:

"We are not human beings having a spiritual experience. We are spiritual beings having a human experience." — Pierre Teilhard de Chardin

The people who have incarnated on Earth countless times before and they are now approaching thecompletion of the incarnation cycle, are referred to as old souls.

Throughout their many lives, they have invariably mastered invaluable lessons and now they have a deeper understanding of the world.

Old souls show a pronounced understanding of people and life in general, and have an attitude towards life that is often labeled somewhere between intuitive and philosophical, or even weird and uncanny.

Old souls have a strong intuition, tolerance, and empathy towards others — because they have already “been there and done that” many times before.

Some of the old souls are able to connect with their higher selves and/or their Spirit Guides and, consequently, have easier access to lessons mastered in past lives.

As a result, they are able to gain insights, which (normally) appear to be ahead of their age group.

Even though many people feel like they are old souls because of their intense, tiring, lives, it does not necessarily mean that they are getting close to the completion of their incarnation cycle.

Others have indeed incarnated many times before but instead of being scrupulous about their work,they chose to have fun instead. These are the old souls that really enjoy life on Earth and are not really in a hurry to “graduate.”

Old Souls Accessing Previously Acquired Information

All of us have experienced epiphanies in our lives: during conversations on topics we had no prior knowledge about, offering deep and sound advice to our friends and family (that we didn’t think ourselves capable of), and, at times, quickly understanding the true intentions of a person that we’ve never seen before in our lives, or understanding the outcome of a given situation before actually happening.

That’s because we were able to access previously acquired knowledge or information. This is evidence that most of us have previously acquired and stored knowledge about the world, human society, and the deeper meaning of life.

Though only a handful of people are aware of this, it is actually possible to delve into ourselves through involution, deep meditation or introspection and tap our knowledge pool during self-discovery.

Obviously, the process varies from one person to another, but we all can — one way or another — access knowledge and information from previous lives.

Are YOU and Old Soul?

Your journey towards tapping into the knowledge that you might have gained in a previous incarnation begins with the question: Are you an old soul?

Below are some experiences that are common to all old souls. See how many are applicable to you:

#1 You Look for Deeper Meanings

You find and observe deeper meaning in every aspect of life. You have found yourself contemplating about nearly everything, and you may have been teased by your friends for your philosophical look at the world around you.

Whether it’s a simple gesture from a stranger or colleague, or something that you have done, you often find yourself reflecting about the meaning and reason behind everything.

#2 People Have Found You Mature Beyond Your Years

Since your childhood (or teen years), people have been impressed by your maturity and enjoyed talking with you. You remember experiencing a strong urge to be around people who were older and more mature than you, and enjoyed making conversation with them.

#3 You Prefer the Simpler Pleasures of Life

A short walk, sitting silently in company of a loved one or watching them smile, watching the sunsets, cooking a meal, feeling the wind as you walk back home, etc. (the simple pleasure of life) — all of them make you feel happy and grateful to be alive.

As a result, you have come to attach more value and meaning to experiences rather than material things.

#4 You Believe Solitude is an Important Aspect of Life

You enjoy solitude, sitting with yourself while being mindful of your thoughts. You find that solitude recharges you, allowing you become incredibly introspective of your life. Whilst others find solitude scary or depressing, you, on the other hand, find it necessary.

Perhaps you have intuitively realized that someone — a friend, loved one, or colleague — needs solitude and advised them so, as a remedy for whatever is bothering them.

This does not mean that old souls are necessarily loners or they don’t enjoy the company of others, but they do need their daily time off to recharge their batteries and entertain intellectual ideas.

#5 Empathy and Tolerance Comes Naturally to You

People have pointed out that you are too forgiving of others, but you know that your empathyemerges from a sense of being connected with other people.

You have found yourself at ease with various people because you have never been inclined to judge others for who they are. You have always accepted people as they are.

As a result, you are the person people turn to if they need to take something off their chests, or they are in need of advise.

#6 You Have a Strong Gut Instinct

You are sensitive to your surrounding and social cues. As a result, you tend to trust your intuition and gut instinct.

What if You Are an Old Soul?

If you have answered “yes” to most of the above traits, then yes, you are an old soul and in touch with the wisdom you have accumulated. You are already attuned to your heart’s calling and can easily connect with true self.

If you would like to read more about the Earthly pleasures of old souls, please follow this link.

By Helen E. Williams, DreamcatcherReality.com
(c) http://www.dcollectiveintelligence.com/2015/11/old-souls-knowledge-of-your-eternal-self.html

Old Souls — The Knowledge of Your Eternal Self

Researchers accidentally engineer plastic-eating enzyme
2018/04/17 09:30:02 ©technology.inquirer.net

Eight million tons of plastics enter the oceans every year, much of which has accumulated in five giant garbage patches around the planet, according to a new study. AFP

TAMPA, United States — Researchers in the US and Britain have accidentally engineered an enzyme which eats plastic and may eventually help solve the growing problem of plastic pollution, a study said Monday.

More than eight million tons of plastic are dumped into the world’s oceans every year, and concern is mounting over this petroleum-derived product’s toxic legacy on human health and the environment.

Despite recycling efforts, most plastic can persist for hundreds of years in the environment, so researchers are searching for better ways to eliminate it.

Scientists at the University of Portsmouth and the US Energy Department’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory decided to focus on a naturally occurring bacterium discovered in Japan a few years ago.

Japanese researchers believe the bacterium evolved fairly recently in a waste recycling center, since plastics were not invented until the 1940s.

Known as Ideonella sakaiensis, it appears to feed exclusively on a type of plastic known as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), used widely in plastic bottles.

A useful mutation

The researchers’ goal was to understand how one of its enzymes — called PETase — worked, by figuring out its structure.

“But they ended up going a step further and accidentally engineered an enzyme which was even better at breaking down PET plastics,” said the report in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, a peer-reviewed US journal.

Using a super-powerful X-ray, 10 billion times brighter than the Sun, they were able to make an ultra-high-resolution three-dimensional model of the enzyme.

Scientists from the University of South Florida and the University of Campinas in Brazil did computer modeling which showed PETase looked similar to another enzyme, cutinase, found in fungus and bacteria.

One area of the PETase was a bit different, though, and researchers hypothesized that this was the part that allowed it to degrade man-made plastic.

So they mutated the PETase active site to make it more like cutinase, and unexpectedly found that this mutant enzyme was even better than the natural PETase at breaking down PET.

Researchers say they are now working on further improvements to the enzyme, with the hope of eventually scaling it up for industrial use in breaking down plastics.

“Serendipity often plays a significant role in fundamental scientific research, and our discovery here is no exception,” said study author John McGeehan, professor in the School of Biological Sciences at Portsmouth.

“Although the improvement is modest, this unanticipated discovery suggests that there is room to further improve these enzymes, moving us closer to a recycling solution for the ever-growing mountain of discarded plastics,” McGeehan added. /cbb

Inquirer Technology | Philippine News for Filipinos Philippine News for Filipinos

You probably recognize parsley as a familiar fresh herb or dried spice, but did you know that this everyday herb could prove to be a boon to your health? Even when eaten in small amounts, there are numerous parsley health benefits because it’s packed with beneficial nutrients, essential oils and antioxidants — to the point that it’s often called a superfood.
Parsley benefits the body in many ways and is considered a naturally effective treatment for a wide range of symptoms and diseases. Derived from the petroselinum plant, parsley and parsley essential oil have been used as a natural detox remedy, diuretic, antiseptic and anti-inflammatory agent for centuries in folk medicine. Today, fortunately, many studies back up health claims about parsley that traditional populations have believed for many years.
According to a 2013 report in the Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, parsley has been used as “a treatment of gastrointestinal disorder, hypertension, cardiac disease, urinary disease, diabetes and also various dermal diseases in traditional and folklore medicines.” (1)
The impressive health benefits of parsley come via its active ingredients, which include phenolic compounds, antioxidant flavonoids, essential oils like myristicin and apiol, and various nutrients like vitamins K, C and A.
This makes parsley an all-natural and safe plant to include in your diet in order to act as a free radical scavenger, heart protector, brain protector, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antifungal, and even a digestion soother for its ability to help regulate bowel movements and decrease bloating. (2)
Although more formal research is needed, there is strong evidence for all of these parsley benefits. In addition, parsley and parsley essential oil are associated with helping to fight the following symptoms and disorders: (3, 4)
• Inflammation
• Oxidative stress, or free radical damage
• Anemia
• Bladder infection
• Digestive problems, including Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
• Kidney stones
• Bad breath
• Arthritis
• Bloating, or edema
• Gas
• Acid Reflux
• Constipation
• Poor immunity
• Skin problems
________________________________________
Parsley Nutrition
½ cup of fresh chopped parsley (or about 8 tablespoons) has about: (5)
• 8 calories
• 0 grams of fat, sugar, carbs, protein or fiber
• 496 mg Vitamin K (554%)
• 40 mg Vitamin C (54%)
• 128 mg Vitamin A (15%)
• 48 mg Folate (12%)
• 92 mg Iron (10%)
• 40 mg Calcium (4%)
• 16 mg Magnesium (4%)
• 168 mg Potassium (4%)
• Food & Drinks
• 7 Surprising Health Benefits Of Garlic
7 Surprising Health Benefits Of Garlic
NDTV Food | Updated: September 01, 2017 23:20 IST
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Garlic - a humble ingredient that not only will spruce up your meals but also rev up your health.

There is something irresistible about the aroma of roasted garlic. It is so captivating with its powerful notes, that it has long been used as a flavour booster in curries, stir-fries, pizza toppings, pastas, meat preparations, dips - you name it! It has the power to instantly liven up any dish and treat some of the most common ailments. Read on to unravel some surprising garlic benefits.
• Raw Garlic Could Help Cure Lung Infection
While garlic is a common ingredient in every kitchen, in the ancient times, it was highly valued for its numerous health benefiting properties, which are still followed in many cultures today. Our ancestors have used it as a bug-repellant, Medieval Europe against plague and the Egyptians would even bury it along with their dead!
• The Best Garlic Varieties
The sulphur-containing compound, Allicin, found in fresh, crushed or chewed garlic has anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties, and some startling claims mention that it may help prevent some forms of cancer too. Garlic is a part of the onion family and the 'bulb' of this herb typically consists of 10-20 smaller sections called the 'cloves'. Each small clove is a powerhouse of flavour as well as medicinal properties.

Every 100 grams of garlic will serve you with close to 150 calories, 33 grams of carbs, 6.36 grams of protein. Garlic is also enriched with Vitamin B1, B2, B3, B6, folate, Vitamin C, calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorous, potassium, sodium and zinc.



Dr. Simran Saini, Delhi-based Nutritionist and weight loss consultant is a fan of the medicinal benefits of garlic. She says, "The high sulphur content in garlic gives it antibiotic properties, helping keep the digestive system clean by flushing out toxins. It also builds the immunity against common cold and prevents heart ailments by clearing up blocked arteries. It is great for rejuvenation and healing of skin scars and gives a glow to the skin as it keeps digestion in top-shape." She advises to consume garlic in a specific manner- place a clove between two teeth, bite a little to release its extracts and then swallow whole with water. She says, "the medicinal value of garlic is best unlocked when it is consumed raw."

So here are the 7 best ways to use them -
1. The Blood Purifier
Tired of covering up those zits with concealer every morning? It's time to tackle the root cause of acne by purifying your blood from inside to get healthy skin on the outside. Take two cloves of raw garlic with some warm water everyday, early in the morning and consume a lot of water the entire day. If you're looking to shed some pounds, squeeze the juice of half a lemon in a glass of luke warm water and have it with 2 cloves of garlic in the mornings. Garlic will help to cleanse your system and flush out toxins.
2. Cold and Flu Garlic is going to provide you relief from that stubborn cold and flu (yes, they absolutely love you and never want to leave). Taking 2-3 cloves of raw or cooked garlic a day or sipping some garlic tea (with a touch of honey or ginger to lift up the taste) is not only going to relieve a stuffed nose and cure the cold but also build your immunity against these frequent visitors over time.
According to Dr. Shikha Sharma, Delhi-based Health and Wellness Expert, and founder of Nutrihealth says," One of the earliest uses of garlic was by meat-eaters because it was believed that meat could cause infection which garlic could fight off from the body. More commonly used by labourers who are exposed to infections and disease-friendly environments till recently, its plethora of health benefits has made white-collar workers also take to it."
She added, "Garlic can be added to hot stews, broths and soups to fight sinusitis, cold and flu. And garlic is best had in its raw state."
3. Prevention of Heart Disease
Consuming garlic on a daily basis (in food or raw) helps to lower cholesterol levels because of the anti-oxidant properties of Allicin. It is also immensely beneficial to regulate blood pressure and blood sugar levels. It is essential to remember that the sulphur-containing compound Allicin tends to lose its medicinal properties when garlic is cooked whole. It is imperative to consume garlic raw or semi-cooked to derive any of its benefits.
4. Anti-bacterial and Anti-parasitic
Garlic is one of the best kept medicinal treasures of the past era - it has been used as an antibiotic to treat bacterial, fungal and parasitic infections for the last 7,000 years. Studies suggest diluted garlic extract helps children with tapeworm infections. A garlic-based mouthwash may not sound like fresh, minty breath but a very small quantity of its extracts is sufficient to ward off cavity-causing bacteria.
5. Cancer Prevention
Several studies have indicated an association between daily consumption of garlic and prevention of stomach and colorectal cancers. It is said to strengthen the immunity of the body against cancer.
6. For Skin and Hair
The invigorating properties of garlic protect the skin from the effect of free radicals and slow down the depletion of collagen which leads to loss of elasticity in aging skin. Applied topically, garlic does wonders to skin infected with fungal infections and provides relief from skin ailments like eczema. It is also an effective remedy for fungal infections like athlete's foot and ringworms.
All of us know about the wonders of onion for hair but its brother, garlic is no less of a hero for your thinning mane. Well, its surprise time. Rubbing crushed garlic extract on your scalp or massaging with garlic-infused oil is known to prevent and even reverse hair loss.

7. Splinters
Many of garlic's astounding uses were forgotten in the folds of time but users (and believers) still vouch for the lesser-known benefits. One of them is against stubborn splinters. Place a piece of cut garlic over the splinter cut and cover with a bandage- and voila! Bye-bye splinter.
Caution
1. Asthma patients should not consume garlic as it may have side-effects.
2. Garlic should be avoided before surgeries or medical operations.
3. Do not consume more than 2-3 garlic cloves in a day without consulting a doctor.
Decrease in Risk for Heart Disease
Vegetable oil may decrease the risk for developing heart diseases, according to a study conducted in State University of New York, Buffalo, and published by “The Journal of the American Medical Association” in February 1990. The researchers of this study also observed that the factors associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases, such as increased blood sugar level, increased blood pressure and increased serum cholesterol level, normalized in participants who included vegetable oils in their regular diet.
Decrease in Risk for Breast Cancer
A study conducted in Universita di Milano, Italy, and published in the November 1995 issue of the “Cancer Causes and Control” suggests that the regular use of olive oil and other vegetable oils may be beneficial in decreasing the risk for the development of breast cancer. People who use butter and margarine, on the other hand, have a higher risk of developing breast cancer than those who use vegetable oils.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Vegetable oils, particularly flaxseed oil, nut oil and canola oil, contain omega-3 fatty acids, an essential fatty acid that cannot be synthesized within the body. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, omega-3 plays an important role in the preservation of healthy heart and brain function and the normal growth and development of the body. In fact, the American Heart Association recommends the regular intake of omega-3 fatty acids for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

Ctto.

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/obesity/what-is-bmi.php

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BMI (Body Mass Index)
By The MNT Editorial Team
Last updated Tue 5 January 2016

What is Obesity?
Treatments For Obesity
How to Lose Weight
BMI (Body Mass Index)
BMI Calculators and Charts
BMI - Health Consequences
BMI Limitations

Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of body fat based on your weight in relation to your height, and applies to most adult men and women aged 20 and over. For children aged 2 and over, BMI percentile is the best assessment of body fat.

BMI does not measure body fat directly. However, research indicates that BMI correlates to direct measures of body fat such as underwater weighing and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and is considered an inexpensive and easy-to-perform alternative for these.1,2,4

Contents of this article:

What is BMI?
How to calculate BMI for adults
BMI calculators and charts
How is BMI used with children and teens?
Health consequences of overweight and obese adults
BMI limitations

You will also see introductions at the end of some sections to any recent developments that have been covered by Medical News Today's news stories. Also, look out for links to information about related conditions.
Fast facts on BMI

Here are some key points about BMI. More detail and supporting information is in the main article.

Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of relative size based on the mass and height of an individual.
The Quetelet Index was devised by Adolphe Quetelet, a Belgian mathematician, astronomer and statistician, in 1832. It was later termed "body mass index" in 1972 by Ancel Keys.
BMI is a simple, inexpensive and noninvasive surrogate measure of body fat.
Factors such as age, s*x, ethnicity and muscle mass are not accounted for in BMI.
For adults 20 years and older, BMI is interpreted by using standard weight status categories that are the same for all ages, and for both men and women.
For children and adolescents between 2-20 years old, BMI is interpreted relative to a child's age and s*x.
BMI is a reasonable indicator of body fat for both adults and children.
Because BMI does not measure body fat directly, it should not be used as a diagnostic tool.
BMI should be used as a measure to track weight status in populations and as a screening tool to identify potential weight problems in individuals.
Other measures of body fat, such as skinfold thicknesses, bioelectrical impedance, underwater weighing and dual energy X-ray absorption, maybe more accurate than BMI.

What is BMI?

BMI is used as a screening tool to indicate whether a person is underweight, overweight, obese or a healthy weight for their height.

If a person's BMI is out of the healthy BMI range, their health risks may increase significantly.3

BMI values are age-independent and the same for both s*xes. However, BMI may not correspond to the same degree of fatness in different populations due to different body proportions.
BMI for men and women
BMI is interpreted by using standard weight status categories.

The health risks associated with an increasing BMI are continuous, and the interpretation of BMI grading in relation to risk may differ for different populations.6

There are two ways to check your BMI:

Use our BMI calculators
Use the BMI chart. First, find your height in the left-hand column. Then, follow it over until you find your weight along the top bar. The number in the center box between the two is your BMI.

Benefits of maintaining a healthy weight

The benefits of maintaining a healthy weight include:4
running from obese to healthy
An exercise plan can help you maintain a healthy BMI.

Fewer joint and muscle pains
Increased energy and ability to join in more activities
Improved regulation of bodily fluids and blood pressure
Reduced burden on the heart and circulatory system
Improved sleep patterns
Reductions in blood triglycerides, blood glucose, and risk of developing type 2 diabetes
Reduced risk for heart disease and certain cancers.

Excess weight increases how hard the heart has to work, it also raises blood pressure, blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels and lowers HDL (good) cholesterol levels. Excess weight can make a person more likely to develop diabetes.

Lifestyle changes that help you maintain a 3-5% weight loss are likely to result in clinically meaningful improvements in blood glucose, triglycerides and risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Greater weight loss can also help reduce blood pressure and improve blood cholesterol.4
How is BMI used?

BMI is not accurate enough to be used as a diagnostic tool. However, it is used as a screening tool to identify potential weight problems in adults.

A person may have a high BMI, yet to determine if this excess weight is a health risk, a health care provider would need to complete further assessments such as:2

Skinfold thickness measurements
Evaluations of diet
Physical activity
Family history
Other appropriate health screenings.

How to calculate BMI for adults

Belgium Statistician Adolphe Quetelet developed the BMI formula approximately 150 years ago.

The calculation of BMI is based on the following formulas:
Metric BMI Formula

Weight (kg) / Height (m)2

With the metric system, the formula for BMI is weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared (kg/m2). Since height is commonly measured in centimeters, divide height in centimeters by 100 to obtain height in meters.
Imperial BMI Formula

(Weight (lbs.) * 703) / Height (inches)2

When using pounds and inches, the formula needs to be altered slightly. Multiply your weight in pounds by 703. Divide that by your height in inches, squared.

Follow us to the next page to work out your BMI with our BMI calculators and charts.
Next Page: BMI Calculators and Charts
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BMI (Body Mass Index): What Is BMI? Learn all about BMI, how to calculate your BMI and what it means

Stellar Nucleosynthesis

Hydrogen and helium and some lithium, boron, and beryllium were created when the universe was created. All of the rest of the elements of the universe were produced by the stars in nuclear fusion reactions. These reactions created the heavier elements from fusing together lighter elements in the central regions of the stars. When the outer layers of a star are thrown back into space, the processed material can be incorporated into gas clouds that will later form stars and planets. The material that formed our solar system incorporated some of the remains of previous stars. All of the atoms on the Earth except hydrogen and most of the helium are recycled material---they were not created on the Earth. They were created in the stars.
The use of the word "created" here is different than what is normally meant by scientists. In chemical reactions, different atoms or combinations of atoms are said to be produced or created when a reaction takes place. For example, in the Earth section of the planets chapter, I said that oxygen was produced in the photosynthesis process of plants. That oxygen then goes into the air and you breathe it in. To be more correct I should have said that the oxygen atoms were moved or broken off from one set of compounds [carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O)] to form a molecule of two oxygen atoms bound together (O2) and a molecule of carbohydrate made of carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms, and oxygen atoms (C6H12O6). Each atom is rearranged or re-used. It was much simpler to say that oxygen was "created" as a by-product of the photosynthesis process. I hope you did not mind. In defense I want you to know that practically everyone, except for the astronomer researching stellar evolution, uses this loose meaning of "creation" .
However, now that you know about stellar nucleosynthesis, I need to be more careful about what is being created from scratch and what is being re-used. Except for the hydrogen and most of the helium atoms, all of the materials around you, in the food you eat and drink, in the air you breathe, in your muscles and bones, in the paper and ink or toner of this book (or computer screen you are reading), everything (!) are made of atoms that were created in the stars. Those atoms are rearranged to produce the vast variety of things around and in you. In the cores of stars and in supernova explosions, new atoms are manufactured from nuclear fusion reactions. You will find out where the hydrogen and most of the helium atoms came from in the cosmology chapter.
The atoms heavier than helium up to the iron and nickel atoms were made in the cores of stars (the process that creates iron also creates a smaller amount of nickel too). The lowest mass stars can only synthesize helium. Stars around the mass of our Sun can synthesize helium, carbon, and oxygen. Massive stars (M* > 8 solar masses) can synthesize helium, carbon, oxygen, neon, magnesium, silicon, sulfur, argon, calcium, titanium, chromium, and iron (and nickel). Elements heavier than iron are made in supernova explosions from the rapid combination of the abundant neutrons with heavy nuclei. Massive red giants are also able to make small amounts of elements heavier than iron (up to mercury and lead) through a slower combination of neutrons with heavy nuclei, but supernova probably generate the majority of elements heavier than iron and nickel (and certainly those heavier than lead up to uranium). The synthesized elements are dispersed into the interstellar medium during the planetary nebula or supernova stage (with supernova being the best way to distribute the heavy elements far and wide). These elements will be later incorporated into giant molecular clouds and eventually become part of future stars and planets (and life forms?)
Although the particulars of various nucleosynthesis processes are beyond the scope of this website, it is important to note a couple of things:
The stellar nucleosynthesis theory correctly predicts the observed abundances of all of the naturally-occuring heavy elements seen on the Earth, meteorites, Sun, other stars, interstellar clouds---everywhere in the universe. (In the cosmology chapter you will see where the hydrogen and most of the helium came from.) We understand now why some elements like carbon, oxygen, silicon, and iron are common and the heaviest elements like gold, mercury, and uranium are so rare.
In order to create a terrestrial planet like the Earth (and life on such a planet), enough of the heavy elements have to be created in previous generations of stars and then concentrated in the interstellar clouds to collect into sizable chunks around forming stars. There is necessarily a "lag" between the beginning of the universe and the beginning of life.

©

Lives and Deaths of Stars Hydrogen and helium and some lithium, boron, and beryllium were created when the universe was created. All of the rest of the elements of the universe were produced by the stars in nuclear fusion reactions. These reactions created the heavier elements from fusing together lighter elements in the cen...