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😍The Difference Between ‘Must’, ‘Have to’, ‘Shall’, ‘Need’ and ‘May’😍

Must
‘Must’ is the basic and most direct way of saying something is compulsory. It means you have no choice but to do (or not do) an action. We can only use ‘must’ in the present form to describe a general or permanent obligation, or an obligation in the near future. The structure of ‘must’ is easy because it is the same for every subject:

Have to
In the affirmative form, ‘have to’ has the same meaning as ‘must’ and is used to express obligations. However, ‘have to’ is much more flexible than ‘must’ because we can use it in the past, the present and the future. For this reason it is very commonly used in modern English. Its structure is the same as any normal verb:

Shall
In some documents and official situations you can find ‘shall’ used to describe formal obligations.

Need
We use ‘need’ to describe a necessity. It has a very similar meaning to obligation and can therefore be a more polite way of saying ‘must’ or ‘have to’. Unusually, ‘need’ is both a normal verb and also a modal verb. In almost all cases you can simply use the normal verb form which has a regular structure:

May
We use ‘may’ to ask and give permission formally. The structure of ‘may’ is like any other modal verb:

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Adapt vs adopt😍
Adapt, when used as a transitive verb, means to modify something in order to make it useful for a new purpose. When adapt is used as an intransitive verb, it means to adjust oneself to a new situation or circumstance. Adapt may also mean to render a source text suitable for film, stage or television. Verb forms are adapts, adapted and adapting, the adjective form is adapted and the noun form is adaptation. Adapt comes from the fifteenth century Middle French word, adapter, which comes from the Latin adaptare, meaning to fit.

Adopt is a transitive verb which means to bring up another person’s child as one’s own. Adopt may also mean to take on, accept or follow a plan, idea or attitude. Adopt also means to choose another country as one’s residence. In Great Britain, adopt may mean to choose someone to be a candidate for office. Verb forms are adopts, adopted and adopting, the adjective form is adoptable and nouns are adoptee, adopter and adoption. Adopt come from the Middle French adopter, which comes from the Latin adoptare, meaning to take by choice, to choose for oneself, select.

Adapt and adopt are easily confused. Remember that adapt means to adjust to a new situation, which one might achieve by adopting new ideas or behaviors.

Examples

Magic Valley radio stations adapt as tastes change (The Washington Times)

Bastrop business owners and shoppers have had to adapt over the past month, following the removal of street parking on the Downtown stretch of Loop 150. (The Austin American-Statesman)

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Who vs. Whom😍

Whom should be used to refer to the object of a verb or preposition. When in doubt, try this simple trick: If you can replace the word with “he”’ or “’she,” use who. If you can replace it with “him” or “her,” use whom.

Who should be used to refer to the subject of a sentence.
Whom should be used to refer to the object of a verb or preposition

Who or whom? If you’re like most English speakers, you know that there’s a difference between these pronouns, but you aren’t sure what that difference is. After reading this article, you might conclude that knowing when to use who or whom is not as difficult as you think.

When to Use Who
In a sentence, who is used as a subject. Let’s look at a couple of examples:

Who would like to go on vacation?
Who made these awesome quesadillas?
When to Use Whom
Whom is used as the object of a verb or preposition. Consider these examples:

To whom was the letter addressed?
Whom do you believe?
I do not know with whom I will go to the prom.

The Difference Between Who and Whom
How can you tell when your pronoun is the object of a verb or preposition? Try substituting “he” or “she” and “him” or “her.” If “he” or “she” fits, you should use who. If “him” or “her” fits, you should use whom. Keep in mind that you may have to temporarily rearrange the sentence a bit while you test it.

Who/whom ate my sandwich?
Try substituting “she” and “her”: She ate my sandwich. Her ate my sandwich. “She” works and “her” doesn’t. That means the word you want is who.

Whom ate my sandwich?
Who ate my sandwich?

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Subject–Verb Agreement Rules😍
Key: subject = yellow, bold; verb = green, underline


Subjects and verbs must agree in number. In addition to the explanations on this page, also see the post on Subject—Verb Agreement.

If the subject is singular, the verb must be singular too.
Example: She writes every day.
Exception: When using the singular "they," use plural verb forms.
Example: The participant expressed satisfaction with their job. They are currently in a managerial role at the organization.

If the subject is plural, the verb must also be plural.
Example: They write every day.

Sometimes, however, it seems a bit more complicated than this.

When the subject of the sentence is composed of two or more nouns or pronouns connected by and, use a plural verb.
Example: The doctoral student and the committee members write every day.

Example: The percentage of employees who called in sick and the number of employees who left their jobs within 2 years are reflective of the level of job satisfaction.

When there is one subject and more than one verb, the verbs throughout the sentence must agree with the subject.
Example: Interviews are one way to collect data and allow researchers to gain an in-depth understanding of participants.

Example: An assumption is something that is generally accepted as true and is an important consideration when conducting a doctoral study.

When a phrase comes between the subject and the verb, remember that the verb still agrees with the subject, not the noun or pronoun in the phrase following the subject of the sentence.
Example: The student, as well as the committee members, is excited.

Example: The student with all the master’s degrees is very motivated.

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Importance of Correct Grammar😍

No matter what language you use to speak or write, using correct grammar not only helps you communicate more effectively and precisely, but also helps you avoid embarrassment. Around the world, correct grammar is an indication that the speaker or writer is an educated person who understands the nuances of the language, while grammar errors can indicate that you are not focusing on your words or, worse, that you do not understand the mechanics of your own language.

Communicating Meaning
Incorrect grammar can often lead to sentences that mean little or nothing. Native speakers rarely commit errors this gross when speaking, but non-native speakers often make errors that render their sentences incomprehensible. For example, an attempt to tell a taxi driver that you want to go to the mall might come out as "I wanted going mall," which means nothing (though a talented driver could figure out what the speaker is trying to say). The same happens when English-speakers try to speak in other languages whose grammar is unfamiliar.

Communicating the Correct Meaning
Some grammar errors lead to sentences that mean something--just not what you intended. For example, misplacing the modifier "only" could lead to this sentence: "I only drive to work and back." If you meant that you never walk to work, nor take a bus, great. But if you meant that the only route you ever drive is the one between your house and your office, and you never drive anywhere else, then you should have said "I drive only to work and back."

Standard Written English
English is a constantly evolving language with many dialects. Spoken English can sound very different from region to region, even within the same English-speaking country.

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Out of the 6 500 😍spoken languages😍 in the world today, why choose to learn English? As the third most widely spoken language in the world, English is widely spoken and taught in over 118 countries and is commonly used around the world as a trade language or diplomatic language. It is the language of science, aviation, computers, diplomacy and tourism. Last but not least, it is the language of international communication, the media and the internet.

Whether it is for professional or personal reasons, understanding the importance of English will help you reach your goals. Here are a few reasons why you should keep learning and practising your English language skills.

1. English is the Language of International Communication
Although English is not the most spoken language in the world, it is the official language in 53 countries and is spoken as a first language by around 400 million people worldwide. But that’s not all, it is also the most common second language in the world. According to the British Council, by 2020 about two billion people in the world will be studying English.

Therefore, it is highly likely that if you meet someone from another country, you will both be able to speak English. It gives you an open door to the world and helps you communicate with global citizens.

2. English gives access to more entertainment and more access to the Internet
Nowadays, many films, TV shows, books and music are published and produced in English. By understanding English, you won’t need to rely on translations and subtitles anymore. By accessing these media, you will also continuously improve your English listening and reading skills.

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How To Use “Have Been” “Has Been” “Had Been”?😊

What is the difference between “have been, has been and had been”?

Are you struggling to use the correct form when you’re speaking or writing in English? In this lesson we’ll learn about the difference between have, has and had been.

Remember the best way to be learning grammar is using it! When you make practice, you will able to develop better understanding the use of each grammatical structure and apply this to your everyday life when you are speaking or writing in English.

Usage of “Have Been & Has Been”
‘Has been’ and ‘have been’ suggest an action that started in the past, but continues in the present.

When we are talking about the present:
If the subject of a sentence is I – You – We – They or a plural noun (cars, birds, children) we use ‘have been‘.

Examples:
☛A total of five cars have been stolen from the city center.
☛Birds have been following me all day long.
☛Children have been playing since morning. (still playing)

If the subject of the sentence is He – She – It or a singular noun (car, bird, child) we use ‘has been‘.

Examples:
☛My car has been stolen from the city center.
☛This bird has been following me all day long.
☛A child has been playing since morning.

Usage of “Had Been”
When we are talking about the past: for any subject (I, You, He, She,It, We, They) we use ‘had been‘.

“Had been,”, suggests an action that both began and ended in the past.

We use the past perfect continuous to indicate that something started in the past and continued up until another time in the past.

To show time reference “for” and “since” are used and it describes when the action started and how long it continued in the past.

“For ten minutes”, “for five weeks”, “for two months” are durations which can be used with the past perfect continuous.

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Everyday vs. Every Day😘
Compound words, like anytime and any time, sometimes don’t have the same meaning as the individual words they comprise. It’s a case of the whole being different from the sum of its parts. Everyday and every day are like that—everyday (with no space) doesn’t mean the same thing as every day (with a space). In speech, however, they do sound the same. No wonder it’s so easy to confuse them with each other. What does each phrase mean and how do you use them?
• Everyday is an adjective we use to describe something that’s seen or used every day. It means “ordinary” or “typical.”
• Every day is a phrase that simply means “each day.”
Difference Between Everyday and Every Day
The everyday vs. every day dilemma is not an uncommon one. These two words suffer from the same problems as anytime and any time, or anyone and any one—compounds can be a source of much confusion. So let’s see how we define and use everyday and how we define and use every day.
Everyday
Everyday (as one word) is an adjective. Thesauruses list average, mundane, ordinary, and standard as synonyms. “Everyday clothing,” then, refers to the ordinary clothes you wear on regular days, as opposed to outfits designated for special events or holidays. Occasionally, people use everyday as a noun—it’s a shorthand way of referring to their everyday routines.
Every Day
Every day means “each day.” The easiest way to remember this is to think about the space separating the two words. Because of that space, “every” is simply an adjective modifying the word “day.” If you paired every with any other word, it would mean each—every day means “each day,” just like “every word” means “each word.” There’s nothing more to it.

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Whose vs. Who’s😘
Who’s is a contraction linking the words who is or who has, and whose is the possessive form of who. They may sound the same, but spelling them correctly can be tricky. To get into the difference between who’s and whose, read on.
Who’s vs. Whose
• Both who’s and whose come from the pronoun who (shocking, right?).
• Who’s is a contraction, meaning it’s two words stuck together. The formula: who + is, or who + has.
• For example: who’s hungry?
• Whose is a possessive pronoun. Use it when you’re asking (or telling) to whom something belongs.
What Is Who?
First up, let’s introduce this exceptionally tricky pronoun. It has many forms, and many a brave soul has cowered in the attempt to use it correctly.
Who
Who is a subject pronoun, like he, she, I, or they, but it’s the interrogative used for animate subjects. In other words, use it to ask a question about which person did something or is someone.
“Who is in charge here?” “Who asked you to go to the dance?” “Who is that?”
Whom
This is the bane of many an English-speaker’s existence. But it’s not as hard as you think: whom is an object pronoun, meaning if you could replace it with “him,” “her,” “me,” or “them,” you’re good to go.
“Whom are you referencing?” “Whom did you ask to go to the dance?” “To whom are you speaking?”
Yeah, we know—it sounds stuffy. But if you want to be correct correct, that’s how it works.

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How to Use the Indefinite Articles A vs. An😘
The two indefinite articles in English are a and an. The indefinite article an is used to make pronunciation easier when reading a text aloud. The general rule is to use a when the indefinite article precedes a word beginning with a consonant sound and an when it precedes a word starting with a vowel sound.
1 Use a when the indefinite article comes before a word beginning with a consonant sound: a toy a book a house
2 Use an when the indefinite article comes before a word beginning with a vowel sound:
an operation an idea an apple
Exceptions
It’s important to note that not all nouns that begin with a consonant begin with the consonant sound. Always trust the sound, not the letter when applying the a vs. an rule. Remember, it’s about pronunciation. Consider the examples below:
a hourglass
an hourglass
a honor
an honor
Likewise, there are some nouns beginning with a vowel that make a consonant sound. In these cases, the indefinite article a should be used:
an university
a university
an one-eyed pirate
a one-eyed pirate
Using A vs. An with Acronyms
These same rules apply to acronyms:
A Society of Writers member was quoted in the article.
A S.O.W. member was quoted in the article.
An S.O.W. member was quoted in the article.
Because S sounds like it begins with a vowel (ess), an should be used in front of it.

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10 Reasons to Learn English😘

1. English is a global language
English is the most commonly spoken language in the world. One out of five people can speak or at least understand English!
2. Studying English can help you get a job
English is the language of science, aviation, computers, diplomacy, and tourism. Knowing English increases your chances of getting a good job in a multinational company within your home country or of finding work abroad.
3. Learning English can help you meet new people
English is the official language of 53 countries and is used as a lingua franca (a mutually known language) by people from all around the world. This means that whether you’re working in Beijing, or travelling in Brazil, studying English can help you have a conversation with people from all over the world.
4. Many scientific papers are written in English
In the last century, the number of scientific papers written in English has started to outweigh the number of papers written in the native language of the researcher. In the Netherlands, for example, the ratio is a surprising 40 to 1. For this reason, having a knowledge of English is incredibly important to those working in the scientific field.
5. English is the language of the media industry
Because of the prominence of Hollywood in global media, an enormous amount of films, TV shows and popular songs are written in English. If you speak English, you won't need to rely on translations and subtitles anymore to enjoy your favourite books, songs, films and TV shows.
6. English is the language of the Internet.
English is a particularly important language online with more than half the content on the internet written in English. As well as this, some of the world’s largest tech companies are based in English speaking countries.

Do you have a grammar and vocabulary inquiry? Or do you want to learn more about English grammar and vocabulary? Feel free to browse my page and check out the services I offer

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