30/05/2026
𝗖𝗘𝗗𝗔𝗪: 𝗣𝗥𝗢𝗧𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗪𝗢𝗠𝗘𝗡 𝗔𝗚𝗔𝗜𝗡𝗦𝗧 𝗗𝗜𝗦𝗖𝗥𝗜𝗠𝗜𝗡𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡
The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, or CEDAW, is known as the “international bill of rights for women.” It was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1979, entered into force on September 3, 1981, and was signed and ratified by the Philippines.
CEDAW defines “discrimination against women” as any distinction, exclusion, or restriction made on the basis of s*x which has the effect or purpose of impairing or nullifying women’s recognition, enjoyment, or exercise of human rights and fundamental freedoms.
CEDAW is built on three foundational principles:
𝗡𝗼𝗻-𝗱𝗶𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻
This means that discrimination against women must be eliminated in all fields and spheres. It also recognizes that both State and non-State actors may be held responsible for violations of women’s rights.
𝗦𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗼𝗯𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀
States must respect, protect, promote, and fulfill women’s human rights. This includes preventing, investigating, and sanctioning private acts of discrimination. The legislature, executive, and judiciary all have responsibilities in fulfilling these obligations.
𝗦𝘂𝗯𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗲𝗾𝘂𝗮𝗹𝗶𝘁𝘆
CEDAW does not only require equality on paper. It seeks equality in actual results or “equality of outcomes.” This means removing barriers caused by negative stereotypes, discrimination, and unequal social conditions through corrective measures and affirmative action.
Under CEDAW, women must be protected and given equal rights in:
Political and public life
Women have the right to vote, be elected, hold public office, participate in government policy-making, and join organizations involved in public and political life.
Nationality
Women have the right to acquire, change, or retain their nationality. Marriage should not automatically change the nationality of a wife, and women have rights regarding the nationality of their children.
Education
Women must have equal access to career guidance, studies, scholarships, curricula, examinations, teaching standards, school facilities, and continuing education. Stereotypes about the roles of men and women must also be eliminated in education.
Employment
Women have the right to equal employment opportunities, equal criteria for selection, free choice of profession, promotion, job security, equal pay, social security, safe working conditions, maternity leave, and protection against discrimination due to marriage or maternity.
Health care
Women have the right to access health care, including family planning, and appropriate services related to pregnancy.
Economic and social life
Women have rights to family benefits, bank loans, mortgages, financial credit, and participation in recreational activities. CEDAW also gives special concern to rural women.
Legal matters
Women must enjoy equality before the law, equal legal capacity, equal opportunity to exercise that capacity, freedom of movement, and freedom to choose their residence or domicile.
Marriage and family relations
Women have the right to freely choose a spouse, enter marriage only with free and full consent, share equal rights and responsibilities during marriage and at its dissolution, decide freely and responsibly on the number and spacing of children, and enjoy equal rights regarding guardianship, adoption, personal choices, occupation, and property.
CEDAW reminds us that women’s rights are not privileges. They are human rights that must be respected, protected, and fulfilled.
Know your rights. End discrimination. Support equality for all women.