PNUNL SG Judicial Body

𝐖𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐔𝐧𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐎𝐛𝐫𝐞𝐫𝐚 𝐃𝐞𝐦𝐨𝐜𝐫á𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚 𝐝𝐞 𝐅𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐬, 𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐨𝐮𝐬𝐥𝐲 𝐤𝐧𝐨𝐰𝐧 𝐚𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐔𝐧𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐎𝐛𝐫𝐞𝐫𝐚 𝐃𝐞𝐦𝐨𝐜𝐫á𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚, 𝐛𝐲 𝐈𝐬𝐚𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐨 𝐝𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐬 𝐑𝐞𝐲𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐇𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐥𝐝𝐨 𝐂𝐫𝐮𝐳, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐦𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐅𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐨 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐬 𝐝𝐮𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐀𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐨𝐜𝐜𝐮𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧. 𝐈𝐭 𝐚𝐝𝐯𝐨𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬, 𝐟𝐚𝐢𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐰𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐬, 𝐚𝐧𝐝, 𝐦𝐨𝐬𝐭 𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐥𝐲, 𝐬𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐞.

𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐜 𝐚𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐜𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐛𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐨 𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐨𝐫 𝐥𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐰𝐢𝐝𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐛𝐮𝐢𝐥𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐟𝐮𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐲. 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐝𝐚𝐲 𝐚𝐥𝐬𝐨 𝐬𝐲𝐦𝐛𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐮𝐞 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐬𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐫𝐬, 𝐚𝐝𝐯𝐨𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐜𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐞, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐡𝐞𝐥𝐩 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐦 𝐟𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭 𝐚𝐠𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐭 𝐢𝐧𝐣𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐮𝐧𝐟𝐚𝐢𝐫 𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭. 𝐈𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐦𝐚𝐤𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐝𝐚𝐲 𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐥𝐲 𝐚𝐧 𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐋𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐫 𝐃𝐚𝐲!

𝐓𝐨𝐝𝐚𝐲'𝐬 𝐃𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐋𝐞𝐠𝐚𝐥 𝐃𝐨𝐜𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐞!

"𝐅𝐑𝐔𝐈𝐓 𝐎𝐅 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐏𝐎𝐈𝐒𝐎𝐍𝐎𝐔𝐒 𝐓𝐑𝐄𝐄"

The fruit of the poisonous tree is a legal doctrine that asserts if the primary source of evidence (the “tree”) is obtained through unlawful or unconstitutional means, any secondary or derivative evidence (the “fruit”) derived from it is likewise inadmissible in court. For example, if a law enforcement officer conducts a search or arrests an individual without a valid warrant and subsequently discovers incriminating evidence, that evidence is excluded from legal proceedings due to the illegality of the initial act, thus rendering it the "fruit of the poisonous tree."

This doctrine applies not only to physical evidence but also to testimonial or confessional evidence obtained through improper procedures. For instance, if a suspect invokes their constitutional right to counsel during an interrogation, but the police ignore the request and continue questioning, any confession obtained as a result may be deemed inadmissible. Such a confession is considered tainted because it was extracted in violation of due process and constitutional protections.

The underlying principle of this doctrine is that evidence obtained in violation of an individual’s constitutional rights cannot be used to establish guilt. It emphasizes the idea that the State must not benefit from its own unlawful conduct, as the initial violation contaminates all evidence subsequently acquired as a result.

References:
Buddy, L. S. (2020, June 23). Fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine - law school buddy. Law School Buddy. https://lawschoolbuddy.info/fruit-of-the-poisonous-tree-doctrine/
fruit of the poisonous tree. (n.d.). LII / Legal Information Institute. https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/fruit_of_the_poisonous_tree

𝐓𝐨𝐝𝐚𝐲'𝐬 𝐃𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐌𝐚𝐱𝐢𝐦!

"𝐈𝐆𝐍𝐎𝐑𝐀𝐍𝐓𝐈𝐀 𝐋𝐄𝐆𝐈𝐒 𝐍𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐍𝐄𝐌 𝐄𝐗𝐂𝐔𝐒𝐀𝐓"
𝑰𝒈𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒍𝒂𝒘 𝒆𝒙𝒄𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒔 𝒏𝒐 𝒐𝒏𝒆.

A doctrine requiring all persons to know their legal duties, such that actual ignorance of these duties will not prevent a finding of liability for their violation. In contrast, bona fide ignorance of relevant facts may excuse a failure to fulfill a legal duty that should have been fulfilled had those facts been known.

In the structure of a just and ordered society, where legal duties and responsibilities are the foundations of civil conduct, the principle "Ignorantia legis neminem excusat" states that all persons are presumed to know their legal duties, and actual ignorance of these duties will not prevent a finding of liability for their violation. This maxim emphasizes the necessity for legal accountability and the constant application of the law, ensuring that legal obligations are not dependent on individual awareness.

Within the legal context, this presumption places a fundamental responsibility on all citizens to be aware of the laws that govern their actions. This is not merely a theoretical construct, but a practical necessity to maintain order and certainty. The legal system cannot function effectively if individuals can avoid legal obligations by claiming ignorance. Therefore, the presumption of legal knowledge serves as a foundation of legal efficacy.

Consequently, this principle is more than just a legal rule; it is a reflection of the social contract that binds individuals to the legal framework of their society. It emphasizes the importance of legal awareness and the responsibility of everyone to uphold the law. By acknowledging that ignorance is not a valid excuse, we affirm the importance of legal knowledge and the rule of law, ensuring that justice is applied consistently and fairly.

Reference: https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780197583104.001.0001/acref-9780197583104-e-895

🖋Akyzha Ashley Jose Pigao

𝐏𝐄𝐎𝐏𝐋𝐄 𝐏𝐎𝐖𝐄𝐑 𝐋𝐈𝐕𝐄𝐒 𝐎𝐍!

On this day, we remember the historic EDSA People Power Revolution. Thirty-nine years ago, the Filipino people united to demonstrate that courage and solidarity can topple even the most oppressive regimes. The EDSA People Power Revolution was more than just a protest; it was a powerful assertion that true power resides with the people.

From February 22 to 25, 1986, millions of Filipinos risked everything to restore democracy and safeguard human rights against violations. These painful memories of the past and the oppressive forces we faced will never be forgotten. Instead, they will serve as a reminder of the hopes and love that drove people to fight for justice—an inspiration to remain courageous in the face of injustice.

Their sacrifices granted us the freedoms we enjoy today, proving that silence in the face of oppression is never acceptable. Those who fought for our present liberties will always be honored and remembered. Thus, resisting tyranny and attempts to distort our history is more than just a responsibility—it is a continuing fight to ensure that justice prevails not just for one but for everyone.

Thursday is World Day of Social Justice.

Around the world, people continue to grapple with deep inequalities. We need a human-centered response that advances social justice for everyone, everywhere. https://www.un.org/en/observances/social-justice-day

𝐓𝐨𝐝𝐚𝐲'𝐬 𝐃𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐌𝐚𝐱𝐢𝐦!

"𝐀𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐈 𝐈𝐍𝐂𝐔𝐌𝐁𝐈𝐓 𝐎𝐍𝐔𝐒 𝐏𝐑𝐎𝐁𝐀𝐍𝐃𝐈"
𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒐𝒏 𝒘𝒉𝒐 𝒎𝒂𝒌𝒆𝒔 𝒂 𝒄𝒍𝒂𝒊𝒎 𝒎𝒖𝒔𝒕 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒆 𝒊𝒕.

In the world of justice, where finding truth, and accountability play a crucial role. The legal maxim of "Actori incumbit onus probandi" provides that a person making the accusation must prove their claims in a court of law.

In the courtroom, the prosecution has the tough job of proving its accusations. They must present strong, believable evidence to meet the high standard of proof. This is essential for keeping the legal process fair and protecting people from wrongful convictions or false claims. This maxim stands with our constitutional right that all individuals are innocent until the contrary is proved.

The burden of proof in criminal litigation starts with the presumption of innocence. The defendant does not need to prove their evidence, but it is the prosecutor’s legal responsibility to break the presumption. this allows the prosecution to carefully examine their evidence, as even a little doubt may alter the verdict in favor of the defendant.

This maxim is more than just a legal rule; it's a reminder of the importance of truth and fairness. It highlights that in the legal world, responsibility is not just a formality but a serious duty to uphold honesty and justice. Only by providing solid proof can justice truly be served, making this principle a cornerstone of both legal and moral integrity.

References:
Amerasinghe, C. F. (2005). The principle actori incumbit onus probandi. In Brill | Nijhoff eBooks (pp. 61–95). https://doi.org/10.1163/9789047407775_010

Fellmeth, A. X., & Horwitz, M. (2009). Guide to Latin in International Law. In Oxford University Press eBooks. https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195369380.001.0001

🖋John Russel Nagum

𝐓𝐨𝐝𝐚𝐲'𝐬 𝐃𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐌𝐚𝐱𝐢𝐦!

"𝐋𝐄𝐗 𝐃𝐈𝐋𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐄𝐒 𝐀𝐁𝐇𝐎𝐑𝐑𝐄𝐓”
𝑱𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒍𝒂𝒚𝒆𝒅, 𝒊𝒔 𝒋𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒊𝒆𝒅.

Lawyers worldwide often use this common maxim to advocate for swift case resolution. This principle signifies that if justice is not served within a reasonable time frame, it can lead to frustration, diminish its value, and potentially result in injustice. Victims of crimes may suffer painfully due to prolonged proceedings and delays, causing them to lose faith in the system and feel that their case is not taken seriously. This sentiment is also shared by defendants, who find their lives on hold during lengthy legal battles.

While it is crucial to work quickly to reduce delays and expedite legal proceedings, it is equally important to consider the potential consequences of acting too hastily. A rushed judgment can lead to injustice, as judges, juries, and prosecutors may feel pressured to make decisions too quickly. This often results in incorrect and flawed outcomes, echoing the saying, "Justice hurried is justice buried."

Therefore, for justice to prevail rightfully and fairly, it is essential to find the balance between timeliness and thoroughness. Managing cases in an organized manner, adhering to established procedures, and embracing innovation in our modern world may help the legal system deliver justice more effectively to the people.

Source:
Malpas, J.,” Donald Davidson”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (winter 2012 Edition), Edward N. Zalta(ed).

Burstyner, Naomi &Sourdin, Tania. (2014). Justice Delayed is Justice Denied. Victoria University Law and Justice Journal. 4. 10.15209/vulj. v4i1.61.

🖋Precious Danella Labog

𝗔𝗧𝗧𝗘𝗡𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗣𝗡𝗨𝗔𝗡𝗦! 📢📢📢

The Commission on Student Elections is looking for a 𝙎𝙩𝙪𝙙𝙚𝙣𝙩 𝙍𝙚𝙥𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙚. The selected representative will work alongside the COMSEC commissioners to conduct in-depth interviews with the election candidates.
Are you interested to be part of this selection process? This is your chance!

The political candidates screening will be based on their leadership skills, notion of the constitution and nature of the office, psychological estate, and sound academic stability to ure studentry of a well-screened and qualified candidates in every election. The screening shall be done in the presence of the Chief-Judge of the Judicial Body of PNUNL SG; at least one representative from a political non-partisan organization of an accredited club/organization as watchdogs. In case of absence, a representative from the school publications shall be put to duty. (Section 1, Article IV of 1997 Constitution of PNU-NL SG)

𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗼 𝗯𝗲 𝗽𝗮𝗿𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗲𝗲𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗰𝗲𝘀𝘀?
𝗖𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗸 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸 𝗯𝗲𝗹𝗼𝘄👇
https://forms.gle/DtXc8fuSquJarW9d9

☝️
🏛️
🔊
✅
👥🔥

𝐓𝐨𝐝𝐚𝐲’𝐬 𝐃𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐌𝐚𝐱𝐢𝐦!

"𝐃𝐔𝐑𝐀 𝐋𝐄𝐗, 𝐒𝐄𝐃 𝐋𝐄𝐗"
𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒍𝒂𝒘 𝒊𝒔 𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒔𝒉 𝒃𝒖𝒕, 𝒊𝒕 𝒊𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒍𝒂𝒘.

This principle states that laws must be followed, even if they are strict or seem unfair. It emphasized the need for consistency and obedience to legal rules in the concept of justice, despite personal feelings or certain circumstances. This phrase is used to justify strict legal decisions, showing a need for objective application of the law without favoritism and exceptions.

However, the law should never be applied or interpreted to oppress anyone; it should be enforced with nothing but justice and fairness.

Source: Fellmeth, A. X., & Horwitz, M. (2009). Guide to Latin in International Law. In Oxford University Press eBooks. https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195369380.001.0001

🖋Deanne April Antoinette Baybayan

“𝐉𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐜𝐚𝐧𝐧𝐨𝐭 𝐛𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐞 𝐚𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐛𝐮𝐭 𝐦𝐮𝐬𝐭 𝐛𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐛𝐨𝐭𝐡.”
— Eleanor Roosevelt

Their commitment to truth, excellence, and service, coupled with their strong sense of integrity, is the driving force behind their pursuit of justice.

Presenting the appointed officers of the Judicial Body for the academic year 2024-2025. These appointees will serve as the university’s foundation in upholding the rule of law and promoting peace. By fulfilling their duties and responsibilities with moral integrity, they will ensure that the law is applied diligently and fairly for everyone.

In this regard, may justice serve not only for one but for everyone.

𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐀𝐀𝐒 𝐍𝐀 𝐏𝐀𝐆𝐁𝐀𝐓𝐈 𝐀𝐓 𝐏𝐀𝐆𝐏𝐔𝐏𝐔𝐆𝐀𝐘 𝐒𝐀 𝐁𝐀𝐆𝐎𝐍𝐆 𝐑𝐄𝐇𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐄𝐍𝐆 𝐌𝐀𝐆-𝐀𝐀𝐑𝐀𝐋 𝐍𝐆 𝐏𝐀𝐌𝐀𝐍𝐓𝐀𝐒𝐀𝐍𝐆 𝐍𝐎𝐑𝐌𝐀𝐋 𝐍𝐆 𝐏𝐈𝐋𝐈𝐏𝐈𝐍𝐀𝐒!

Malugod na ipinapaabot ng PNUNL SG Judicial Body ang pagbati at pagpupugay nito kay Kgg. Ariel N. Adalem, ang kasalukuyang Pangulo ng PNUNL SG Executive Body, sa pagkakahalal nito bilang bagong Rehenteng Mag-aaral.