विमल आचार्य- Bimal Acharya

कुनै काम गर्दा सुरु गर्ने तर बीचमै छोड्ने बानी छ यसलाई हटाउने व्यावहारिक उपाए के के हुन् सक्छन् ?
🔹 १. साना लक्ष्यबाट सुरु गर

– ठूलो कामलाई साना–साना भागमा विभाजन गर (जस्तै: “पूरै अध्याय पढ्ने” होइन, “पहिलो २ पेज पढ्ने”).
– हरेक भाग पूरा भएपछि आफूलाई सानो बधाई दे — यसले dopamine reward प्रणालीलाई सक्रिय गर्छ र निरन्तरता बढाउँछ।

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🔹 २. काम सुरु गर्न समय तय गर, मूड होइन

– “मood बनेपछि गर्छु” भन्ने सोच बदल।
– निश्चित समय तोक — जस्तै: “बिहान ६:३०–७:०० अध्ययन”.
– त्यस समयमा बस्नु तिम्रो commitment training हो, प्रेरणा छैन भने पनि सुरु गर।

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🔹 ३. ‘५ मिनेट नियम’ अपनाउ

– आफैंलाई भन: “म केवल ५ मिनेटका लागि सुरु गर्छु।”
– धेरैजसो अवस्थामा जब तिमी सुरु गर्छौ, त्यसपछि निरन्तरता आफैं आउँछ।

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🔹 ४. ध्यान भंग हुने कुरा हटाउ

– मोबाइल silent राख, नोटिफिकेशन अफ गर।
– पढ्ने वा काम गर्ने ठाउँ स्थिर बनाउ (टेबल, कुर्सी, राम्रो उज्यालो)।

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🔹 ५. ‘किन’ सम्झ — उद्देश्य स्पष्ट गर

– काम किन गरिरहेको छु भन्ने कुरा हरेकचोटि सम्झ।
– उदाहरण: “यो पढाई मेरो भविष्य निर्माणको आधार हो।”
– उद्देश्य थाहा हुँदा त्याग्ने मन घट्छ।

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🔹 ६. Progress देख्ने बानी बनाउ

– आफ्नो कामको सूची (to-do list) लेख र पूरा भएपछि ✔ चिन्ह लगाउ।
– देखिने प्रगति (visible progress) ले निरन्तरता बढाउँछ।

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🔹 ७. स्वअनुशासन अभ्यास गर

– मन लागेन पनि थोरै समयका लागि काम गर।
– बानी बन्न २१–३० दिन लाग्छ, त्यससम्म “नछोड्ने प्रतिज्ञा” गर।

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🔹 ८. अधुरो काम पुनः सुरु गर्न नडराउ

– पुरानो अधुरो काम देख्दा अपराधबोध नगर्नु, बरु आजैबाट थाल।
– “अब पनि सुरु गर्न सकिन्छ” भन्ने सोच राख।

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🔹 ९. सकारात्मक साथी र वातावरण रोज

– काममा प्रेरित साथीहरूसँग समय बिताउ।
– उनीहरूको निरन्तरता तिम्रो पनि ऊर्जा बढाउँछ।

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🔹 १०. आफूलाई इनाम दे

– काम पूरा भएपछि आफूलाई सानो reward दे (जस्तै: मनपर्ने गाना सुन्नु, टहलिन जानु आदि)।
– यसले दिमागमा “काम पूरा = सुख” सम्बन्ध बनाउँछ।

नायब सुब्बालाई तृतीय पत्र अन्तर्गत "लेखापरीक्षण" मा सोधेका प्रश्नहरू !!
🔹 २०८२ वैशाख १६

खरीदार द्दितिय पत्रको धनकुटा परीक्षा केन्द्र ।।
०८२/३/२० र २१ गते ।

English
Bagmati 5th and officer
Chapter -1 Voice

✅ Basic Rules of Voice Change
1. Identify subject, verb, object.
2. Object of active becomes subject of passive.
3. Use correct tense of “to be” + past participle (V3).
4. Use “by” before the agent (doer of the action).
5. If the agent is unknown/unimportant, omit it.

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📘 Tense-Wise Rules (Active → Passive)

📗 1. Simple Present
6. Active: She writes a letter.
Passive: A letter is written by her.
7. Singular object → is, plural → are.
8. Negative: She does not write a letter → A letter is not written by her.

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📗 2. Present Continuous
9. Active: He is eating an apple.
Passive: An apple is being eaten by him.
10. Negative: He is not eating → An apple is not being eaten.

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📗 3. Present Perfect
11. Active: They have finished the work.
Passive: The work has been finished by them.
12. Use has/have been + V3.

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📙 4. Simple Past
13. Active: She wrote a poem.
Passive: A poem was written by her.
14. Singular → was, plural → were.
15. Negative: She did not write a poem → A poem was not written.

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📙 5. Past Continuous
16. Active: He was watching a movie.
Passive: A movie was being watched by him.

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📙 6. Past Perfect
17. Active: They had completed the task.
Passive: The task had been completed by them.

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📘 7. Simple Future
18. Active: She will cook dinner.
Passive: Dinner will be cooked by her.
19. Use will/shall be + V3.

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📘 8. Future Perfect
20. Active: He will have cleaned the room.
Passive: The room will have been cleaned by him.

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🔶 Modal Verbs (Can, May, Might, Must, Should, etc.)
21. Active: She can draw a picture.
Passive: A picture can be drawn by her.
22. Rule: Modal + be + V3.
23. Active: He must complete the task.
Passive: The task must be completed.

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✍️ Imperative Sentences (Commands/Requests)
24. Active: Close the door.
Passive: Let the door be closed.
25. Request: Please help me → You are requested to help me.
26. Advice: Work hard → You are advised to work hard.

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🔄 Interrogative Sentences

Yes/No Questions:
27. Active: Did he eat the cake?
Passive: Was the cake eaten by him?
28. Active: Has she written a story?
Passive: Has a story been written by her?

Wh- Questions:
29. Active: Who wrote this book?
Passive: By whom was this book written?
30. Active: When did he complete the work?
Passive: When was the work completed by him?

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🔁 Infinitive and Gerund
31. Active: I want to finish the work.
Passive: I want the work to be finished.
32. Active: He likes reading books.
Passive: He likes books to be read.

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📜 Causative Verbs
33. Active: She got someone to wash her car.
Passive: She got her car washed.
34. Active: He had someone clean the room.
Passive: He had the room cleaned.

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📌 Sentences with Two Objects
35. Active: She gave me a gift.
Passive (1): I was given a gift by her.
Passive (2): A gift was given to me by her.

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🟢 Passive with “It is said”
36. Active: People say he is honest.
Passive: It is said that he is honest.

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⚙️ Verbs Without Object (No Passive)
37. Verbs like “sleep”, “go”, “come”, “arrive” cannot be changed into passive because they have no object.

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🛑 Intransitive Verbs
38. Active: He slept early.
❌ No passive possible.

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🧠 General Rules and Tips
39. Always use past participle (V3) in passive voice.
40. In questions, maintain the helping verb order.
41. Do not change the tense, only the structure.
42. Pronouns change:

• I → me
• He → him
• She → her
• We → us
• They → them
• You → you

43. Articles (a, an, the) and prepositions stay with the object.

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📌 Additional Examples
44. Active: The police caught the thief.
Passive: The thief was caught by the police.
45. Active: She is writing a novel.
Passive: A novel is being written by her.
46. Active: They will announce the results tomorrow.
Passive: The results will be announced tomorrow.
47. Active: Somebody has stolen my phone.
Passive: My phone has been stolen.
48. Active: The chef is preparing the food.
Passive: The food is being prepared.
49. Active: We are learning English.
Passive: English is being learned by us.
50. Active: He tells a lie.
Passive: A lie is told by him.

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✅ 51–60: Passive Voice with Prepositional Phrases
51. Active: She looked after the child.
Passive: The child was looked after by her.
52. Active: They laughed at him.
Passive: He was laughed at by them.
53. Active: We called for help.
Passive: Help was called for by us.
54. Active: She agreed to the proposal.
Passive: The proposal was agreed to by her.
55. Active: He objected to the plan.
Passive: The plan was objected to by him.
56. Active: The teacher shouted at the boy.
Passive: The boy was shouted at by the teacher.
57. Active: The officer dealt with the case.
Passive: The case was dealt with by the officer.
58. Active: They sent for the doctor.
Passive: The doctor was sent for by them.
59. Active: The workers called off the strike.
Passive: The strike was called off by the workers.
60. Active: He put off the meeting.
Passive: The meeting was put off by him.

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🧠 61–70: Passive with Complex Sentences
61. Active: I know that she writes poems.
Passive: It is known that poems are written by her.
62. Active: People believe that he is a spy.
Passive: It is believed that he is a spy.
63. Active: They say that she sings well.
Passive: It is said that she sings well.
64. Active: We think he will win.
Passive: It is thought that he will win.
65. Active: He said that he would help us.
Passive: It was said that he would help us.
66. Active: They report that he escaped.
Passive: It is reported that he escaped.
67. Active: We hope that she will come.
Passive: It is hoped that she will come.
68. Active: People know that the Earth is round.
Passive: It is known that the Earth is round.
69. Active: They believe he lied.
Passive: It is believed that he lied.
70. Active: People consider him honest.
Passive: He is considered honest.

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🧾 71–80: Passive with Indirect/Reported Speech
71. Active: He said, “I write a book.”
Passive: It was said that he wrote a book.
72. Active: She said

Discount