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Get this clear: Distinction between Conceptual Framework and Empirical Review

1️⃣ A conceptual framework is the researcher's map.

It shows the variables the researcher thinks are connected, and how they might relate.

It is built from theoretical ideas + prior empirical findings.

It is not a results section ❌;

it is a structure for the researcher's thinking. ✅

2️⃣ The empirical section is the researcher's evidence table.

It summarizes what previous studies actually found, with data, methods, sample sizes, locations, and results.

Hey! You don't need much articles to start your research - all you have to do is to look for one high quality publication. With that, you can use forward chaining, back chaining, or side chaining.

How do you know about high quality publications?

These are publications that are highly talked about; either in contrast or in support, and mentioned by many researchers.

What is Forward Chaining?
It is the practice of assessing articles that has cited the article in view, up to recent publications: This allows researchers understand the current state of the art.

What is Back Chaining?
It is the practice of assessing articles cited in the article in view. It helps researchers validate the authenticity of outcomes of an article in view and help to sort for related articles.

What is Side Chaining?
This is the practice of assessing articles that are co-cited in the article in view. You may have seen in-text citations with more than two publications.Example: " Plants grow well when fertilizers are applied appropriately ( John 2014; Henry & James, 2018)."

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What are Moderator Variables?

Moderator Variables are variables that can influence the relationship between an independent and a dependent variable. This variable is not affected by the independent variable.

Independent variable ........ Moderator............. Dependent Variable

When building your conceptual framework, remember these:

👉Dependent Variable

👉 Independent Variable (s)

👉Mediator Variable (s)

👉Moderator Variable (s)

👉 Control Variable (s)

The Research Triangle

Understand these Research Paradigms

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Know which philosophy fits your project work, and what method suits best.

You can only strengthen or modify a Theory.

It is not possible to prove it!