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بَابُ الفَاعِلِ

The Verbal Subject

اَلْفَاعِلُ هُوَ: الاسْمُ اَلمَرْفُوعُ اَلمَذْكُورُ قَبْلَهُ فِعْلُهُ. وَهُوَ عَلَى قِسْمَيْنِ: ظَاهِرٍ، ومُضْمَرٍ.

Translation: A Verbal Subject is a Marfu’ noun before which the verb is mentioned, and it is of two types: explicit and implicit

The فاعل is the verbal subject or the subject in a verbal sentence – a sentence in Arabic that starts with a verb. The فاعل is always a noun and marfū’.

For instance, we can say:

قَامَ زَيدٌ – verbal sentence

We can also say:

زَيدٌ قَامَ – nominal sentence

If the verb is mentioned before the subject as in the first case, then it is فاعل. If the subject comes before as in the second sentence, then it is مبتدأ which we will look at later.

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Verbal noun (المصدر) is a very important derivative in Arabic. It is a noun derived from the verb to refer to the action or activity implied in the verb, e.g. drive/driving, eat/eating, work/working, etc. They can be used in similar contexts to the use of verbal nouns in English, e.g.

“I like swimming.”

(أحب السباحة)

“My favorite hobby is reading.”

(هوايتي المفضلة هي القراءة)

Verb forms are extremely important for the formation of verbal nouns. Verbal nouns from form (II – X) follow certain patterns. Yet, there is no rule for deriving verbal nouns from form I. Although there is no rule to tell us how to derive a verbal noun from form I, there are some patterns that are common in this form, e.g.

(فعل), e.g. (عَمَل) “working”, (جَمْع) “collecting”, (زَرْع) “growing”, (فَتْح) “opening”

(فِعالة), e.g. (دراسة) “studying”, (تجارة) “commerce”, (قراءة) “reading”, (كتابة) “writing”

(فعال), e.g. (نجاح) “success”, (ذهاب) “going”

(فَعيل), e.g. (رحيل) “leaving”, (بريق) “glimmering”

(فعولة), e.g. (سهولة) “ease”, (صعوبة) “difficulty”

These are only few of the patterns that can be used to make verbal nouns from form verbs.

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المزيد الثلاثي

THE AUGMENTED TRILATERAL

المزيد وهو ما زيد فيه حرف واحد على الثلاثي وهو على ثلاثة أقسام

Al-Mazīd (AUGMENTED TRILATERAL) is the one that increases with an alphabet in the three paradigm verb and they are three in numbers.

أَفْعَلَ - أَخْرَجَ
فَعَّلَ - كَسَّرَ
فَاعَلَ - قَاتَلَ.

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قاَلَ - He said
يَقُولُ - He says
قُلْ- Say (command)
قَوْلٌ - Saying/word.
……………………..

قاَلَ - He took a nap
يَقِيلُ - He will take a nap
قِلْ - Take a nap (command)
قَيْلُولَةٌ - Nap/siesta

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تقسيم الفعل باعتبار الأثر
Classification of verb in consideration of grammatical effect.

ينقسم إلى قسمين
It's divided into two:

1.لازمٌ
Intransitive verb

2. متعدٍّ
Transitive verb

Note that the former needs not an object (مفعول به) while the latter does.

Example of the former:
نامَ المريضُ
The patient slept

Example of the latter:
كتبَ إبراهيمُ رسالةً
Ibraheem wrote a letter.

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مصدر الهيئة
Adverb of state/position/manner.

This is derived from a 3-lettered verb and patterned as فِعْلَةً with Kasrah under the first letter.

مثلا - For example

اِجلِسْ *جِلْسَةَ* طَالِبٍ
Sit as a student.

The bold word is from جَلَسَ.

إِذَا ذَبَحْتُمْ فَأَحْسِنُوا *الذِّبْحَةَ*

The bold word is from ذَبَحَ.

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الْحَالُ

This is a special adverbial phrase of manner/mood. It may also be a word, phrase or clause. It tells the condition of the “doer” or “object” when an action took place, or the manner or condition of other event(s). It has fat’hah when it is a single word. For examples:

جِئْتُ *مُسْرِعًا*
I came hurriedly

رَأَيْتُ سَعِيدًا *وَهُوَ يَدْخُلُ الْمُسْتَوْصَفَ*

I saw Sa’eed (while he was) entering the clinic.

*Note the ‘و' in وهو. It is called ‘واو الحال'.

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Explanation of the following lines:

إذا ما لم يفدك العلم خيرا….

المعربات بالحروف (Contd)