23/11/2022
Learning Disabilities Part 3
When a student struggles with letter recognition, reading (accuracy, fluency, or understanding), writing, and math computation, it is not a good professional practice to assume that the child is lazy or not putting in enough effort. When you push the student to try harder without identifying the barrier hindering the learning process, the student eventually becomes frustrated and hates the subject. That's why some of us hate mathematics today. It was not because we could not learn and understand math then but because those math teachers, God bless them, were not helping the matter. This does not imply that when a student struggles with academic skills, it's automatically a learning disability issue. No! It simply means that when a student is struggling to learn and master a particular academic skill, we, as teachers, school administrators, or heads and parents, must first seek to identify and understand what the potential problems are and eliminate them or provide accommodations/interventions that can help alleviate them. Research has shown that students behave better when provided with academic tutoring or support. The following story will help illustrate my point better. Please follow along.
A few days ago, we were eating amala with my nieces. The 3-years old usually prefer someone to feed her, but she fed herself this particular day. How? Well, apparently, something was hindering that process for her. It was cutting the amala herself into smaller morsels that she could swallow without messing up her hand. So, my wife helped her cut the amala into tiny pieces that she could take and eat. My wife further demonstrated to her how to take the pieces of amala and dip them in the soup. Finally, with a couple of encouragement, she finished the amala, even though she initially requested water and talked all through the time.
Interestingly, nobody complained about her asking for water or talking while eating. Instead, the focus was on her eating the amala herself. After she must have mastered this part of eating amala or other swallowed food, cutting the food herself can then be introduced. Eventually, she will be able to eat amala successfully without much struggle.
Similarly, when a student is struggling with a particular academic skill, you identify the most problematic part of the skill, simplify, reduce, or eliminate that part and let the student keep enjoying learning at their level. Whether you are dealing with academic or behavioral difficulties, you must identify and focus on the most significant challenge, leaving less significant ones to focus on later.
Moving back to learning disabilities, the following are the types of learning disabilities:
Dyslexia: difficulties with reading (accuracy, fluency, and understanding) and spelling.
Dyscalculia: difficulties with math computation, mental math, and working with numbers or figures.
Dysgraphia: difficulties with handwriting (speed or legibility) and finger movement to write.
Nonverbal Learning Disability: difficulties with understanding signs and symbols.
General Interventions for Learning Disabilities
The following are general interventions for LD; however, individual student cases should be examined to identify which interventions will work:
Activities should be explicit and unambiguous when teaching the letters of the alphabet.
When teaching decoding, begin with small, familiar words.
Have students clap out syllables and listen for and generate rhymes.
Announce reading assignments well in advance.
Offer to read written material aloud when necessary.
Have students use both visual and auditory senses when reading text.
Present material in small units.
Use graphic organizers to connect ideas.
Read and share stories with students.
Provide students with chapter outlines or study guides highlighting critical points in their reading.
Provide a peer tutor or assign the student to a study group.
Allow the student to use a tape recorder.
Use specific language and state expectations.
Point out unfamiliar words, revisit them, and explore their meaning.
Teach students to use contextual clues to figure out the meanings of unknown words.
Build background for reading selections and create a mental scheme for text organization.
Set a purpose for reading – to gain meaning from the text.
Provide notes or outlines to reduce the amount of writing.
Provide a partially completed outline that allows the student to fill in details under major headings.
Allow the use of a laptop or other computer for writing assignments.
Provide computer with spell check, grammar, and cut and paste features.
Reduce copying that the student must do (e.g., offer pre-printed math problems).
Have wide rule paper, graph paper, and pencil grips available.
Do not count off for poor spelling on first drafts, in-class assignments, or on tests.
Have students proofread written assignments using a checklist (not immediately after writing).
Shorten writing assignments and allow extra time if necessary.
Have students complete writing tasks in small steps.
Use of manipulatives throughout instruction.
Teach students to draw pictures of word problems.
Allow the use of fingers and scratch paper.
Use diagrams and illustrate math concepts.
Schedule computer time for drills and practice with math facts.
Practice new strategies until students are comfortable with them.
Use materials such as games for exercise, which are interactive and motivational
Please see the following sites for references
www.do2learn.com/disabilities/CharacteristicsAndStrategies/.Accessed 22 Nov. 2022
Learning Disabilities Association of America
Thank you for all you do for those wonderful kiddos in your class or care. We appreciate and love you. From the bottom of our hearts, we say THANK YOU!
Yours sincerely,
Olaoluwa Olamiju
For Cutting-edge psychoeducational consult
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