Let chit english language

02/04/2024

MEYE UFO?

UFO yana nufin 'Unidentified Flying Objects' ma'ana duk wata na'ura da muka gani tana tafiya a sararin samaniya wanda bamu iya sanin waye yake da ita ba. Babu wani dalili har yau a kimiyyance da ya nuna UFO din da aka sha gani sunada alaka da 'aliens'. Hasalima wasu sunfi ganinsu a matsayin na'urorin leken asiri na wasu kasashe.

Saboda haka ya kamata mu daina bari ana wasa da hankalinmu wani yace aliens sunzo sun daukeshi yayi rayuwa acikinsu, koh wani yace sun sauka a gari kaza. Wadannan hotonan ma da nuke gani, CGI ne (Computer Generated Images), ma'ana hotonane da na'ura mai kwakwalwa ta samar, wasu dan shirye fina finai ba dan komai ba.

Allah ya shiryar damu Amin.

31/03/2024

FACTS ABOUT LAGOS, NIGERIA🇳🇬

1. It has the Tallest Building in West Africa, NECOM house towers (160m).

2. The Third Mainland Bridge is the 2nd longest bridge in Africa (11.8km)

3. Lagos Handles 80% of the Nigeria's Imports.

4. Lagos was called Eko before colonisation.

5. Lagos was the capital city of Nigeria from 1914 until 1991.

6. Lagos is the capital of African entertainment.

7. Lagos would be the 5th largest economy in Africa if it was a country

8. Lagos is the smallest state in Nigeria but most populous.

9. 60% of Nigeria's🇳🇬 energy is consumed by Lagosians.

30/12/2021

30/12/2021

Good

Jaridar BMC Hausa Mallakin Kamfanin Bluehatt Media Concept ne. Aikin mu shine kawo muku labarai da rahotanin na gaskiya cikin kwarewar aikin Jarida.

30/12/2021

Jaridar BMC Hausa Mallakin Kamfanin Bluehatt Media Concept ne. Aikin mu shine kawo muku labarai da rahotanin na gaskiya cikin kwarewar aikin Jarida.

29/12/2021

After Christmas

15/06/2020

Hello friends good morning

14/06/2020

Work done by a constant force parallel to displacementW = Fx



Work done by any constant forceW = Fx cosθ



Work-Energy TheoremW = ΔK



Formula for average power = 



Definition of instantaneous powerP = 



Formula for instantaneous powerP = Fv cosθ



Work done by a position-dependent forceW = F(x)dx force.



Definition of potential energy.ΔU = - W



Gravitational potential energy.UG = mgh



Statement of conservation of mechanical energy.Δ(U+K) = 0



Definition of total mechanical energy.U + K = E



Definition of potential energy given a position-dependent force.ΔU = - F(x)dx

14/06/2020

Capacitance

For a given capacitor, the charge Q on the capacitor is proportional to the potential difference V between the two plates

So Q α V
or Q = CV

C is called the capacitance of the capacitor.
SI unit of capacitance is coulomb/volt which is written as farad. The symbol F is used for it.
To put equal and opposite charges on the two conductors they may be connected to the terminals of a battery.



Parallel plate capacitor

C = ε0A/d

A = area of the flat plates (each used in the capacitor)
d = distance between the plate



Spherical capacitor

If inner sphere radius is R1 and Outer sphere radius is R2

Inner sphere is given positive charge and outer sphere negative charge.

C = 4πε0R1R2/[R2-R1]

If the capacitor is an isolated sphere (outer sphere is assumed to be at infinity, hence R2 is infinity and

C = 4πε0R1

V becomes Q/C = Q/4πε0R1

V = potential

Parallel limit: if both R1 and R2 are made large but R2-R1 = d is kept fixed

we can write
4πR1R2 = 4πR² = A; where R is approximately the radius of each sphere, and A is the surface area of the sphere.

C = ε0A/d; where A = 4πR1R2 = 4πR²



Cylindrical Capacitor

C = 2πε0l/ln(R2/R1)

Combination of capacitors

Series combination

1/C = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + 1/C3 ...

Parallel combination

C = C1 + C2 + C3

Force between plates of a capacitor

Plates on a parallel capacitor attract each other with a force

F = Q²/2Aε0

Energy stored in a capacitor

Capacitor of capacitance C has a stored energy

U = Q²/2C = CV²/2 = QV/2

Where Q is the charge given to it.



Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with dielectric

C = KC0
where C0 is capacitance of a similar capacitor without dielectric.

Because K>1, the capacitance of a capacitor is increased by a factor of K when the space between the parallel plates is filled with a dielectric.

Magnitude of induced charge in term of K

QP = Q[1 - (1/K)]

QP = induced charge in the dielectric
Q = Applied charge
K = dielectric constant

Gauss's law when dielect

14/06/2020

1. Equation of a wave travelling in the positive x-direction with a constant speed v.

The displacement of the particle at x at time t i.e., y(x,t) is generally abbreviated as y and the wave equation is written as

y = f(t - x/v) ... (1)

2. Equation of a wave travelling in the negative x-direction with a constant speed v.

The displacement of the particle at x at time t i.e., y(x,t) is generally abbreviated as y and the wave equation is written as

y = f(t + x/v) ... (2)

3. The wave equation in (1) can be written as y = f((vt-x)/v) which can be transformed into y = g(x-vt)...(3)

g is a different function. Function g can have the following meaning. If you put t = 0 in equation (3), you get the displacement of various particles at t = 0;

y(x, t = 0) = g(x)

If displacement at t = 0 of all particles of the string is represented by g(x) then the displacement of the particle at x at time t will be y = g(x-vt).

4. Similarly if the wave is travelling along the negative x-direction and the displacement of different particles at t = 0 is g(x), the displacement of the aprticle at x at time t will be

y = g(x+vt)

Function f in equation 1 and 2 represents the displacement of the point x = 0 as time passes,and g in (3) and (4) represents the diplacement at t = 0 of different particles.

5. sine wave or sinusoidal wave

When a person vibrates the left end of a string x = 0 in a simple harmonic motion, the equation of motion of this end may be written as

f(t) = A sin ωt ... (5)

A represents the amplitude
ω = the angular frequency
Time period of oscillation is T = 2π/ω
Frequency of oscillation = 1/T = ω/2π

6. This wave is called a sine wave or sinusoidal wave.

If the displacement of the particle at x = 0 is given by f(t) = A sin ωt, the displacement of the particle at x at time t will be given by

y = f(t - x/v) = A sin ω(t - x/v)...(6)

7. Velocity of the particle at x at time t is given by

ðy/ðt = Aω cos ω(t - x/v)...(7)

This velocity is different from the ve

14/06/2020

1. force

A magnetic charge m placed in a magnetic field B experiences a force.

F = mB .. (1)

2. Magnetic field due to magnetic charge

B = (µ0/4 π)(m/r²)

3. Pole strength due to current

m = IA ...(3)

Where
m = pole strength
I = surface current per unit length of the magnet
A = cross sectional of the magnet

4. Magnetic moment of a bar magnet

M = 2ml … (4)

Where
M = Magnetic moment of a bar magnet
M = pole strength
2l = magnetic length of the bar magnet

5. Potential energy at an angle θ

U(θ) = -MB cos θ = -M.B …(5)

6. Magnetic field due to a bar magnet

End on position. A position on the magnetic axis of a bar magnet is called an end on position

B = (µ0/4 π)[(2Md)/(d² – l²)²] …(6)

If d is very large compared to l, then

B = (µ0/4 π)(2M/d³) … (7)

8. Broad-on Position

B = (µ0/4 π)[m 2l/(d² + l²)3/2 ] …(8)
= (µ0/4 π)[M/(d² + l²)3/2 ]

If d is very large compared to l,

B = (µ0/4 π)[M/(d³)

10. Magnetic scalar potential

V(r2) – V(r1) = -r1∫r2 B.dr … (10)

11. The component of the magnetic field in any direction is given by

Bl = -dV/dl ... (11)

12.For a pole of pole strength m, the field at a distance r is

B = (µ0/4 π)[m/r²)

So the potential at a distance r is

V( r )= - ∞∫r (µ0/4 π)[m/r²)dr

= (µ0/4 π)[m/r) ... (12)

13. Magnetic scalar potential due to a magnetic dipole

Magnetic scalar potential at a point P which is at a distance r from the mid point of the magnetic dipole, and the angle between the dipole axis and the line joining the mid point of the dipole to the point P is θ

V = (µ0/4 π)[Mcos θ /r²)
Where
M = 2ml =magnetic moment of the dipole

14. Magnetic field due to dipole

Magnetic field at P =

(µ0/4 π)[M /r²)√(1 +3 cos² θ)] .. (14)

17. current in galvanometer

i = K tan θ .. (17)

where K = 2rBH/µ0 for the given galvanometer at a given place.

18. Current in moving coil galvanometer

i = (k/nAB) θ … (18)

the constant (k/nAB) is called the galvanometer constant and may be found by passing a known current, measuring the deflection θ an