National association of Geography Student - srcoe

Meteorology
This article is about the study of weather. For the science of measurement, see Metrology. For the study of meteors, see Meteoritics. For other uses of the root word "meteor", see Meteor (disambiguation).
Part of the nature series
Weather
Calendar seasons
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Tropical seasons
Dry season
Harmattan
Wet season
Storms
Cloud
Cumulonimbus cloud
Arcus cloud
Downburst
Microburst
Heat burst
Derecho
Lightning
Thunderstorm
Air-mass thunderstorm
Thundersnow
Mesocyclone
Supercell
Tornado
Anticyclonic tornado
Landspout
Waterspout
Dust devil
Fire whirl
Anticyclone
Cyclone
Polar low
Extratropical cyclone
European windstorm
Nor'easter
Subtropical cyclone
Tropical cyclone
Atlantic hurricane
Typhoon
Storm surge
Dust storm
Simoom
Haboob
Monsoon
Gale
Sirocco
Firestorm
Winter storm
Ice storm
Blizzard
Ground blizzard
Snowsquall
Precipitation
Drizzle (Freezing drizzle)
Graupel
Hail
Megacryometeor
Ice pellets
Diamond dust
Rain (Freezing rain)
Cloudburst
Snow
Rain and snow mixed
Snow grains
Snow roller
Slush
Topics
Air pollution
Atmosphere
Chemistry
Convection
Physics
River
Climate
Cloud
Physics
Fog
Fog season
Cold wave
Heat wave
Jet stream
Meteorology
Severe weather
List
Extreme
Weather forecasting
Weather modification
Glossaries
Meteorology
Climate change
Tornado terms
Tropical cyclone terms
Weather portal
Atmospheric sciences
Atmospheric physics
Atmospheric dynamics (category)
Atmospheric chemistry (category)
Meteorology
Weather (category) · (portal)
Tropical cyclone (category)
Climatology
Climate (category)
Climate change (category)
Global warming (category) · (portal)
Glossaries
Glossary of meteorology · Glossary of tropical cyclone terms · Glossary of tornado terms · Glossary of climate change
v
t
Meteorology is a branch of the atmospheric sciences which includes atmospheric chemistry and atmospheric physics, with a major focus on weather forecasting. The study of meteorology dates back millennia, though significant progress in meteorology did not occur until the 18th century. The 19th century saw modest progress in the field after weather observation networks were formed across broad regions. Prior attempts at prediction of weather depended on historical data. It was not until after the elucidation of the laws of physics and more particularly, the development of the computer, allowing for the automated solution of a great many equations that model the weather, in the latter half of the 20th century that significant breakthroughs in weather forecasting were achieved. An important domain of weather forecasting is marine weather forecasting as it relates to maritime and coastal safety, in which weather effects also include atmospheric interactions with large bodies of water.

Meteorological phenomena are observable weather events that are explained by the science of meteorology. Meteorological phenomena are described and quantified by the variables of Earth's atmosphere: temperature, air pressure, water vapour, mass flow, and the variations and interactions of those variables, and how they change over time. Different spatial scales are used to describe and predict weather on local, regional, and global levels.

Meteorology, climatology, atmospheric physics, and atmospheric chemistry are sub-disciplines of the atmospheric sciences. Meteorology and hydrology compose the interdisciplinary field of hydrometeorology. The interactions between Earth's atmosphere and its oceans are part of a coupled ocean-atmosphere system. Meteorology has application in many diverse fields such as the military, energy production, transport, agriculture, and construction.

The word meteorology is from the Ancient Greek μετέωρος metéōros (meteor) and -λογία -logia ( -(o)logy ), meaning "the study of things high in the air".

THE ARABIAN DESERT

1. The Arabian Desert is a vast desert in Western Asia.

2. It occupies almost the entire Arabian Peninsula, blanketing the area in sandy terrain and seasonal winds.

3. The Arabian Desert is the 4th largest desert in the world, the 2nd largest hot or sand desert in the world (only second to the Sahara Desert), and the largest desert in Asia.

4. It has length of up to 2,100 km (1,300 miles) and width of up to 1,100 km (680 miles).

5. The Arabian Desert covering an area of 2,330,000 square kilometers (900,000 square miles).

6. At the center of the desert is Ar-Rub’al-Khali (The Empty Quarter), one of the largest continuous bodies of sand in the world.

7. The desert lies mostly in Saudi Arabia, extending into the surrounding countries of Iraq, Jordan, Yemen, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates.

8. The Arabian Desert is bordered to the north by the Syrian Desert, to the northeast and east by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, to the southeast and south by the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Aden, and to the west by the Red Sea.

9. Seen from the air, the Arabian Desert appears as a vast expanse of light sand-colored terrain with an occasional indistinct line of escarpments or mountain ranges, black lava flows, or reddish systems of desert dunes stretching to the horizon.

10. The desert’s highest elevation in located in the southwestern corner of Yemen reaching 3,760 meters (12,336 feet) above sea level.

THE GULF OF MEXICO.

1. The Gulf of Mexico is an ocean basin and a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean, largely surrounded by the North American continent.

2. It is bounded on the northeast, north and northwest by the Gulf Coast of the United States, on the southwest and south by the Mexican states of Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Tabasco, Campeche , Yucatan, and Quintana Roo , and on the southeast by Cuba.

3. The US states of Texas Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida border the Gulf on the north, which are often referred to as the " Third Coast", in comparison with the U.S. Atlantic and Pacific coasts.

4. The Gulf of Mexico formed approximately 300 million years ago as a result of plate tectonics.

5. The Gulf of Mexico basin is roughly oval and is approximately 810 nautical miles (1,500 km; 930 mi) wide and floored by sedimentary rocks and recent sediments.

6. It is connected to part of the Atlantic Ocean through the Florida Straits between the U.S. and Cuba, and with the Caribbean Sea via the Yucatán Channel between Mexico and Cuba.

7. With the narrow connection to the Atlantic, the Gulf experiences very small tidal ranges.

8. The size of the Gulf basin is approximately 1.6 million km 2 (615,000 sq mi). Almost half of the basin is shallow continental shelf waters.

9. The basin contains a volume of roughly 2,500 quadrillion liters (550 quadrillion Imperial gallons, 660 quadrillion US gallons, 2.5 million km 3 or 600,000 cu mi).

10. The Gulf of Mexico is one of the most important offshore petroleum production regions in the world, comprising one-sixth of the United States' total production.

English-Speaking Countries in Africa
By: Antonia Posted on Mon, 22-07-2019

English-Speaking-Countries-in-Africa.jpg
Being the second largest continent in the world, one might wonder if there are any English-speaking countries in Africa. And the answer would be yes, there are. English translation service? Again, a yes, considering that it is not one or two but twenty-four countries that speak English, you will definitely need those translation services.

With a population now shooting over 1.3 billion people and 54 countries, Africa has been the hub of diversity for a very long time now. With diversity, there also comes a great number of languages. Because of the remnants of colonization, there are still Anglophone countries that fall on the list. These countries are:

Ghana
Like many other countries located in West Africa, Ghana also has English as the official language. It was during the colonial times that English was passed on to the Ghanaians by the British.

Today, it is being used everywhere around the country, including in office, media, and business.

Nigeria
Just like Ghana, Nigeria also inherited English from the British during the colonial era. It makes it one of the countries with English as the official language in West Africa.

In some regions, especially the urban regions, more dominant English speakers can be found.

The Gambia
From the time of the colonial rule, English remains to be the official language of Gambia. Presented by the British, it is still widely spoken in the country. However, Wolof is also spoken widely as a first language.

Liberia
Just the same as other West African countries, Liberia also speaks English officially. It has been a notable language ever since the country was founded.

Sierra Leone
English has been the principal language of Sierra Leone ever since the British rule. Bengali is the second official language of the country, while other non-official languages are also widely spoken.

Saint Helena
Saint Helena also belongs to the list of countries that speak English as the official language. However, they have their own dialects that are not very easily followed by outsiders.

Zambia
English was made the official language by the British during the colonial rule. It is the language of the government, media, business, and education.

Sudan
Arabic remained the official language of Sudan for a long time until it was removed and English was made the only official language of the country. It is now the principal language of the country.

Namibia
English and African were made the official languages after the First World War. Before which the German colonized the country for three decades. Now English is the primary language of the country.

Uganda
From the forty recognized languages, English is the official language of the country. A majority of the population speaks and understands the language.

Swaziland
English and Swazi are the two official languages of Swaziland. People are well-versed in the English language as it is the language of the business, education, and the media.

Tanzania
English is the official language of Tanzania in addition to Swahili. English is used widely and effectively in many parts of the country.

Botswana
English and Setswana are the two official languages of Botswana. And while Setswana is the national language of the country, the business language remains to be English.

Cameroon
French and English both are the official languages of the country, as it was colonized by both French and the UK at different times. There are many languages spoken in Cameroon, but these two are the only official ones.

Mauritius
Just like Cameroon, the official languages of the country are French and English. Before the country was taken by French and then the UK, the country was colonized by the Dutch who overtook it from the Arabs.

Kenya
The country of Kenya has two official languages that are English and Swahili. While Swahili is the national language English was only adapted during the colonial rule of the British.

Lesotho
Also adopted only during the colonial rule, English is the official language of Lesotho. However, the Sesotho - also an official language - is more widely spoken in the country.

Malawi
The people of Malawi speak Chewa and English as their official languages. English was brought to the country during the colonial period as well.

Seychelles
The country has three official languages among which one is English. During the British rule, English was spread through the country and it remains to be the official language till date.

Eritrea
Also a country with three official languages including Arabic, Tigrigna, and English. English was introduced after the Second World War

Rwanda
English is one of the four official languages of Rwanda. English was introduced in order to sustain a place in the global market and international business.

Somaliland
Somaliland also has three official languages, English, Arabic, and Somali. During the colonization of North-West, English was introduced and have stayed ever since.

South Africa
English is one of the many official languages of the country. It was spread when the British took over from the Dutch in the 1800s.

Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe is a country that has fifteen official languages, in addition to English. English language was made official during the colonial times by the British. Other languages are also widely spoken in the country.

In Conclusion:
Africa is among the largest continents of the world in regards to both area and the population. Taking into consideration the diversity that it offers, it would be impossible to not have English-speaking countries.

Turns out, there are not two or three countries by 24 that speak that language. All of which adopted English during the colonial rule of the British and have not let go of the language since.

This is Nigerian Fulani traditional building

Good farming

Lake Tanganyika is an African Great Lake. It is the second-oldest freshwater lake in the world, the second-largest by volume, and the second-deepest , in all cases after Lake Baikal in Siberia. It is the world's longest freshwater lake.

The hydrosphere (from Greek ὕδωρ hydōr, "water" and σφαῖρα sphaira, "sphere") is the combined mass of water found on, under, and above the surface of a planet, minor planet or natural satellite. Although the Earth's hydrosphere has been around for longer than 4 billion years, it continues to change in size. This is caused by seafloor spreading and continental drift, which rearranges the land and ocean.

It has been estimated that there are 1,386 million cubic kilometres (333,000,000 cubic miles) of water on Earth. This includes water in liquid and frozen forms in groundwater, oceans, lakes and streams. Saltwater accounts for 97.5% of this amount, whereas fresh water accounts for only 2.5%. Of this fresh water, 68.9% is in the form of ice and permanent snow cover in the Arctic, the Antarctic, and mountain glaciers; 30.8% is in the form of fresh groundwater; and only 0.3% of the fresh water on Earth is in easily accessible lakes, reservoirs and river systems.

The total mass of the Earth's hydrosphere is about 1.4 × 1018 tonnes, which is about 0.023% of Earth's total mass. At any given time, about 20 × 1012 tonnes of this is in the form of water v***r in the Earth's atmosphere (for practical purposes, 1 cubic meter of water weighs one tonne). Approximately 71% of Earth's surface, an area of some 361 million square kilometers (139.5 million square miles), is covered by ocean. The average salinity of Earth's oceans is about 35 grams of salt per kilogram of sea water (3.5%).

Water cycle
Main article: Water cycle
The water cycle refers to the transfer of water from one state or reservoir to another. Reservoirs include atmospheric moisture (snow, rain and clouds), streams, oceans, rivers, lakes, groundwater, subterranean aquifers, polar ice caps and saturated soil. Solar energy, in the form of heat and light (insolation), and gravity cause the transfer from one state to another over periods from hours to thousands of years. Most ev***ration comes from the oceans and is returned to the earth as snow or rain. Sublimation refers to ev***ration from snow and ice. Transpiration refers to the expiration of water through the minute pores or stomata of trees. Evapotranspiration is the term used by hydrologists in reference to the three processes together, transpiration, sublimation and ev***ration.

Marq de Villiers has described the hydrosphere as a closed system in which water exists. The hydrosphere is intricate, complex, interdependent, all-pervading and stable and "seems purpose-built for regulating life." De Villiers claimed that, "On earth, the total amount of water has almost certainly not changed since geological times: what we had then we still have. Water can be polluted, abused, and misused but it is neither created nor destroyed, it only migrates. There is no evidence that water v***r escapes into space."

"Every year the turnover of water on Earth involves 577,000 km3 of water. This is water that ev***rates from the oceanic surface (502,800 km3) and from land (74,200 km3). The same amount of water falls as atmospheric precipitation, 458,000 km3 on the ocean and 119,000 km3 on land. The difference between precipitation and ev***ration from the land surface (119,000 - 74,200 = 44,800 km3/year) represents the total runoff of the Earth's rivers (42,700 km3/year) and direct groundwater runoff to the ocean (2100 km3/year). These are the principal sources of fresh water to support life necessities and man's economic activities."

Water is a basic necessity of life. Since 2/3 of the Earth is covered by water, the Earth is also called the blue planet and the watery planet. Hydrosphere plays an important role in the existence of the atmosphere in its present form. Oceans are important in this regard. When the Earth was formed it had only a very thin atmosphere rich in hydrogen and helium similar to the present atmosphere of Mercury. Later the gases hydrogen and helium were expelled from the atmosphere. The gases and water v***r released as the Earth cooled became its present atmosphere. Other gases and water v***r released by volcanoes also entered the atmosphere. As the Earth cooled the water v***r in the atmosphere condensed and fell as rain. The atmosphere cooled further as atmospheric carbon dioxide dissolved in to rain water. In turn this further caused the water v***r to condense and fall as rain. This rain water filled the depressions on the Earth's surface and formed the oceans. It is estimated that this occurred about 4000 million years ago. The first life forms began in the oceans. These organisms did not breathe oxygen. Later, when cyanobacteria evolved, the process of conversion of carbon dioxide into food and oxygen began. As a result, Earth's atmosphere has a distinctly different composition from that of other planets and allowed for life to evolve on Earth.

Recharging reservoirs
According to Igor A. Shiklomanov, it takes 2500 years for the complete recharge and replenishment of oceanic waters, 10,000 years for permafrost and ice, 1500 years for deep groundwater and mountainous glaciers, 17 years in lakes and 16 days in rivers.

Specific fresh water availability
"Specific water availability is the residual (after use) per capita quantity of fresh water." Fresh water resources are unevenly distributed in terms of space and time and can go from floods to water shortages within months in the same area. In 1998 76% of the total population had a specific water availability of less than 5.0 thousand m³ per year per capita. Already by 1998, 35% of the global population suffered "very low or catastrophically low water supplies" and Shiklomanov predicted that the situation would deteriorate in the twenty-first century with "most of the Earth's population will be living under the conditions of low or catastrophically low water supply" by 2025. There is only 2.5% of fresh water in the hydrosphere and only 0.25% of water is accessible for our use.

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article Hydrosphere, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.

Another wonderful image of Comet NEOWISE this time over Vikos Gorge, Greece and is featured as today's Astronomy Picture of the Day (APOD)

TODAY WE SHOULD SEE CLIMATE CHANGE

''Climate Change and Our Environment" is an Educational page aimed at helping people understand Climate change and its impacts on our Environment.

Climate change is an undeniable environmental threat of the 21st century which the world is currently experiencing and seeking measures to adapt and mitigate its impact.

The aim of this page is to push the frontier of knowledge and impacts of climate change forward and thereby pushing back its realm of unknown and uncertainty by presenting the recent facts, information, and research findings rationally to the public so as to promote climate change awareness for a responsible adaptation by the public.

SABON GARI

A Sabon Gari (strangers' quarters or literally new town in the Hausa language, plural Sabon Garuruwa) is a section of cities and town in Northern Nigeria south central Niger and northern Cameroon whose residents are not indigenous to Hausa lands.

Sabon Garuruwa were established in all major cities of Northern Nigeria, most notably in Kano, Kaduna and Zaria. One exception was Maiduguri, which never had a Sabon Gari. A typical city or town in Northern Nigeria would consist of the old city within fortified walls and inhabited by indigenous Hausa or Fulani people. The Sabon Gari would house immigrants mostly from Southern Nigeria. The Tudun Wada would house people from Northern Nigeria that were not indigenous to the local area.
Eventually a typical Sabon Gari would house a diversity of people from all parts of Nigeria and to a lesser extent from other parts of West Africa. For example, in 1939 various ethnic groups were represented in the Sabon Gari of Kaduna as follows: 27% were Hausa, 11% were Igbo, 19% were Yoruba, 15% were Nupe and 28% were other ethnicities.
Geography is all over the world my this is how the west African Hausa tribe are all about.

Pls oooh🙏🏻 What drugs💊
can someone take??
When you start seeing symptoms of falling in love💕🌹