Majlisu Auwal Hayyakallah Adam Darmanawa

12. Wasiyyar mamaci a yi masa layya: Idan mamaci ya yi wasiyyar a yi masa layya, to hukuncin yana da bayani kamar haka:
(a) Idan ya bar kaso ɗaya bisa uku (1/3) na dukiyarsa, to wajibi ne a yi masa layya daga cikin wannan kaso.
(b) Idan bai bar kaso ɗaya bisa uku ba, to yana da kyau ɗansa ya yi masa layya, amma ba wajibi ba ne. Idan bai yi ba, babu zunubi a kansa.

13. Wanda yake ƙasar da ba a yin yanka irin na Musulunci: Duk wanda yake wata ƙasa da ba a yin yanka irin na Musulunci yadda ya kamata, kamar wasu ƙasashen Turai, to zai iya tura kuɗi zuwa ga iyalinsa domin su yi masa layya. Shi kuma sai ya kame daga aske gashi da yanke farce.

14. Shin iyalan gida su ma za su kame daga yanke gashi da farce? Ko da suna tarayya cikin lada, ba lallai ba ne su kame.
Wanda kawai hakan ya hau kansa shi ne mai dabbar layyar, wato wanda ya siye ta.

15. Wanda ya yanke gashi ko farce da gangan: Duk wanda ya yi hakan da gangan, to ya yi zunubi. Ya wajabta ya tuba kuma ya nemi gafara. Sai dai layyarsa tana nan ingantacciya, kuma babu wata kaffara a kansa, domin asalin ibadar bata lalace ba.

16. Wanda ya yi sakaci da dabbar layya: Idan mutum ya yi sakaci har dabbar ta ɓace ko ta samu aibu, to zai biya diyya saboda an ware ta ne saboda Allah.
Ba ya halatta:
a sayar da ita, ko ai jingina da ita, ko a yi amfani da ita wajen aƙiƙa.

17. Idan dabbar layya ta haihu: Idan dabbar layya ta haihu, to za a yanka ɗan nata tare da ita, domin tun da an fitar da uwarta saboda Allah, to abin da ya biyo bayanta yana binta.
Wannan shi ne ra’ayin mafi yawan malamai.

18. Idan dabbar layya ta mutu ko aka sace ta: Idan dabbar ta mutu ko aka sace ta ko ta ɓace kafin lokacin layya, babu wani abu a kan mai ita matuƙar bai yi sakaci ba.
Amma idan ya yi sakaci, to dole ya maye gurbinta kamar yadda ake hukunci a ajiyar amana.

19. Idan aka yi kuskure aka ɗauki layyar wani: Idan aka yi kuskure wajen yanka har wani ya ɗauki dabbar layyar wani, babu laifi a kansu, kuma kowacce layya tana wadatar wa ɗayan.
Domin an ɗage wa wannan al’umma hukuncin kuskure da mantuwa.

20. Hukuncin wakilin layya da mazaunin wata ƙasa: Duk wanda aka wakilta ya yi wa wani layya, yana iya yanke gashinsa da farcensa.
Haka kuma wanda yake baƙo a wata ƙasa yayin da iyalinsa suke wata ƙasar daban, kamar ma’aikata, zai iya:
yin layya a ƙasar da yake aiki, ko ya wakilta iyalinsa su yi masa.

21. Wanne ya fi: a yi layya ko a yi sadakar ƙimar kuɗinta?

Mafifici shi ne a yi layyar kanta, kamar yadda Annabi ﷺ ya aikata.

©️ Majlisu Auwal Hayyakallah Adam Darmanawa

Wasu mas’aloli da s**a shafi Layya

1. Shar’ancin layya ga kowane gida: An shar’anta layya ga kowane iyali, saboda faɗin Annabi ﷺ: “Hakika a kan kowane gidan Musulmi akwai layya a kowace shekara.” Tirmizi ya ruwaito shi kuma ya ce hadisi ne mai kyau, duk da cewa Khaɗɗaabi ya raunana shi.

Haka kuma ya tabbata a cikin riwayar Muslim daga Aisha bint Abi Bakr cewa Annabi ﷺ ya kasance yana cewa yayin layya: “Da sunan Allah. Ya Allah Ka karɓa daga Muhammad da iyalan Muhammad.” Wannan yana nuna cewa haɗa iyalai cikin ladan layya abu ne mustahabbi.

2. Ba wa kafiri kyautar naman layya: Ya halatta a bai wa kafirin da ba ya yaƙar Musulmi kyautar naman layya, musamman idan ana fatan zai karɓi Musulunci. Haka kuma ya halatta a bai wa ma’aikaci ko mai hidima ko makiyayi, ko da kafiri ne. Wannan shi ne ra’ayin Muhammad ibn Salih al-Uthaymin.

3. Idan dabbar layya ta samu aibu bayan an siya: Duk wanda ya siyi dabbar layya, sannan yayin sauke ta ta karye ko ta samu wani aibu, to zai iya yin layya da ita kuma babu laifi a kansa, domin bai yi sakaci ba, saboda haka shari’a ta ba shi uzuri.

4. Siyan layya bashi: Ya halatta mutum ya siyi dabbar layya bashi idan yana da ikon biya. Amma idan biyan bashi ya yi karo da yin layya, to biyan bashin ya fi cancanta, domin shi ya fi wanke haƙƙin mutum.

5. Yin layya a madadin wani: Ya halatta mutum ya yi layya a madadin wanda ba zai iya ba, matuƙar ya ba da izini. Amma idan ba mai rauni ba ne, to asali wajibcin yana kansa ne.

6. Kyautar dabbar layya ga mabukata: Ya halatta a ba mabukata dabbar layya domin su yi layya da ita, saboda Annabi ﷺ ya taɓa raba dabbobin layya tsakanin sahabbansa. (Bukhari ne ya ruwaito)

7. Haɗa kuɗin layya: Ya halatta mutane bakwai ko ƙasa da haka su haɗa kuɗi a cikin saniya ko raƙumi. Amma fiye da bakwai ba ya halatta.

Ya tabbata daga Jabir ibn Abd Allah cewa Annabi ﷺ ya ce: “Saniya tana isar wa mutum bakwai, haka ma raƙumi.” Albani ya inganta hadisin a cikin Sahih Abi Dawud.

8. Haɗuwar layya da suna (aƙiƙa): Idan layya da aƙiƙa s**a haɗu, malamai sun yi saɓani kan ko ɗaya za ta wadatar a madadin ɗayar. Mazhabar Hanabila da Muhammad ibn Ibrahim Al ash-Sheikh sun ce ya wadatar. Sai dai fifita layya shi ya fi, domin lokacinta ƙanƙani ne, yayin da lokacin aƙiƙa yake da faɗi.

9. Layya ta fi yin sadakar kuɗinta/ƙimarta: Yin layya ya fi bayar da ƙimar kuɗinta sadaka, domin layya Sunnah ce mai ƙarfi, kuma wasu malamai ma sun ce wajibi ce.
Sa'id ibn al Musayyib ya ce: “Na fi son in yi layya da tunkiya fiye da in yi sadakar dirhami ɗari.” Haka kuma Imam Ibn Taymiyyah ya ce: “Layya ta fi yin sadakar ƙimar kuɗinta.”

10. Haɗuwar lada cikin iyali: Dabba ɗaya ta layya tana wadatar wa dukan iyalin gida, komai yawansu. Ko da akwai maraya ko jikan ɗa ko jikan ‘ya a cikin gidan.

11. Yin layya ga matattu: Ya halatta a yi layya ga mamata ko a haɗa su cikin niyya.

Misali mutum ya ce: “Ya Allah wannan daga gare ni ne da iyalina, rayayyu da mamata.”
Kamar yadda aka ruwaito cewa Ali ibn Abi Talib ya kasance yana yin layya da raguna biyu a madadin Annabi ﷺ, kuma ya ce Annabi ﷺ ne ya umurce shi da hakan. Abu Dawud, Tirmizi, Ahmad da Baihaqi ne s**a ruwaito hadisin.

©️ Majlisu Auwal Hayyakallah Adam Darmanawa

RUKUNI NA HUƊU: YANKA

Yanka yana da nau’o’i uku:
A. Yanka (الذبح)
Saboda faɗin Allah Maɗaukaki:
“Kuma muka fanshe shi da wata babbar dabbar yanka.”

B. Sokewa (النحر)
Saboda faɗin Allah:
“Ka yi salla ga Ubangijinka, kuma ka soke (abin hadayarka).”

C. Soke dabba ta hanyar bugu ko rauni etc(العقر)
Saboda faɗin Allah:
“Sai s**a ƙaryata shi sannan s**a soke ta.”

Sharuddan yanka:
A yanke:
(a) Maƙogwaro, mashigar abinci, jijiyoyi biyu na wuya.
(b) A ambaci sunan Allah da cewa: “Bismillahi Allahu Akbar. Allahumma hādhā ‘annī wa ‘an ahli baitī fataqabbal minnī.”

Ma’ana: “Da sunan Allah, Allah ne Mafi Girma. Ya Allah wannan daga gare ni ne da iyalina, Ka karɓa daga gare ni.”

©️ Majlisu Auwal Hayyakallah Adam Darmanawa

RUKUNI NA UKU: LOKACIN YANKA LAYYA

Yana da sharudda kamar haka:

1. Ya kasance ranar goma ga Zul-Hijja, da kuma kwanaki uku bayan ta, waɗanda ake kira ayyamu Tashriƙ.

2. Ya kasance bayan sallar idi: Ana iya yin yanka a kowanne lokaci na dare ko rana bayan an yi sallar idi.

3. Idan akwai uzuri ana iya yin yanka ko da kwanakin tashriƙ sun wuce saboda wani uzuri ba tare da sakaci ba, kamar: Dabbar ta ɓace, wanda aka wakilta ya manta.

Idan hakan ta kasance to babu laifi a yanka bayan kwanakin tashriƙ, ko da bayan wata guda ne.

©️ Majlisu Auwal Hayyakallah Adam Darmanawa

RUKUNI NA BIYU: DABBAR LAYYA

Ita ma tana da sharudda kamar haka:

1. Dole ne ta kasance daga dabbobin ni’ima, wato; raƙumi, saniya, tunkiya ko akuya, saboda faɗin Allah Maɗaukaki: “Dabbobi nau’i takwas...” (Suratul An’am)

2. Dole ta cika shekarun da aka shar’anta, dole dabbar ta kai shekarun da ake buƙata:
Tunkiya ko akuya: shekara ɗaya, ko kuma ɗan tunkiya (rago) mai wata shida
Saniya: shekara biyu
Raƙumi: shekara biyar
Kamar yadda Muslim ya ruwaito daga Jabir ibn Abd Allah.

3. Ta kasance babu aibu: Dole dabbar ta kuɓuta daga aibukan da suke hana layya kamar yadda ya zo a hadisin Al-Bara ibn Azib “Dabbobi huɗu da ba su halatta a yi layya:
(a) Mai ido ɗaya wadda aibinta ya bayyana
(b) Mara lafiya wadda rashin lafiyarta ya bayyana
(c) Gurguwa wadda gurguncinta ya bayyana
(d) Mara ƙiba (siririya sosai) wadda babu kitse a jikinta.” Dukkan waɗannan suna rage ingancin nama da ƙimarsa.

Haka kuma saboda wannan hadisin an yi ƙiyasin sauran aibuka kamar:
(i) Makanta
(ii) Mara ƙaho
(iii) Mai karyayyen ƙaho
(iv) Mara wutsiya/jela da sauransu.

4. Kyautata wa dabbar: A kula da dabbar sosai domin ta yi ƙiba kuma naman ta ya yi kyau idan lokacin yanka ya zo.

5. Haramcin sayar da wani sashenta: Ba ya halatta a sayar da wani abu daga cikin naman layya saboda faɗin Annabi ﷺ: “Duk wanda ya sayar da fatar layyarsa, to babu layya gare shi.” Baihaqi ne ya ruwaito shi.

©️ Majlisu Auwal Hayyakallah Adam Darmanawa

HUKUNCE-HUKUNCEN LAYYA

Layya tana da Rukunai guda uku:

Rukuni na farko: Mai yin layya
Rukuni na biyu: Dabbar layya
Rukuni na uku: Lokacin yin layya

RUKUNI NA FARKO: MAI YIN LAYYA
Yana da wasu sharudda kamar haka:

1. Musulunci: Dole ne mai layya ya kasance Musulmi ko kuma mutumin littafi, saboda faɗin Allah Maɗaukaki: “Duk kuma wanda ya nemi (bin) wani addini ba Musulunci ba, to har abada ba za a karɓa daga gare shi ba, kuma shi a lahira yana cikin hasararru.” (Surat Ali Imran)

2. Niyya: Wato ya yi layyar ne domin neman kusanci ga Allah, saboda faɗin Allah Maɗaukaki: “Namansu da jininsu ba sa zuwa wajen Allah, sai dai taƙawarku ce za ta isa gare shi...” (Suratul Hajj)

3. Mallaka: Dole ne ya mallaki dabbar ta hanyar da Allah da ManzonSa s**a halatta kamar: saya, kyauta, sadaka, gado, ko kiwo.

4. Lokaci: Dole ne a yanka dabbar a lokacin da aka shar’anta, wato bayan sallar idi har zuwa kwanaki uku bayan ranar sallah.

©️Majlisu Auwal Hayyakallah Adam Darmanawa

FALALAR LAYYA

An shar’anta layya ne a shekara ta biyu bayan Hijira, kamar yadda aka shar’anta zakka da azumi da kuma sallar idi biyu.

An karɓo daga Aliyu ibn Abi Talib (R.A.) cewa ya kasance yana yin layya da raguna biyu a madadin Annabi ﷺ, kuma ya ce: “Lalle Annabi ﷺ ne ya umarce ni da hakan.”
Abu Dawud, Tirmizi, Ahmad, Baihaqi da Hakim ne s**a ruwaito shi, kuma Hakim ya inganta hadisin.

An kuma karɓo daga Abu Hurairah (R.A.) cewa Manzon Allah ﷺ ya ce: “Duk wanda yake da hali amma bai yi layya ba, kada ya kusanci wurin sallar mu.” Ahmad da Ibn Majah ne s**a ruwaito shi, kuma Hakim ya inganta shi.

Sheikh Ibn Taymiyyah ya ce: “Layya tana daga cikin nauyin ciyarwa da Shari'a tayi umarni. Shiyasama(Ana) iya yin layya wa maraya daga dukiyarsa. Haka kuma mace za ta iya ɗaukar kuɗi daga dukiyar mijinta ta yi layya ga iyalin gidan, ko da bai ba ta izini ba.” Wannan ita ce fatawar Imam Malik da Abu Hanifa.

An karɓo daga Nana Aisha bint Abi Bakr (R.A.) cewa Manzon Allah ﷺ ya ce: “Babu wani aikin da ɗan Adam yake yi ranar sallah wanda ya fi soyuwa ga Allah kamar zubar da jinin layya. Hakika dabbar za ta zo ranar alƙiyama da ƙahoninta da ƙafafunta. Kuma lalle jinin yana samun matsayi a wajen Allah tun kafin ya zube a ƙasa. Saboda haka ku yi farin ciki da ita.”
Tirmizi ne ya ruwaito shi kuma ya kyautata shi.

©️ Auwal Hayyakallah Darmanawa

Da sunan Allah Mai Rahama Mai Jin ƙai.

Lallai dukkan yabo da godiya sun tabbata ga Allah (Subhanahu wata'ala). Muna gode Masa, muna neman taimakonSa, muna neman gafararSa. Kuma muna neman tsarin Allah daga sharrin zukatanmu da kuma munanan ayyukanmu. Wanda Allah Ya shiryar, babu mai ɓatar da shi. Wanda kuma Ya bari cikin ɓata, babu mai shiryar da shi.

Ina shaidawa babu abin bautawa da gaskiya sai Allah Shi kaɗai, ba Shi da abokin tarayya. Kuma ina shaidawa cewa lallai Annabi Muhammad (Sallallahu alaihi Wasallam) bawansa ne kuma ManzonSa ne.
Hakika mafi gaskiyar magana ita ce Littafin Allah, kuma mafificiyar shiriya ita ce shiriyar Annabi Muhammad ﷺ. Mafi munin al’amura kuma su ne sababbin abubuwan da aka ƙirƙira a cikin addini. Duk wani sabon abu bidi’a ne, duk bidi’a kuma ɓata ce, duk wata ɓata kuma makomarta wuta ce.

Bayan haka:-
Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya ce a cikin Suratul Kausar: “Saboda haka ka yi salla don Ubangijinka kuma ka yi yanka.”

Haka kuma Allah subhanahu wata'ala Ya ce: “Kuma raƙuma mun sanya su daga cikin alamomin addinin Allah domin amfaninku. A cikinsu akwai alkhairi a gare ku. Saboda haka ku ambaci sunan Allah a kansu yayin da suke tsaye a jere. Idan kuwa s**a fāɗi ƙasa (bayan an yanka su), to ku ci daga cikinsu, kuma ku ciyar da mai roƙo da wanda bai roƙa ba. Haka muka h**e muku su domin ku gode wa Allah. Nama da jininsu ba su isa ga Allah, sai dai taƙawar ku ce take isa gare Shi. Haka Ya h**e muku su domin ku girmama Allah saboda shiriyar da Ya yi muku. Kuma ka yi bushara ga masu kyautatawa.” (Suratul Hajj: 36–37)

Wannan ɗan littafi asalin sa muḥaḍara ce da na gabatar a shekarar 1440 Hijiriyya a Masallacin Hamza ɗan Abdul Muɗɗalib, a lokacin da ake tunkarar Idin Layya.
Bayan an yaɗa ta ta hanyar rediyo, mutane da dama s**a ji ta kuma ta bazu a tsakaninsu. Har wasu s**a nemi da in rubuta ta domin jama’a su amfana da ita. Ban rubuta ta ba sai da mutane s**a matsa sosai kan buƙatar hakan. Sai na rubuta ta, na yi mata ƙarin bayani da sharhi, sannan na ƙara wasu mas’alolin fiƙihu da s**a shafi layya, domin ta zama mai sauƙin fahimta da ganewa. Kuma babu wani dacewa gare ni sai da taimakon Allah. Gare Shi na dogara, kuma gare Shi nake komawa.

Ina roƙon Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Ya karɓe ta karɓa mai kyau, Ya sanya ta mai amfani ga duk wanda ya karanta ta kuma ya yi aiki da abin da ke cikinta. Kuma ina roƙonSa Ya sanya wannan aiki na yi shi ne tsantsa saboda neman yardarSa Mai Girma.

Na kuma sanya mata suna:

“Saƙo akan Mas’alolin da s**a shafi Layya.”

Tsira da amincin Allah su tabbata ga Annabi (Sallallaaaahahu alaihi Wam) tare da iyalansa da sahabbansa baki ɗaya.

©️Majlisu Auwal Hayyakallah Adam Darmanawa