enlighten the life
13/08/2022
Arzikin Duniya Da Lahira Yana Cikin Yiwa Annabi Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama Salati.
اللهم صل على سيدنا محمد الفاتح لما اغلق والخاتم لما سبق ناصر الحق بالحق و الهادي الى صراطك المستقيم وعلى آله حق قدره و مقداره العظيم❤️❤️❤️
Allah Katabbatar Damu Cikin Ambaton Annabi S.A.W
Tsohuwar Ajiya Domin nishaɗantar daku da tsofaffin bidiyo, labarai, da abubuwan da s**a faru a baya. Ku kasance tare damu a koda yaushe domin jin daɗinku.
Parts of Speech
In grammar, a part of speech (also calledlexical categories, grammatical categories) is a linguistic category of words.
Words can be considered as the smallest elements that have distinctive meanings. Based on their use and functions, words are categorized into several types or parts of speech.8 major parts of speech in English grammar: noun, pronoun, verb, adverb, adjective, conjunction, preposition, and interjection.
A list of parts of speech
1. Noun
A noun is a word used to refer to people, animals, objects, substances, states, events, ideas and feelings. A noun functions as a subject or object of a verb and can be modified by an adjective.
John, Dog, table, freedom, love ...
John Hanks is very versatile.The italicized noun refers to a name of a person.Dogs can be extremely cute.In this example, the italicized word is considered a noun because it names an animal.It is my birthday.The word "birthday" is a noun which refers to an event.
2. Pronoun
A pronoun is used in the place of a noun or phrase.
I, you, he, she, it ...
Sample Sentences:
Janice is a very stubborn child. Shejust stared at me and when I told her to stop.The largest slice is mine.We are number one.
The italicized words in the sentences above are the pronouns in the sentence.
3.Verb
A verb is used to show an action or a state of being
go, write, exist, be
Sample Sentences:
As usual, the Stormtroopers missedtheir shot.The italicized word expresses the action of the subject "Stormtroopers."They are always prepared in emergencies.The verb "are" refers to the state of being of the pronoun "they," which is the subject in the sentence.
4. Adverb
An adverb is used to modify a verb, adjective and other adverbs.
completely, never, there ...
Sample Sentences:
Annie danced gracefully..The word "gracefully" tells how AnniedancedShe came yesterday.The italicized word tells when she "came"
5. Adjective
Adjectives are used to describe or specify a noun or pronoun
good, beau
Number:Number is a form of the noun, by which we know whether the name (noun) refers to one of something or more than one of that thing.
When the thing named is one, we say that the noun has a Singular number.
The word pen is a name given to a writing instrument—just a single one of it.
If the thing named is more than one, we say that the noun has a Plural number.
In our example, suppose we have more than one of that writing instrument, say two of them, then we have to give the two together a different name—the name pen will not suffice. We therefore give it a different name, i.e. pens.
Pen and pens are not identical names; they are different names. Through those different names, the language community clearly differentiates between the one and the many.
The Singular and the Plural forms of the noun are usually similar.
They are similar implies...
They are not identical (i.e. they are not the same in every respect). If they were the same, we would have difficulty in distinguishing the singular and plural forms. In row number 12 in the table below, we have such a case.
They are not completely different. Had the singular and plural forms been totally different, then English language would have been burdened with too many forms and it would have made learning difficult.
The forms are similar because a plural is formed out of a singular. In most cases this is done by making a small change in the spelling or sound.
Pattern of Singular and Plural in English
Singular:stone,teacher,chair, girl, goat, table, uncle,computer
Plural:chairs, girls, goats, computers, stones, tables, uncles, teachers
Method:Adding 's'. with singular.
Singular:mango, tomato, box, tax, match, watch, catch, stitch, lash, crash
Plural:mangoes, tomatoes, boxes, taxes, matches, watches, catches, stitches, lashes, crashes
Method:Add 'es' for words ending in 'o', 'x', 'ch' or 'sh'.
Singular:photo, dynamo, piano, stomach
Plural:photos, dynamos, pianos, stomachs
Method:Exceptions to no. 2 above.
Add only 's'. The first three words are commonly used short forms for photograph, dynamoelectric, pianoforte. In the word stomach, the 'ch' is pronounced as 'k'
Singular:bamboo, igloo, cuckoo
Plural:bamboos, igloos, cuckoos
Method:Add 's' for words ending in 'oo'
Singular:boy, day, key,donkey, bay, way, toy
Plural:boys, donkeys, days, keys, bays, ways, toys
Method:Add 's' to words ending in 'y' before which comes a vowel letter.
Singular:lady, lorry, body, berry, story
Plural:ladies, lorries, bodies, berries, stories
Method:Add 'es' after changing the 'y' into 'i'. This is for words which end in 'y' and have a consonant letter coming before the 'y'.
Singular:leaf, wife, life, thief, sheaf
Plural:leaves, wives, lives, thieves, sheaves
Method:Change the 'f' or 'fe' ending of these words into 'v' and then add 'es'
Singular:brief, chief, roof, belief
Plural:briefs, chiefs, roofs, beliefs
Method:These words are exceptions to the ones given in 7 above.
Singular:scarf, hoof
Plural:scarves or scarfs, hooves or hoofs
Method:Both forms of plural (nos. 7 and 8 above) can be used for these words.
Singular:man, tooth, goose, foot
Plural:men, teeth, geese, feet
Method:The vowel sound (between two consonant sounds) is changed to form the plural.
Singular:louse, mouse
Plural:lice, mice
Method:The same rule as in 10 above, except that the last consonant (sound) has also its spelling changed.
Singular:deer, sheep
Plural:deer, sheep
Method:The plural is the same as the singular.
Singular:No singular
Plural:scissors, pants, pliers, tongs, pincers, tweezers
Method:These words have no singular form
Singular:measles, diabetes, mumps, aerobics, gymnastics, economics, mathematics, politics
Plural:No plural
Method:These words appear to be plural, but they are singular always.
Singular:child, ox
Plural:children, oxen
Method:by adding 'ren' or 'en'
Countable and uncountable noun.
Countable and Uncountable Nouns
In English grammar, countable nouns are individual people, animals, places, things, or ideas which can be counted. Uncountable nouns are not individual objects, so they cannot be counted. Here, we’ll take a look at countable and uncountable nouns and provide both countable noun examples and uncountable noun examples.
Countable Noun Examples
Anything that can be counted, whether singular – a dog, a house, a friend, etc. or plural – a few books, lots of oranges, etc. is a countable noun. The following countable noun examples will help you to see the difference between countable and uncountable nouns. Notice that singular verbs are used with singular countable nouns, while plural verbs are used with plural countable nouns.
There are at least twenty Italian restaurants in Little Italy.
Megan took a lot of photographs when she went to the Grand Canyon.
Your book is on the kitchen table.
How many candles are on that birthday cake?
You have several paintings to study in art appreciation class.
There’s a big brown dog running around the neighborhood.
Uncountable Noun Examples
Anything that cannot be counted is an uncountable noun. Even though uncountable nouns are not individual objects, they are always singular and one must always use singularverbs in conjunction with uncountable nouns. The following uncountable noun examples will help you to gain even more understanding of how countable and uncountable nouns differ from one another. Notice that singular verbs are always used with uncountable nouns.
There is no more water in the pond.
Please help yourself to some cheese.
I need to find information about Pulitzer Prize winners.
You seem to have a high level of intelligence.
Please take good care of your equipment.
Let’s get rid of the garbage.
Uncountable nouns can be paired with words expressing plural concept. Using these words can make your writing more specific. Here are some examples of how to format interesting sentences with uncountable nouns.
Garbage – There are five bags of garbage on the curb.
Water – Try to drink at least eight glasses of water each day
Advice – She gave me a useful piece of advice.
Bread – Please buy a loaf of bread.
Furniture – A couch is a piece of furniture.
Equipment – A backhoe is an expensive piece of equipment.
Cheese – Please bag ten slices of cheese for him.Countable and Uncountable Nouns
In English grammar, countable nouns are individual people, animals, places, things, or ideas which can be counted. Uncountable nouns are not individual objects, so they cannot be counted. Here, we’ll take a look at countable and uncountable nouns and provide both countable noun examples and uncountable noun examples.
Countable Noun Examples
Anything that can be counted, whether singular – a dog, a house, a friend, etc. or plural – a few books, lots of oranges, etc. is a countable noun. The following countable noun examples will help you to see the difference between countable and uncountable nouns. Notice that singular verbs are used with singular countable nouns, while plural verbs are used with plural countable nouns.
There are at least twenty Italian restaurants in Little Italy.
Megan took a lot of photographs when she went to the Grand Canyon.
Your book is on the kitchen table.
How many candles are on that birthday cake?
You have several paintings to study in art appreciation class.
There’s a big brown dog running around the neighborhood.
Uncountable Noun Examples
Anything that cannot be counted is an uncountable noun. Even though uncountable nouns are not individual objects, they are always singular and one must always use singularverbs in conjunction with uncountable nouns. The following uncountable noun examples will help you to gain even more understanding of how countable and uncountable nouns differ from one another. Notice that singular verbs are always used with uncountable nouns.
There is no more water in the pond.
Please help yourself to some cheese.
I need to find information about Pulitzer Prize winners.
You seem to have a high level of intelligence.
Please take good care of your equipment.
Let’s get rid of the garbage.
Uncountable nouns can be paired with words expressing plural concept. Using these words can make your writing more specific. Here are some examples of how to format interesting sentences with uncountable nouns.
Garbage – There are five bags of garbage on the curb.
Water – Try to drink at least eight glasses of water each day
Advice – She gave me a useful piece of advice.
Bread – Please buy a loaf of bread.
Furniture – A couch is a piece of furniture.
Equipment – A backhoe is an expensive piece of equipment.
Cheese – Please bag ten slices of cheese for him.
Noun
A noun is one of the parts of speech and can be defined as a word used to name a person, place or thing. Everything around us is noun- the people, places, things, the objects all are nouns.
Examples: The words marked in bold are nouns.
- Mrs. Sharma teaches English.
- Kim has taken my car.
- I have won a trip to Europe.
Nouns can be classified into following categories-:
Common Nouns
Proper Nouns
Abstract Nouns
Collective Nouns
Countable Nouns
Uncountable Nouns
Possessive Nouns
A brief description of these nouns is discussed below.
Common Nouns:
It's a name given to a group of similar things or persons.
Example: Man, woman, country, city, airline, building, university, School etc.
Proper Nouns:
It is the name of a person, place or a thing in particular. In proper nouns, the first letter is always in capital.
Examples:
- He is visiting Spain this summer.
- The conference will be held in Chennai.
- Thomas studied in Harvard University.
Abstract Nouns:
It is the name of a quality, action or state of a noun or we can say the name of something we can't touch, smell, see or taste.
The words like advice, information, kindness, goodness, discussion etc. fall under this category.
The following sentences may give more clarifications about Abstract Nouns (marked in bold).
1) Rohit is well known for his kindness.
2) The childhood is a golden period of one's life.
3) The Youth is a biggest strength of any nation.
Collective Nouns:
A collective noun is a particular name given to the collection of persons/ things taken together.
Examples: Family, Nation, Army, Association, Committee, team, bunch etc.
Countable Nouns:
The things which can be counted are called as Countable nouns.
Examples: Book. It can be counted as a book, 2 books, many books etc.
Other examples are dog, cat, animal, man, person, bottle etc.
Note: We add "s" at the end of the countable noun to make it plural.
Example: Plural of book is books, chair is chairs, pen is pens etc.
Uncountable Nouns:
These are the things which cannot be counted.
Examples: Tea, Sugar, Water, Air, Rice, Work, Information, Coffee, Sand etc
Note: They do not have Plural Form.
Possessive Nouns:
The possessive form of a noun expresses the ownership or belonging. It also expresses the relationships like a family relationship, where somebody stays, works or spends time.
Note: Add apostrophe after a noun to make its possessive form
Example: The words marked in bold are possessive nouns.
- This is Mike's bike. This sentence shows that 'Mike' is the owner of the bike.
- These are me's wear.
- She is Priya's mother.
- Are we going to Jack's party?
- He is Charlie's friend.
- This is my children;s room.
Parts of Speech
In grammar, a part of speech (also called lexical categories, grammatical categories) is a linguistic category of words.
Words can be considered as the smallest elements that have distinctive meanings. Based on their use and functions, words are categorized into several types or parts of speech.8 major parts of speech in English grammar: noun, pronoun, verb, adverb, adjective, conjunction, preposition, and interjection.
A list of parts of speech
1. Noun
A noun is a word used to refer to people, animals, objects, substances, states, events, ideas and feelings. A noun functions as a subject or object of a verb and can be modified by an adjective.
John, Dog, table, freedom, love ...
John Hanks is very versatile.
The italicized noun refers to a name of a person.
Dogs can be extremely cute.
In this example, the italicized word is considered a noun because it names an animal.
It is my birthday.
The word "birthday" is a noun which refers to an event.
2. Pronoun
A pronoun is used in the place of a noun or phrase.
I, you, he, she, it ...
Sample Sentences:
Janice is a very stubborn child. She just stared at me and when I told her to stop.
The largest slice is mine.
We are number one.
The italicized words in the sentences above are the pronouns in the sentence.
3.Verb
A verb is used to show an action or a state of being
go, write, exist, be
Sample Sentences:
As usual, the Stormtroopers missed their shot.
The italicized word expresses the action of the subject "Stormtroopers."
They are always prepared in emergencies.
The verb "are" refers to the state of being of the pronoun "they," which is the subject in the sentence.
4. Adverb
An adverb is used to modify a verb, adjective and other adverbs.
completely, never, there ...
Sample Sentences:
Annie danced gracefully..
The word "gracefully" tells how Annie danced
She came yesterday.
The italicized word tells when she "came"
5. Adjective
Adjectives are used to describe or specify a noun or pronoun
good, beautiful, nice, my ...
Sample Sentences:
The carvings are intricate.
The italicized word describes the appearance of the noun "carvings."
I have two hamsters.
The italicized word "two," is an adjective which describes the number of the noun "hamsters."
Wow! That doughnut is huge!
The italicized word is an adjective which describes the size of the noun "doughnut".
6. Preposition
Prepositions are used before nouns to form a phrase that shows where, when, how and why
in, above, to, for, at ...
Sample Sentences:
Micah is hiding under the bed.
The italicized preposition introduces the prepositional phrase "under the bed," and tells where Micah is hiding.
During the game, the audience never stopped cheering for their team.
The italicized preposition introduces the prepositional phrase "during the game," and tells when the audience cheered.
7. Conjunction
Conjunctions join clauses or sentences or words
and, but, when ...
Sample Sentences:
This cup of tea is delicious and very soothing.
Kiyoko has to start all over again because she didn't follow the professor's instructions.
Homer always wanted to join the play, but he didn't have the guts to audition.
The italicized words in the sentences above are some examples of conjunctions.
8. Interjection
Interjections are used to show surprise or emotion.
oh!, Good Lord
Sample Sentences:
Ouch! That must have hurt.
Hurray, we won!
Hey! I said enough!
The bold words attached to the main sentences above are some examples of interjections.
12/08/2021
English grammar
Parts of Speech
In grammar, a part of speech (also called lexical categories, grammatical categories) is a linguistic category of words.
Words can be considered as the smallest elements that have distinctive meanings. Based on their use and functions, words are categorized into several types or parts of speech.8 major parts of speech in English grammar: noun, pronoun, verb, adverb, adjective, conjunction, preposition, and interjection.
A list of parts of speech
1. Noun
A noun is a word used to refer to people, animals, objects, substances, states, events, ideas and feelings. A noun functions as a subject or object of a verb and can be modified by an adjective.
John, Dog, table, freedom, love ...
John Hanks is very versatile.
The italicized noun refers to a name of a person.
Dogs can be extremely cute.
In this example, the italicized word is considered a noun because it names an animal.
It is my birthday.
The word "birthday" is a noun which refers to an event.
2. Pronoun
A pronoun is used in the place of a noun or phrase.
I, you, he, she, it ...
Sample Sentences:
Janice is a very stubborn child. She just stared at me and when I told her to stop.
The largest slice is mine.
We are number one.
The italicized words in the sentences above are the pronouns in the sentence.
3.Verb
A verb is used to show an action or a state of being
go, write, exist, be
Sample Sentences:
As usual, the Stormtroopers missed their shot.
The italicized word expresses the action of the subject "Stormtroopers."
They are always prepared in emergencies.
The verb "are" refers to the state of being of the pronoun "they," which is the subject in the sentence.
4. Adverb
An adverb is used to modify a verb, adjective and other adverbs.
completely, never, there ...
Sample Sentences:
Annie danced gracefully..
The word "gracefully" tells how Annie danced
She came yesterday.
The italicized word tells when she "came"
5. Adjective
Adjectives are used to describe or specify a noun or pronoun
good, beautiful, nice, my ...
Sample Sentences:
The carvings are intricate.
The italicized word describes the appearance of the noun "carvings."
I have two hamsters.
The italicized word "two," is an adjective which describes the number of the noun "hamsters."
Wow! That doughnut is huge!
The italicized word is an adjective which describes the size of the noun "doughnut".
6. Preposition
Prepositions are used before nouns to form a phrase that shows where, when, how and why
in, above, to, for, at ...
Sample Sentences:
Micah is hiding under the bed.
The italicized preposition introduces the prepositional phrase "under the bed," and tells where Micah is hiding.
During the game, the audience never stopped cheering for their team.
The italicized preposition introduces the prepositional phrase "during the game," and tells when the audience cheered.
7. Conjunction
Conjunctions join clauses or sentences or words
and, but, when ...
Sample Sentences:
This cup of tea is delicious and very soothing.
Kiyoko has to start all over again because she didn't follow the professor's instructions.
Homer always wanted to join the play, but he didn't have the guts to audition.
The italicized words in the sentences above are some examples of conjunctions.
8. Interjection
Interjections are used to show surprise or emotion.
oh!, Good Lord
Sample Sentences:
Ouch! That must have hurt.
Hurray, we won!
Hey! I said enough!
The bold words attached to the main sentences above are some examples of interjections.
Bala Muhammad alpenglow enlighten the life