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TA’ALIQI A KAN RA’AYIN DR. AHMAD GUMI DANGANE DA AZUMIN KWANA SHIDA A CIKIN WATAN SHAWWAAL (SITTU SHAWWAAL)

✍ Professor Ahmad Bello Dogarawa

Dazu da safe na karanta a zaurukan WhatsApp cewa Dr. Ahmad Abubakar Mahmoud Gumi ya nuna rashin sahihancin yin azumin sittu Shawwaal. Na san cewa tun kusan shekara uku kenan, Dr. Ahmad Gumi ke ta qoqarin nuna wa mutane cewa azumin sittu Shawwaal da ake yi bayan Ramadan ba shi da asali, wai saboda Imaam Maalik ya karhanta kuma ya nuna cewa ma bidi’a ce.

Abin mamaki shi ne Dr. Ahmad Gumi ba ya bayyana matsayin manyan Malaman malikiyya game da maganar Imam Maalik a kan wannan mas’ala. Sanannen abu a wajen daliban ilmi shi ne idan ana son a fahimci maganar Imaam Maalik, k**ata ya yi a koma wa sharhohin da aka rubuta akan Muwatta, da kuma fahimtar manyan Malaman maalikiyyah na da can, da na yanzu game da maganganunsa.

Idan muka dauki wannan mas’alar ta azumi guda shida a watan Shawwaal, za mu ga cewa ya zo cikin Muwatta:

قَالَ يَحْيَى وَسَمِعْت مَالِكًا يَقُولُ فِي صِيَامِ سِتَّةِ أَيَّامٍ بَعْدَ الْفِطْرِ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ: إنِّي لَمْ أَرَ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ وَالْفِقْهِ يَصُومُهَا، وَلَمْ يَبْلُغْنِي ذَلِكَ عَنْ أَحَدٍ مِنْ السَّلَفِ وَأَنَّ أَهْلَ الْعِلْمِ يَكْرَهُونَ ذَلِكَ وَيَخَافُونَ بِدْعَتَهُ وَأَنْ يُلْحِقَ بِرَمَضَانَ مَا لَيْسَ مِنْهُ أَهْلُ الْجَهَالَةِ وَالْجَفَاءِ لَوْ رَأَوْا فِي ذَلِكَ خِفَّتَهُ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ وَرَأَوْهُمْ يَعْمَلُونَ ذَلِكَ

Idan muna son mu fahimci abin da Malaman maalikiyyah da s**a gabata s**a ce game da waccan maganar ta Imaam Maalik, a matakin farko, k**ata ya yi mu dubi maganar dalibansa ko fahimtarsu game da mas’alar. Idan ba mu samu wani bayani katamamme ba, sai mu koma wa sharhohin da aka rubuta ga littafin Muwadda din kasancewar idan bayanan da aka yi ba daidai ba ne, qwararrun Malaman mazhabar ba za su yi shiru ba.

Daga cikin abin da aka naqalo daga Mudarrif (daya daga cikin daliban Imaam Maalik), k**ar yadda ya zo a cikin littafin Al-Muntaqa sharhin Muwadda, da Tahzeebus Sunan, da kuma ‘Aunul Ma’abuud shi ne: Imaam Maalik ya karhanta azumin sittu Shawwaal ne don gudun kar jahilai su riskar da shi ga Ramadan (wato su dauka cewa yana cikin azumin watan Ramadan). Amma wanda ya kwadaitu ga azumtar kwanakin saboda Hadisan da s**a tabbata a kan haka, (Imaam Maalik) ba ya hanawa.

A qarqashin wannan magana da Imaam Maalik ya yi a cikin Muwadda, Ibn Abdil-Baarr a cikin Al-Istizkaar, da Al-Baajiy a cikin Al-Muntaqa sun bayyana cewa Imam Maalik ya karhanta azumtar sittu Shawwaal ne saboda tsoron kar gama garin mutane sun riskar da wadannan kwanaki ga Ramadan; kuma su kaasa banbance tsakanin azumin Ramadan da azumin Shawwaal, har su (gama garin mutane) su qudurce cewa dukkansu wajibi ne.

Wannan na nuna cewa ashe dama can Imaam Maalik ya gina fatawarsa ce a babin tsoshe kafar da za ta kai mutane zuwa ga qudurce wajabcin abin da ba wajibi ba, a bisa mashahuriyar qa’idarsa ta سد الذريعة (sadduz zaree’ah -toshe kafar da za ta kai zuwa ga barna). Tambayar ita ce: akwai wanda ke xaukar cewa azumin sittu Shawwaal wajibi ne, ko kuma ya qudurce cewa sittu Shawwaal din yana cikin azumin watan Ramadan? Ba na jin a yanzu a doron qasa akwai wanda ya qudurce haka. Toh, yanzu zai yiwu a saki fahimtar su Ibn Abdil-Baarr da Al-Baajiy dangane da ma’anar maganar Imaam Maalik a cikin Muwadda a k**a maganar Dr. Ahmad Gumi a yanzu? Ni, ina ganin idan aka yi haka, an saki reshe an k**a ganye!

Irin wannan fahimtar ce Malaman da s**a yi wa littafin Mukhtasar Khalil sharhi ko haashiyah s**a bayyana. Misali, Ad-Dardeer a cikin Ash-Sharhul Kabeer; Ad-Dusuuqiy a cikin Haashiyatud Dusuuqiy alash Sharhil Kabeer duk sun bayyana cewa karhancin yana da alaqa ne da wanda ke ganin sunnancin sadar da azumin sittu Shawwaal ga watan Ramadan, ko wanda ya qudurce cewa ba za a samu ladan azumin ba idan ba a yi shi a cikin watan Shawwaal ba. Shi kuwa Al-Haddaab a cikin sharhinsa ga Mukhtasar din ya qara da cewa Imaam Maalik ya karhanta ne saboda kar jahilai da masu tsanantawa su riskar wa Ramadan abin da ba cikinsa yake ba. Amma mutum a karan-kansa ba a karhanta masa yin azumin ba. Bayan wannan, Al-Mawaaq, a cikin At-Taaj wal Ikleel li Mukhtasar Khaleel, ya tabbatar da cewa karhancin da aka ruwaito daga Imaam Maalik bai shafi wanda duk ya azumci sittu Shawwaal saboda falalar da aka bayyana a Hadisi ba. Haka kuma, ya yi ishara zuwa ga maganar Al-Maazariy cewa wataqila Hadisin da aka ruwaito game da falalar sittu Shawwaal bai kai ga Imaam Maalik ba ne (k**ar dai yadda Ibn Abdil-Baarr shi ma ya ce a littafin Al-Istizkaar, shi kuma Ibn Rushd a cikin Bidaayatul Mujtahid ya ce ko dai Hadisin sittu Shawwaal bai kai ga Imaam Maalik ba ko kuma bai inganta a wajensa ba). Haka kuma Al-Mawaaq ya qara da cewa shi Malam Al-Lakhmiy ya karkata ne zuwa ga mustahabbancin azumin sittu Shawwaal. Bugu da qari, a cikin sharhinsa ga Mukhtasar Khaleel, Malam Al-Kharashiy ya bayyana cewa karhancin sittu Shawwaal ya shafi wanda yake abin koyi ne shi a cikin mutane idan ya sadar da shi ga washegarin ranar Eidi a jere, tare da qudurce cewa sunna ce sadar da azumin. Amma wanda bai qudurce hakan ba, ba a karhanta masa ba. Shi kuwa Al-Adawiy, cewa ya yi, karhancin kawai ya shafi wanda ake koyi da shi ne idan ya jeranta azumin daga washegarin rananr Eidi. Daga baya-bayan nan, Malam Ulaysh, a cikin Minahul Jaleel, abin da ya tabbatar kenan.

Tirqashi! Wannan ita ce fahimtar wadanda s**a yi wa Mukhtasar Khaleel sharhi ko s**a rubuta Haashiyah akan sharhohi. Toh, don Allah, fahimtarsu za a bi ko kuma ra’ayin Dr. Ahmad Gumi? Kuma wai ma shi Dr. Ahmad Gumi, ina ya samo tasa fahimtar? Wane ne magabacinsa a kan wannan ra’ayi?

Bayan wannan, Al-Qaadiy Iyaad a cikin littafin Ikmaalul Mu’alim, da Al-Qurdubiy a cikin littafin Al-Mufhim da s**a rubuta a kan littafin Saheeh Muslim duk sun bayyana cewa Imaam Maalik da wasu Malamai sun karhanta azumin sittu Shawwaal ne saboda gudun kar a sadar da kwanaki shidan da washegarin ranar Eidi don gudun kar jahilai da masu tsanantawa (a cikin addini) su yi zaton wadannan (kwanaki shida) cikon azumin Ramadan ne. Al-Qaadiy Iyaad ya qara da cewa Imaam Maalik ya karhanta azumin ne saboda wannan, kuma don kar a qudurce cewa shi ma azumi ne na farilla. Amma wanda zai yi azumin bisa abin da Annabi (saw) yake nufi, ya halasta. Bayan su, Malam Al-Qaraafiy a cikin littafin Az-Zakheerah da Ibn Shaash a cikin littafin ‘Aqdul Jawaahir duk su ma sun yi irin wannan bayanin.

Kenan, duk da cewa dukkansu manyan ‘yan maalikiyya ne, ba su fahimci karhanci yadda Dr. Gumi yake ta yayatawa ba. Tambayar ita ce: Dr. Ahmad Gumi ya samo nasa bayanin?

A taqaice dai, ba wata hujja da Dr. Ahmad Gumi ya dogara da ita wajen yayata cewa wai azumin sittu Shawwaal makaruhi ne face maganar da ke cikin Muwadda Maalik. Kuma na kawo wasu daga cikin maganganun manyan-manyan Malaman maalikiyya game da ma’anar maganar Imaam Maalik din da kuma fahimtarsu game da dalilin da yasa ya karhanta, tun daga masu sharhin littafin Muwadda, da wadanda s**a yi wa Mukhtasar Khaleel sharhi, zuwa wadanda s**a yi rubuce-rubuce daban daban game da mas’alar a da can da kuma yanzu. Shi dai dama Dr. Ahmad Gumi ya saba yin watsi da maganar magabata idan ba ta yi masa ba. Domin kuwa, idan dai da gaske maalikiyyar ake son a dora mutane a kai, me yasa za a yi watsi da fahimtar Mudarrif, da Ibn Abdil-Baarr, da Al-Qaadiy Iyaad, da Al-Qurdubiy, da Ibn Rushd, da Al-Qaraafiy, da Ibn Shaash, da Al-Baajiy, da Ad-Dardeer, da Al-Haddaab, da Ad-Dusuuqiy, da Al-Kharashiy, da Al-Adawiy, da Ulaysh, da sauransu a kan wata mas’ala da ta shafi Imaam Maalik? A wace duniyar shi Dr. Ahmad Gumi ya samo nasa bayanin? Wane Malami ne ya dora shi a kan wannan fahimta? Wane ne magabacinsa a kan wannan ra’ayi?

Kai mu qaddara ma dukkan Malaman maalikiyya ba su ce komai ba game da karhantawar da Imaam Maalik ya yi ga azumin sittu Shawwaal, ni, ina ganin maganar da Imaam An-Nawawiy ya yi a cikin littafin Al-Majmu’ ta wadatar. An-Nawawiy cewa ya yi: “Amma maganar Maalik, ‘banga wani yana azumtarsu ba, ba hujja ce na karhancin azumin ba domin kuwa Sunnah ta tabbata a kan haka, ba tare da jayayya ba; don haka, kasancewar bai ga ana yi ba, ba zai cutar (da matsayin azumin) ba’.

Doriya a kan bayanan da na gabatar a sama, akwai wasu bayanan da na ga wasu Malaman maalikiyya sun yi game da dalilin da yasa Imaam Maalik ya karhanta azumin sittu Shawwaal. Sun ce Imaam Maalik bai hana yin azumin sittu Shawwaal ba. Hasali ma, Mudarrif ya ruwaito cewa Imaam Maalik ya kan yi azumin, amma ba a cikin watan Shawwaal ba. A fahimtarsu, Hadisin da ke magana a kan sittu Shawwaal ba yana nufin dole a yi azumin a cikin watan Shawwaal ba ne bisa qa’idar مفهوم المخالفة; za a iya yinsa a kowane lokaci kafin watan Ramadan ya zagayo. Sun dogara da ayoyin Alqur’ani k**ar haka:

إِذا جاءَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ وَالْفَتْحُ . وَرَأَيْتَ النَّاسَ يَدْخُلُونَ فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ أَفْواجاً . فَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ وَاسْتَغْفِرْهُ إِنَّهُ كانَ تَوَّاباً .
S**a ce: ai ba wanda zai ce an taqaita yin tasbihi da tahmidi da istigfari ne ga samuwar nasara, ta yadda idan ba a samu nasara ba, shi kenan, ba za a yi su ba. S**a qara da cewa, abin da ake nufi shi ne samuwar nasara na qara muhimmantar da yin tasbihi da istigfari ne, amma rashin nasara bai kore yinsu ba. Haka ma, sittu Shawwaal: ambaton Shawwaal bai kore yin azumin a cikin wadansu watanni ba.

Sai kuma ayar da ke cewa:
وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا فِي الْيَتَامَى فَانْكِحُوا مَا طَابَ لَكُمْ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ مَثْنَى وَثُلَاثَ وَرُبَاعَ
S**a ce: ayar ba ta nuna cewa sai idan an ji tsoron ba za a iya yin adalci ba ne a tsakanin mata marayu, shi ne zai sa a auri wasu matan daban ba.

Sai kuma ayar:
وَإِذا ضَرَبْتُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُناحٌ أَنْ تَقْصُرُوا مِنَ الصَّلاةِ إِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَنْ يَفْتِنَكُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا
S**a ce: ayar ba ta nufin cewa ba za a yi qasaru ba idan ba a cikin halin tsoro ake ba.

Haka kuma sun dogara da Hadisin
إذا جاء رمضان فتحت أبواب الجنة
S**a ce: ai Hadisin ba ya nuna cewa ana bude qofofin Aljanna ne kawai a cikin watan Ramadan.

A wajen wadannan Malamai, lafazin مِنْ شَوَّالٍ da ya zo a cikin Hadisin, ba yana nuna “a cikin (watan) Shawwaal” ba ne; abin da yake fa’idantarwa shi ne “daga (watan) Shawwaal”. Ma’ana, “مِن” na nuna ‘ابتداء الغاية’ ne ba wai ‘التبعيض’ ba.

Daga qarshe s**a ce, idan aka duba bayanan da s**a gabata, kuma aka hada da qa’idar سد الذرائع, da qiyasin hani da aka yi ga tariyar Ramadan da azumi, kasancewar sadar da sittu Shawwaal daga washegarin Eidi zai zamanto k**ar an yi rakiyar Ramadan ne, mazhabar maalikiyya sun karhanta. Sai dai kuma duk da wadannan bayanai nasu, sun tabbatar da cewa idan ba a qudurce wajabci ba, kuma ba qudurce cewa za a samu lada ne kawai idan aka yi azumin a cikin Shawwaal, toh, suna bayar da fatawar halasci ko kuma ma mustahabbanci. Duk da cewa su dinma ba za a sallama masu ba, fahitarsu ta fi kusa da daidai a kan ra’ayin Dr. Ahmad Gumi.

Wallahu A’alam.

Ahmad Bello Dogarawa
03/10/1440 – 06/06/2019

Sheikh Sheikh Ahmad Adam Al-Garkawy

Abun da ya roki Al'umma

Malam Ahmad Al garkawy bayan kammala karatu ayau bayan dawowarshi, yayi godiya ga Allah kuma yanuna godiyarshi ga al'ummar Muslim na addu'o'inku, ya kuma nuna wannan abun daya faru dasu a matsayin jarabawace daga Allah (S.W.A) kuma yayi fatan Allah yasa anci jarrabawar.
Sannan yayi kira ga al'umma da karsuyi addu'ar batanci gamasu irin wannan dabi'ar ta satan mutane ( Kidnapping), ayimusu fatan Allah ya shiryesu.
Sannan yayi kira ga mutane akan kowa yayi ma Allah godiya a duk inda yake bawai sai antaso anzo an same shi a inda yake ba.
Daga karshe yayi kira ga masu yada jita jita akan wannan abun daya faru akan suji tsoron Allah.

AT-TATBIQ JARIDAR MUSULUNCI

Malam Ahmad Adam Al garkawy bayan kammala karatu a yau23/11/1439 bayan dawowar shi, yayi godiya ga Allah kuma ya nuna godiyar shi ga al'ummar Muslim na addu oi, ya kuma nuna wannan abun daya faru dasu a matsayin jarabawa ce daga Allah (S.W.A) kuma yayi fatan Allah yasa anci jarrabawar.

Sannan yayi kira ga al'umma da kada suyi addu'ar batanci ga masu irin wannan dabi'ar ta satan mutane (Kidnapping), ayi musu fatan Allah ya shirye su.

Sannan yayi kira ga mutane akan kowa yayi ma Allah godiya aduk inda yake bawai sai an taso anzo an same shi a inda yake ba.

Daga karshe yayi kira ga masu yada jita jita akan wannan abun daya faru akan suji tsoron Allah.

Alhamdulillah Allah ya dawo da Sheikh Ahmad Adam Algarkawy lafiya, yanzu ma zai gabatar da Sallah da Karatu k**ar yadda aka saba.

Gayyata!. Gayyata!! Gayyata!!!

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