26/07/2021
Departmental Seminar (Physical/Virtual) - Department of Pharmacognosy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife
TOPIC - The Search for Larvicidal Compounds from Medicinal Plants: Our Contribution.
Presenter: Dr. Famuyiwa, Funmilayo Gladys. (Obafemi Awolowo University, Department of Pharmacognosy).
Tuesday, 27th July 2021
9:00am West Africa Standard Time - Lagos
*Physical Venue:* Board Room, Faculty of Pharmacy (Phase I), Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ile.
*Virtual Venue: Join with Google Meet link -* https://meet.google.com/sra-uewq-hnr
*ABSTRACT:*
Controlling mosquito populations at all stages of its development, especially the larval stage, had been endorsed by the World Health Organisation as an important means of preventing and eradicating the various diseases they transmit. However the development of resistance by this vector to available larvicides makes the search for and the discovery of more effective ones that could break the mosquitoes life cycle imperative. Extracts and constituents of medicinal plants have proven to be effective, biodegradable and with low mammalian toxicity. Also the multi-component nature of the extracts prevents induction of resistance to them. Hence, the continued search for safer plant larvicides among ethnomedicinal plants.
Forty-eight Nigerian plants with ethnomedicinal claims of febrifuge, anti-malarial, insecticidal and insect repellent activities were collected, authenticated, dried, powdered and extracted with methanol. The resulting extract of each plant was tested for larvicidal activities against the fourth instar larvae of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus according to WHO guidelines of 2006. The active extracts were identified, suspended in water and successively partitioned into n-hexane, dichloromethane and ethylacetate. Each of the partitioned fractions was similarly tested to identify the most active for each plant. The most active partitioned fractions of Xylopia aethiopica and Blighia sapida were subjected to series of chromatographic separations and the active compounds were isolated. The spectroscopic analyses (nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared and mass spectroscopy) of the isolated compounds were carried out and the structures were elucidated.
Kaur-16-en-19-oic acid and xylopic acid from X. aethiopica fruit; friedelin and α-amyrin from B. sapida were identified as their larvicidal compounds. These compounds are more active than Endosulphan the positive control used. Our efforts on the other identified active extracts will be discussed at the seminar.
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