26/09/2026
HOW TO WRITE A STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM(SERIES 7)
After identifying your research problem and choosing your topic, the next important step is to explain why the problem needs to be investigated.
That is where the Statement of the Problem comes in.
The Statement of the Problem is not simply a place to complain about what is wrong. It should clearly explain the problem, the evidence or situation surrounding it, the gap or concern, and why the study is necessary.
WHAT SHOULD APPEAR IN THE STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM?
1. INTRODUCE THE EXPECTED SITUATION
Begin by explaining what should normally be happening.
For example, learners are expected to acquire certain knowledge and skills through effective teaching and learning.
2. DESCRIBE THE ACTUAL SITUATION
Explain what is happening in reality.
For example, some learners may be experiencing persistent difficulties or performing below the expected level.
3. PRESENT EVIDENCE OF THE PROBLEM
Where available, support the problem with relevant statistics, previous studies, reports, observations, or other credible evidence.
Avoid making unsupported claims.
4. EXPLAIN THE CONCERN
What makes the situation important?
Who is affected by the problem? What could happen if it is not properly understood or addressed?
5. IDENTIFY THE GAP
Explain what is not yet sufficiently known or understood.
Previous studies may have examined the issue in other locations, populations, or contexts, while the situation in your chosen context remains unclear.
6. JUSTIFY THE NEED FOR THE STUDY
Finally, explain why your study is necessary and what it intends to investigate.
A SIMPLE STRUCTURE TO REMEMBER
EXPECTED SITUATION → ACTUAL SITUATION → EVIDENCE → CONCERN → GAP → NEED FOR THE STUDY
One important thing to remember:
A Statement of the Problem should lead the reader to understand why your research needs to be conducted.
Don't simply write:
“There is a problem with students' academic performance.”
Ask yourself:
What is the problem?
What evidence shows that it exists?
What do we not yet know about it?
And why is this study necessary?
When you can answer these questions clearly, you are on the right path to writing a strong Statement of the Problem. 📚🔍
Sr.Chiamaka