21/06/2025
BIOLOGY
Cell Continue.
He observed cork cells and called the tiny compartments “cells”.
2. Cell Theory
The Cell Theory, proposed by scientists like Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow, states that:
All living things are made up of cells.
The cell is the basic unit of life.
All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
3. Types of Cells
Prokaryotic Cells: Simple cells without a nucleus (e.g., bacteria).
Eukaryotic Cells: Complex cells with a well-defined nucleus (e.g., plant and animal cells).
4. Structure of the Cell
Major parts of a typical cell include:
Cell membrane: Controls movement of substances in and out.
Cytoplasm: Jelly-like substance where organelles are found.
Nucleus: Controls cell activities and contains DNA.
Organelles: Structures like mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, etc.
5. Differences Between Plant and Animal Cells
Feature Plant Cell Animal Cell
Cell wall Present Absent
Chloroplast Present Absent
Vacuole Large and central Small or absent
Shape Regular/rectangular Irregular/round
6. Cell Specialization and Organization
Specialization: Cells adapt to perform specific functions (e.g., red blood cells carry oxygen).
Organization: Cells → Tissues → Organs → Systems → Organism
7. Use of Microscope
The microscope is an instrument used to view tiny objects like cells.
Parts include eyepiece, objective lens, stage, mirror/light, and focusing k***s.