09/04/2024
๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ | Indonesia ๐ฎ๐ฉ desperately claimed this dish but the worldโs oldest record of Rendang is from Malay Peninsula (Malaysia) ๐ฒ๐พ
With ๐ป๐๐๐ ๐
๐๐ฆ๐ ๐ด๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ก๐๐ (Eid) is just around the corner, we would like to dedicate an article about a pop**ar Malay dish, Rendang. Traditional Malay culinary delights including Rendang, are staple for every Malay household and usually served in special feast during the celebration of Eid.
In Malay language, the word 'rendang' may carries several meanings; 1. to fry in general 2. to cook something with coconut oil until it dries out 3. to fry without oil 4. a specific dish made of different types of meat and cooked with spices and coconut milk until it dries out 5. 'rendang' with the 'e' pronounced as close-mid front unrounded vowel (/e/); 'exuberant' (for plants); example: 'plants with exuberant foliage'.โฝยนโพ
The history of rendang traces back to the era of ๐๐๐ฅ๐๐ค๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ญ๐๐ง๐๐ญ๐ in the 15th century,โฝยฒโพ when its capital was a regional centre of maritime spice trade, attracting traders from east and west. It was from this melting port of cultures, that the sophisticated Malay culinary tradition, including in meat processing techniques, were developed. Modern Rendang shows a fusion of Malay, Indian, and Portuguese culinary traditions, where it incorporates the use of coconut milk, dry spices, and chillies.โฝยณโพโฝโดโพ
The method of cooking called 'rendang' (to fry) have been mentioned in several Classical Malay literary texts associated with Melaka Sultanate, particularly ๐๐ข๐๐๐๐๐ก๐ข๐ ๐๐๐๐๐ก๐๐ (14th century). The first mention of the word 'rendang' as a specific dish can be found in the ๐ป๐๐๐๐ฆ๐๐ก ๐ด๐๐๐ ๐ป๐๐๐ง๐โ (1500s) which recorded a certain ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ (goat meat rendang).โฝยฒโพ In ๐ป๐๐๐๐ฆ๐๐ก ๐ป๐๐๐ ๐๐ข๐โ (1700s), the term 'rendang' was used as a catch-all phrase for meat dishes that are fried or stewed apart from curries (๐๐ข๐๐๐).โฝโตโพ A specific ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐ (rendang made of a type of saltwater clams) is mentioned in Perak chronicle, ๐๐๐ ๐ ๐๐๐๐๐ฆ๐ข (1780s).โฝโถโพ
In foreign records, the term 'rindang' appeared in the Dutch-Malay dictionary (1623) referring to a method of frying in clarified butter or oil,โฝโทโพ while in 1701, the term 'randang' was registered in the first ever English-Malay dictionary, meaning to 'to fry'.โฝโธโพ In A Dictionary of the Malay Language (1894), it is stated that a dry curry is termed 'rendang', while a wet curry is called ๐๐ข๐๐๐ by the Malays.โฝโนโพ Rendang is also defined as 'to fry with oil and spices'.โฝยนโฐโพ
Rendang is also recorded in the ๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐โ ๐๐๐๐๐ฆ๐ข ๐๐๐ ๐ต๐ข๐๐๐ (1865), where the Yang Di-Pertuan Muda of Johor served religious leaders ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐ (spicy rendang) and ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐ ๐๐๐ก๐๐ ๐๐ฆ๐๐ (chicken rendang) following a religious ceremony in 1738.โฝยนยนโพ In A Royal Malay Banquet Menu extracted from Perak and the Malays: "Sarong" and "Kris" (1878), the Maharajah of Johor hosted a banquet where a plethora of Malay dishes were presented including ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ (minced meat rendang) and ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐ก๐๐๐๐๐๐ (a type of fish rendang).โฝยนยฒโพ
Today, there are hundreds of rendang variants which vary depending on the region and ingredients, with new variations continue to be created. In 2009, Rendang was designated as one of Malaysia's national heritages by the Jabatan Warisan Negara (JWN).
Credit: Sandii K**a
https://www.facebook.com/groups/796705698873524/permalink/830956125448481/
๐๐๐๐๐ซ๐๐ง๐๐๐ฌ
โฝยนโพ Kamus Dewan - rendang
โฝยฒโพ A Samad Ahmad, p. 10
โฝยณโพ Boileau JP (2011), p. 228
โฝโดโพ Jackson, Annabel (2020), p. 70
โฝโตโพ Kassim Ahmad (1975), p. 507
โฝโถโพ Raja Chulan bin Hamid (1962), p. 177
โฝโทโพ Wiltens, Caspar., Danckaerts, Sebastiaan., Heurnius, Justus., Ruyl, A. C.., Hasel, Jan van. (1650), p. 6
โฝโธโพ Bowrey, Thomas (1701), Section 9
โฝโนโพ Clifford, Hugh Charles., Swettenham, Frank Athelstane (1894), p. 504
โฝยนโฐโพ Clifford, Hugh Charles., Swettenham, Frank Athelstane (1894), p. 499
โฝยนยนโพ Raja Ali Haji (1984), p. 258
โฝยนยฒโพ McNair, John Frederick Adolphus (1878), p.211
๐๐ข๐๐ฅ๐ข๐จ๐ ๐ซ๐๐ฉ๐ก๐ฒ
Ahmad AS (1987), Hikayat Amir Hamzah [Amir Hamzahโs chronicle]. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia
Boileau JP. (2011), Portuguese in Asia. In: Albala K, editor. Food cultures of the world encyclopedia (3rd volume of four volume). Oxford: The Greenwood Press
Bowrey, Thomas (1701). A Dictionary, English and Malayo, Malayo and English. United Kingdom: Sam. Bridge, 1701. https://books.google.com.my/.../A_Dictionary_English_and...
Clifford, Hugh Charles., Swettenham, Frank Athelstane (1894), A Dictionary of the Malay Language. Malaysia: authors at the Government's printing Office
Jackson, Annabel (2020) The Making of Macau's Fusion Cuisine: From Family Table to World Stage. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press
Kassim Ahmad (ed.) (1975), Hikayat Hang Tuah, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Kamus Dewan (4th edition) - Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu. https://prpm.dbp.gov.my/Cari1?keyword=rendang&d=41812& #1
McNair, John Frederick Adolphus (1878) Perak and the Malays: "sฤrong" and "krฤซs.". United Kingdom: Tinsley Brothers.
Raja Ali Haji (1984) Salasilah Melayu dan Bugis, ed. Mohd. Yusof Md. Nor, Kuala Lumpur: Fajar Bakti
Raja Chulan bin Hamid (1962), Misa Melayu, ed. R.O. Winstedt, Kuala Lumpur: Pustaka Antara.
Wiltens, Caspar., Danckaerts, Sebastiaan., Heurnius, Justus., Ruyl, A. C.., Hasel, Jan van. (1650) Vocabularium, ofte Woorden-Boeck: nae ordre van den Alphabeth in't Duytsch en Maleys. Netherlands: ghedruckt door ordre van de E.E. heeren bewinthehebberen der Geoctroyeerde Oost-Indische Compagnie
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