從2014年開始在馬來西亞婆羅洲砂拉越北部内陸地區與地主合作並致力推動【巴南河上遊地區永續生態社區Upper Baram Sustainable Ecological Community】.
為一般社會大衆及當地提供有關熱帶雨林自然教育,自然與人文的生活營、與自然體驗活動、科普學習生態教室、自然教育培訓進修課程、辦理小型研討會論壇、雨林保育工作...
馬來西亞公司註冊證號Co. Sow Nature Education 雨林學校簡介 (中文版在下方）
Since 2014, Sow Nature Education has been working with villagers in the Long Lellang region in upper Baram in northern Sarawak and now establishes joint venture with a few Kelabit/Kenyah families in managing and utilizing their homestay, farmland, forest campsite and surrounding tropical rainforest for nature education programmes. These programmes offer immersive rainforest experience, leading participants through an in-depth exploration of the tropical rainforest and encouraging reflection on the relationship between humans and tropical rainforests. Penans from surrounding villages are engaged as assistant teachers, guides, porters, boatmen and cooks, generating additional income for the locals. Through interaction and exchange with programme participants, locals also gain a deeper understanding of the value of conserving the tropical rainforest and the importance of traditional ecological knowledge. Sow Nature Education collaborates with local community members and aims to create alternative sources of local income through sustainable stewardship of the tropical rainforest. Objectives of Sow Nature Education:
1. To provide urban dwellers with opportunities to experience tropical rainforests firsthand.
2. To nurture professionals in nature education and ecological conservation.
3. To seek collaboration among the public, communities, and government bodies in the sustainable management of tropical rainforest habitats.
自2014年開始，雨林學校在砂拉越北部峇南河上游的隆拉浪地區，和當地原住民村民合作，利用熱帶雨林場域，建造簡單設施，並且培訓講師和解說員，定期開辦雨林生態自然教育課程，引導學員沉浸式探索雨林生態，也反思人和熱帶雨林的關係。
原住民村民受僱為助理老師、研究助理、嚮導、挑夫、船夫、廚師等，從中賺取收入。村民也參與共同管理熱帶雨林場域的工作，而且，通過與活動參與者的互動交流，重新彰顯原住民傳統生態智慧，重視森林保育的價值，同時學習如何永續管理森林場域。
雨林學校希望通過這些合作方式，提供一個善用原始森林的經濟發展選項，目標在於逐步落實、實際執行一個兼顧生態和經濟、永續管理雨林的可行性範例。
【雨林學校的目標】
1. 提供都市人親近熱帶雨林的機會。
2. 培育自然教育及生態保育人員。
3. 謀求結合民衆、社區和官方力量，共同永續管理熱帶雨林棲地。
雨林學校Sow Nature Education (Reg. No.：103108)
1st Floor, Lot 3707, Lorong Keranji 4F, Tabuan Desa,
93350 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
[email protected]
+6012-8388428，+60-82-366301
FB：雨林學校Sow Nature Education
【2014-2020】The period as Project Executing Agency of (NGO) The Society of Wilderness Sarawak 砂拉越荒野保護協會專案執行階段
**Local Communities and The Society of Wilderness Sarawak 當地社區和砂拉越荒野保護協會**
The Society of Wilderness Sarawak (SOW Sarawak) believes in long-term economic benefits to the government and local communities via sustainable management of forest resources. Through John Mathai, head scientist of Hose’s Civet & Small Carnivore Project, Borneo (HOSCAP Borneo), whose study sites included Long Lellang, SOW Sarawak became acquainted with local communities there. Since October 2014, SOW Sarawak started to hold regular environmental education programmes with Penan villager helpers at temporary jungle camps in primary rainforests and around Penan villages. Meanwhile, Penan villagers and we learned more about each other and established stronger relationships. In May 2015, we started to discuss with a Penan village, Long Main, to set up informal community reserves within primary rainforests near the village. The first community reserve was launched in July that year, followed by the second community reserve in mid-2016. With financial assistance from SOW Sarawak via Sow Nature Education, villagers constructed basic forest camping facilities using forest resources, including sleeping platforms, shower and toilet huts, cooking shed and dining areas, while Sow Education supplied tents, sleeping mats, kitchen utensils and other items. Trekking trails to and around the camping zones are also marked clearly. These community reserves serve as headquarters to this community-based conservation project. They are wildlife sanctuaries where hunting is forbidden and sites for environmental education while generating income for locals who are engaged as guides, assistant instructors and porters among others. We also hope through our partnership and constant interactions with urban participants, Penans will appreciate and learn to use their forest knowledge for purposes other than hunting-gathering. Eventually, they could be capable partners in sustainably manage these reserves.
砂拉越荒野保護協會（簡稱砂荒野）相信透過永續經營管理森林資源，能為當地社區和政府帶來長期經濟效益。
2014年8月，砂荒野經由本土科學家約翰.瑪泰引介，認識當地社區的村民，進而展開社區保育和教育活動。約翰.瑪泰當時是在負責和主導一項研究豪氏麝香貓和小型食肉動物的專案 (Hose’s Civet & Small Carnivore Project, Borneo), 考察地點包括隆拉浪附近的森林。
10月始，砂荒野就開始在當地社區和附近的原始雨林，使用臨時森林營地，定期主辦環境教育活動，同時也加強和當地社區的彼此了解和合作。2015年5月開始和當地社區洽商，計劃在村落附近，在原始森林區圈定一些重要生態敏感地區，作為社區生態保護區，7月份正式和本南村隆馬因合作，成立第一個保護區，隨之，第二個保護區也於2016年中成立了。
保護區就是社區森林保育的軸心，在保護區內禁獵、禁伐，讓野生動物有個庇護所。保護區也被充分利用作為環境教育等的活動地點和教室，由砂荒野主辦課程活動，讓本南村民參與共同管理的工作，並且村民受僱為助理老師、研究助理、嚮導、挑夫、廚師等，不但從中賺取收入，也與課程參與者互動，從而重視族群對森林的豐富認識，及森林保育的價值，更學習如何管理森林保護區。
保護區內設有森林露營設備，定期舉辦環境教育的課程。砂荒野通過荒野雨林學校（簡稱雨林學校）資助村民建造營地的休憩和活動平台、洗澡間、廁所、用餐區和廚房，雨林學校也自行準備帳篷、睡墊、廚房用具等。來回營地都有基本的步道設施，營地四週也有標示清楚的步道，作為營地活動使用。
** Community Reserves and Environmental Education Programmes 社區生態保護區和環境教育活動**
In mid 2015, Sow Nature Education was set up to specifically manage this project and has been using these facilities to run monthly educational programmes on rainforest ecosystems, wildlife observation, conservation, and other issues for urban participants from Malaysia, Taiwan, China and other places. Each programme takes in a maximum of 10 visitors, guided by Penan villages and interactions and discussions facilitated by SOW facilitators. Villagers from Long Main and other neighbouring villages receive income for providing food and helping as guides, porters and cooks. Participants also contribute to a common village fund for using the reserves. Normally, the programme takes 8 days, 7 days or 5 days, and the dates are determined by the thrice-weekly flight schedule into the Long Lellang area. A full 8-day programme involves going to camp in the jungle for 2 nights, staying in a Kelabit longhouse in the village for 3 nights, and taking a longboat to a coffee farm down river and staying at the farm house for 2 nights. Activities include jungle trekking, river trekking, farm visits, nature observations, interactions with locals in village, farm and jungle settings, group discussions and sharings. Sow Nature Education and local communities also work together in some community projects, such as the repair of hydro power facilities, study loans for children and assistance with farming practices.
於2015年5月，荒野雨林學校（現稱雨林學校）正式立案成立，以管理這個與社區合作的保育計劃。
雨林學校每月平均主辦一項教育課程，讓來自馬來西亞、台灣、中國等地的參與學員實地學習和探討有關雨林生態、自然觀察、人文與保育等課題。
每項課程最多招收10名學員，由雨林學校講師、解說員和本南嚮導引導，參與體驗、分享討論和活動。 隆馬因和其他本南村的村民則通過種植供應蔬果和擔任嚮導、助理老師、挑夫和廚師等，賺取工資，參與學員們也都支付森林營地使用費，作為本南村的社區經費。
課程活動一般八天，也可縮減至7天或5天，日期取決於飛往隆拉浪一週三班的客機時間。八天課程一般包括三天兩夜森林露營、乘坐長舟經由河岸雨林抵達咖啡農莊、三天兩夜咖啡農莊及森林活動，和在隆拉浪村的可拉畢族長屋及附近農地活動三個半天。
活動有森林徒步、溯溪、自然觀察、夜觀、農莊體驗、與原住民互動、小組分享討論等。
雨林學校和社區也合作進行一些單項計劃，例如水力發電設施修復、村民子女的助學借款和小型農業輔導。
**未來計劃 Future Plans**
We hope to invite more organisations and/or individuals to utilise these reserves for research, field trips, other educational programmes. Other reserves are also in the pipeline.
我們希望更多團體和個人能來參與，使用這些森林保護區作為學術研究、學生野外考察和其他活動。雨林學校也正在進行設置其他保護區的工作。
**Situation in Upper Baram region, Sarawak 砂拉越巴南河上游概況**
Sarawak, in Malaysian Borneo, is rapidly losing its tropical rainforests in the quest for economic development, leaving less than 10% primary rainforest still standing and most scattered in distribution and small in size. Less than 7% forested areas are protected. As logging and agricultural revenues are still important to the Sarawak government, other forests have been licenced out for logging and commercial scale plantations. In the Upper Baram River region in northern Sarawak, there still stands one of the best preserved primary rainforest areas in Sarawak, with an estimated forest area of 100,000 ha. Research has shown the area to have high conservation values, being home to many endemic and protected animal species. The forest area is also important ecologically, situated between the largest national park in Sarawak, Pulong Tao National Park (69,817 ha), and the largest national park in Kalimantan, Kayan Mentarang National Park (1.36 million ha). Sustainable management of the forests is also important to the government and indigenous communities in the area, since the forest provide them with food sources and materials for construction and craft, as well as ensure clean and steady water supply for daily needs and irrigation. While on the one hand forest conservation is important to both the environment and the peoples, rural communities often contribute to forest degradation through shifting cultivation for subsistence; hunting is also a constant threat to protected species in the area. They also need to generate income to fulfill needs of a modern day life such as utility, children’s education, and medical services. Alternative sources of income and ways of living other than hunting and farming should be initiated in order to seek a balance between conservation and rural economic development. The government can also benefit from community development which may bring in tax revenues among others. In the north-western part of Mount Murud Kecil near the Malaysia-Indonesia border of the Upper Baram area lie Long Lellang, which is a village to Kelabit and Penan tribes, and the surrounding Penan villages. Each village has its own zones of village settlements, farming and forest reserves. Forests are of particular significance to the Penan people, who were traditionally nomadic hunter-gatherers and only began to settle in villages from the 1960s. They have intimate knowledge of flora and fauna in tropical rainforests and continue to rely on the forest for much of their daily needs as well as for their tribal and cultural identity.
婆羅洲島上的馬來西亞砂拉越近數十年來，為求促進地區經濟發展，大片熱帶雨林遭砍伐。目前，境內未經砍伐的原始雨林少於10%，其中7%的森林已經被保護，但是大部分原始森林都零星分佈，導致物種棲地嚴重支離破碎。而且由於林業和種植業也是砂拉越政府的重要收入來源，還未被保護的森林也因此都面臨伐木和油棕商業種植的壓力。
在砂拉越北部的巴南河上游地區，仍保留境內少見的大片原始森林，面積估計十萬公頃。科學研究發現，當地物種豐富，是許多受保護物種的重要棲地，包括不少的特有種，例如貓科的食肉動物等。這片熱帶雨林處於砂拉越最大的國家公園 - 布倫島國家公園 (69,817公頃) - 和印尼加里曼丹最大國家公園 - 加央孟達朗國家公園 (1千360萬公頃) - 中間，是生態保育上非常重要的森林棲地。
熱帶雨林的永續經營管理對於砂拉越政府和當地原住民也是十分重要的。村民從森林獲取食物、藥物、建材、製作生活用品的材料等，也確保村民能有充足的乾淨水源。原住民的文化更是與森林密不可分。
森林保育固然對生態和原住民都很重要, 但是村民如今也渴求有經濟收益，以享有現代生活所需的水電供應、醫療、和孩子的教育等。另一方面，村民從事的遷移農耕也造成部份森林被砍伐，打獵的習俗也危及珍稀物種的生存。
因此，森林保育要獲得村民的認同和參與，就需讓村民從中能獲取一定的經濟利益，也能滿足村民的生活需要，進而改變一些不利生態的生活方式。保育和村民經濟及生活需求必須能平衡發展。 政府也可以從社區發展經濟活動中獲得稅收等。
巴南河上游地帶、小摩祿山西北邊有不少原住民村落，其中包括可拉畢族和本南族混居的隆拉浪及週圍的十數個本南村落。每個村落都有各自的村民居住區、農耕區和森林保留區。
森林對本南族尤其重要。直到1960年代，本南族大部份仍是在雨林裡遊獵的民族，這個族群對雨林非常了解，對各類物種有豐富的認識，即使現今本南族多已經立村定居，當地的本南人仍非常依賴森林，以滿足他們日常生活的需求。不但如此，森林更是和他們的族群文化和身份認同息息相關。
