Ground Improvement for sabah

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Short Lecture on "Ground Improvement Solutions: From Concepts to Applications" By Dr. Leong Kam Weng (Director of Keller Foundations (S.E. Asia) Pte Ltd)

Feel free to join us.
On 30 June 2020 (Tuesday) at 10.00 am via google meet.
https://meet.google.com/lookup/ct6wza7ltl?authuser=0&hs=179

What is Compaction of Soil?

Compaction means pressing the soil particle close to each other by mechanical methods. Air during compaction is removed from the void space in the soil mass, and therefore the mass density is increased.

The soil compaction is a method of mechanically increasing the density of soil. It is a simple ground improvement method, where the soil is compact through external compaction effort.

Soil compaction is the process of applying external energy to a loose soil to consolidate it and remove air voids from the soil and thereby improving the physical properties of the soil. If performed improperly, settlement of the soil can occur and may result in unnecessary maintenance costs or even a structural failure.

Source: https://gharpedia.com/blog/soil-compaction-ground-improvement-method/

Application stone columns/ rammed pier aggregate columns in construction work.

1. Increase bearing capacity
2. Improve settlement performance
3. reduce potential liquefaction

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Electro Osmosis and Electro Chemical Hardening Method

The electroosmosis process can be used to increase the shear strength and reduce the compressibility of soft clayey and silty soils beneath foundation. By introducing an electrolyte such as calcium chloride at the anode, the base exchange reaction between the iron anode and surrounding soil is increased, resulting in the formation of ferric hydroxides which bind the soil
particles together.

However because cost of electric power and wastage of electrodes, electro-osmosis with or without electrochemical hardening can be considered only for special situations where the alternative of piling cannot be adopted.

Jet Grouting

In jet grouting the soil is mixed with cement grout injected horizontally under high pressure in a previously drilled bore hole.
Jet grouting uses a special pipe equipped with horizontal jets that inject grout into the soil at high pressure. The pipes are first
inserted to the desired depth, then they are raised and rotated while the injection is in progress, thus forming a column of treated soil. Because of high pressure, this method is
usable on a wide range of soil types.

Dynamic Compaction:

Dynamic Compaction is normally used under the following circumstances:

1. To increase in-situ density and this way improve the
bearing capacity and consolidation characteristics of soils (or waste materials) to allow conventional foundation and surface bed construction to be carried out. The technique typically improves the in-situ soils such that allowable bearing pressures of up to 250 kpa can be used with foundation settlements of the
order of 10 to 20 mm.

2. To increase in-situ density and in this way improve insitu
permeability and/or reduce liquefaction potential

What is Stone Columns?

What are stone columns ? Like most ground improvement techniques, stone columns are used to reduce settlement and increase load-bearing capacity. They also accelerate soil consolidat...

Removal and Replacement of
Soil:

One of the oldest and simplest soil
improvement methods is to simply excavate the unsuitable soil and replace them with compacted fill. This method is often used
when the problem the soil is that it is too loose. In that case, the same soils used to build the fill, except now it has a higher unit
weight (because of compaction) and thus has been better engineering properties. This is a common way to remediate problems with collapsible soils (M. Osman Ali Khan, 2019).

On the basis of mechanism by which they improve
the engineering properties of soil, the most of
common of these can be divided into the following
major categories. These are
1. Densification Techniques.
2. Reinforcement Techniques.
3. Stabilization Techniques.
4. Miscellaneous Methods.
Apart from the methods listed above, there are
some other simple methods like removal and
replacement of soil (MOHAMMED. OSMAN ALI KHAN, 2019)

https://youtu.be/ry1Rc06rUrg

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Method for Soil Improvement?