09/05/2026
MANGKUK PORCELAIN ERA PENGHUJUNG QING DYNASTY.(1636/1644-1912)
MANGKUK INI DIBELI DARI KAWASAN PROVINCE DENT/BEAUFORT.
Ditulis oleh:
Abdul Sadi B. Hj Saman,Muzium/Arkib Beaufort History.
09/05/2026.
Sebelum ini,saya telah menemui serpihan mangkuk jenis yang sama di tapak pejabat/rumah kongsi pekerja keretapi di Kg Andian,Beaufort.
Mangkuk jenis ini boleh ditemui di seluruh dunia kerana biasanya dibawa oleh buruh dari China ke tempat mereka bekerja.Jenis yang ini ialah mangkuk kegunaan harian untuk makan nasi dan sebagainya.
Info dibawah dari AI:
Porcelain is a high-quality, durable ceramic material made from kaolin, quartz, and feldspar fired at temperatures between 1,200°C and 1,400°C. Known for being white, non-porous, and often translucent, it is used for high-end dinnerware, tiles, and sanitary-ware. Its superior strength comes from vitrification, where materials fuse at a molecular level during firing.
Originating in China nearly 1,000 years ago, particularly in Jingdezhen, it was famously termed "white gold" in Europe. Its production methods were kept secret for centuries before being developed in Europe, notably in Meissen.
Porcelain vs. Regular Ceramic:
While all porcelain is ceramic, not all ceramics are porcelain.
Porcelain is a specialized, denser type of ceramic made from specific raw materials (kaolin) and fired at much higher temperatures, making it less porous and stronger than standard earthenware.
Qing dynasty (1636/1644–1912), or the Great Qing, was the last imperial dynasty of China, established by the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan in Manchuria and ruling a vast, multi-ethnic empire. Founded in 1636 and seizing Beijing in 1644, it replaced the Ming dynasty, significantly expanding China's territory to its greatest extent.
The Manchus, led by Nurhaci and his son Hong Taiji, formed the Eight Banners military system. They adopted many Confucian, Chinese administrative practices while maintaining Manchu cultural identity.
Territorial Expansion: At its height (18th century) under emperors such as Kangxi and Qianlong, the empire included Taiwan, Tibet, Mongolia, and Xinjiang.
High Qing & Growth: The early-to-mid-Qing period was marked by population growth (reaching 450 million) and economic prosperity, as well as significant artistic achievements.
Decline & Foreign Pressure:
The 19th century witnessed the "Century of Humiliation," characterized by internal unrest (e.g., Taiping Rebellion) and conflicts with Western powers, including the O***m Wars, which resulted in unfair treaties.
Fall of the Empire: The dynasty ended following the Xinhai Revolution, with the abdication of the last emperor, Puyi, on February 12, 1912, leading to the establishment of the Republic of China.
