17/07/2023
The discovery of stone tools and animal remains in central Oregon suggests that humans were living in North America around 18,250 years ago, according to recent research. The findings, which are not yet published in a peer-reviewed study, indicate that this site is potentially thousands of years older than any other known archaeological site in Oregon. The excavation took place at Rimrock Draw, which includes a rock shelter that has been under investigation since 2011 in collaboration with the Bureau of Land Management.
Initially, archaeologists uncovered stone tools from the Paleo-Indian period, dating from 15,000 B.C. to 7,000 B.C. However, the geological layers of the site indicated the presence of even older sediment layers. During the excavation, archaeologists were surprised to find a stone tool with dried bison blood beneath a layer of volcanic sediment from the eruption of Mount St. Helens around 15,400 years ago. This discovery suggests that humans were hunting and butchering ice age animals in the Pacific Northwest much earlier than previously thought.
To obtain solid dates for the site, researchers conducted direct tests on some of the remains, including tooth enamel from a now-extinct camel known as Camelops. The first dating attempt in 2018 yielded an extremely old date, prompting the need for additional evidence. The subsequent carbon dating of the camel and bison teeth samples confirmed that humans likely used Rimrock Draw approximately 18,250 years ago. The researchers plan to publish their findings in a peer-reviewed article in the near future.
The discovery at Rimrock Draw adds to the ongoing research on human migration to the Americas. While it was once believed that humans arrived in the continent around 13,000 years ago by crossing the Bering Land Bridge during the last ice age, genetic and archaeological evidence has been pushing the timeline further back. However, these earlier dates continue to be a subject of debate among archaeologists. The findings at Rimrock Draw contribute to our understanding of early human presence in North America and may pave the way for the discovery of even older sites in the future.
One of the earliest North American human occupation sites, dating to more than 18,000 years ago, was discovered in Oregon.