SELT, Specialized English Language Training

https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=10217714220606402&id=1806960354&mibextid=Nif5oz

604- The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation_2021, 12th, 272p.pdf

https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=10217718300788404&id=1806960354&mibextid=Nif5oz

English textbooks. Download textbooks, grammars, dictionaries, manuals, audio, video. For YLE, KET, PET, FCE, IELTS, TOEFL and more.

Adverb in English (Part 7)

Adverb of Degree

Modifying


extremely (adv) + adjective

The water was extremely cold.

quite (adv) + adjective

The movie is quite interesting.

-------------------------------------------

just (adv) + verb

He was just leaving.

almost (adv) + verb

She has almost finished.

very (adv) + adverb

She is running very fast.

too (adv) + adverb

You are walking too slowly.
-------------------------------------------------------------

adv + enough

You are running fast enough.

Usage of "enough"
Enough can be used as both an adverb and as a determiner.

'enough' ကို adverb (သို့) determiner အဖြစ် အသုံးပြုနိုင်ပါတယ်။

----------------------------------------------------------------

Enough as an adverb
Enough ကို adverb အဖြစ် အသုံးခြင်း

Enough as an adverb meaning 'to the necessary degree' goes after the adjective or adverb that it is modifying, and not before it as other adverbs do. It can be used both in positive and negative sentences.

Enough ကို adj or adv စကားလုံးရဲ့ နောက်မှ degree (အတိုင်းအတာပမာဏ) ကို ဖော်ပြရန်လည်း အသုံးပြုပါတယ်။

Examples

Is your coffee hot enough?

This box isn't big enough.

He didn't work hard enough.

I got here early enough.

---------------------------------------------------

Enough is often followed by "to" + the infinitive.

enough + to + infinitive (v1) အဖြစ် ရေးသားပြောဆိုတာလည်း တွေ့ဘူးကြမှာပါ။

Examples

He didn't work hard enough to pass the exam.

Is your coffee hot enough to drink?

She's not old enough to get married.

I got here early enough to sign up.

----------------------------------------------------

Enough can also be followed by "for someone" or "for something".

enough + for + someone / something

Examples

The dress was big enough for me.

She's not experienced enough for this job.

Is the coffee hot enough for you?

He didn't work hard enough for a promotion.

-----------------------------------------------------------

Enough as a determiner

Enough as a determiner meaning 'as much/many as necessary' goes before the noun it modifies. It is used with countable nouns in the plural and with uncountable nouns.

enough ကို ရေတွက်ရတဲ့နာမ်/ရေ တွက်မရတဲ့ နာမ်တွေရဲ့ရှေ့မှာ အထူးပြုဖို့ determiner အဖြစ် အသုံးပြုနိုင်ပါတယ်။

Examples

We have enough bread.

You have enough children.

They don't have enough food.

I don't have enough apples.

-----------------------------------------------

Usage of "too"
"Too" is always an adverb, but it has two distinct meanings, each with its own usage patterns.

''too'' ကို adv အဖြစ်သုံးနိုင်ပါတယ်။

Too meaning "also"
Too as an adverb meaning "also" goes at the end of the phrase it modifies.

''too'' ကို ''also'' အဓိပ္ပါယ်အဖြစ်လည်း သုံးလို့ရပါတယ်။
Examples
I would like to go swimming too, if you will let me come.

Can I go to the zoo too?

Is this gift for me too?

I'm not going to clean your room too!

--------------------------------------------------

Too meaning "excessively"

''too'' ကို ''အလွန့်အလွန်'' ပြင်းပြင်းထန်ထန် အထူးပြုချင်တဲ့အခါမှာလည်း အသုံးပြုပါတယ်။

Too as an adverb meaning "excessively" goes before the adjective or adverb it modifies. It can be used in both affirmative and negative sentences.

Examples

This coffee is too hot.

He works too hard.

Isn't she too young?

I am not too short!

----------------------------------------------------

Too is often followed by "to" + the infinitive.

too + adj + to + infinitive (v1)

Examples

The coffee was too hot to drink.

You're too young to have grandchildren!

I am not too tired to go out tonight.

Don't you work too hard to have any free time?

-------------------------------------------

Too can also be followed by "for someone" or "for something".

too + adj + for + someone/something

Examples

The coffee was too hot for me.

The dress was too small for her.

He's not too old for this job.

Sally's not too slow for our team.

-----------------------------------------------------

Usage of "very"

Very goes before an adverb or adjective to make it stronger.
''very'' ကို 'adv' or 'adj' အဓိပ္ပါယ်ပိုလေးနက်အောင် အသုံးပြုနိုင်ပါတယ်။

Examples

The girl was very beautiful.

The house is very expensive.

He worked very quickly.

She runs very fast.

---------------------------------------------------

Expressing very strong feelings
Expressing strong feelings
Expressing somewhat doubtful feelings

extremely, terribly, amazingly, wonderfully, insanely especially, particularly, uncommonly, unusually, remarkably, quite pretty, rather, fairly, not especially, not particularly

Examples

The movie was amazingly interesting.

The movie was particularly interesting.

The movie was fairly interesting.

-------------------------------------------
Examples

She sang wonderfully well.

She sang unusually well.

She sang pretty well.

--------------------------------------------------

Examples

The lecture was terribly boring.

The lecture was quite boring.

The lecture was rather boring.

----------------------------------------------

Inversion with negative adverbs

Examples

Never
I have never seen such courage.
Never have I seen such courage.

Rarely
She rarely left the house.

Rarely did she leave the house.

Not only
She did not only the cooking but the cleaning as well.

Not only did she do the cooking, but the cleaning as well.

Scarcely
I scarcely closed the door before he started talking.

Scarcely did I close the door before he started talking.

Seldom
We seldom cross the river after sunset.

Seldom do we cross the river sunset.

---------------------------------------------------------

Shared by
U Kyaw Soe Latt

PhD Candidate (Supply Chain Management, USA)

M.A Candidate (Social Studies, Switzerland)

MSc (Master of Science, Business Studies, Lucerne, Switzerland)

MBA (Master of Business Administration, REGENSYS Business School, Sandton, South Africa)

BSc (Hons, Logistics Management, University College Dublin, NUID, Ireland)

Advanced Diploma in English (WEI, Oregon, USA)

HDBA (Business Administration, University of Cambridge, UK)

Diploma in Legal Studies (Galway, Ireland)

OpenLearn: Parliament & Law (Open University, UK)

OpenLearn: Europe & the Law (Open University, UK)

OpenLearn: Constitutions in Transitions (Open University, UK)

OpenLearn: Changing Cities (Open University, UK)

OpenLearn: Econimics & the 2008 Crisis (Open University, UK)

Certificate in Early Childhood Education (Western Australia, AUS)

Certificate in Adult Teaching (AUS)

Certificate in Agricultural Policies, Climate Change & Food Security (Inter-American Development Bank, USA)

Certificate in Fiscal & Monetary Policies (Quantic School of Business, Washington, USA)

Certificate in US Government SeriesX (Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University, USA)

Certificate in Safe and Resilient Schools (University of Colorado Boulder, USA)

Certificate in TESOL (University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA

Adverb in English Part (6)

Adverbs of manner
Adverb of manner ဟာ တဦး၊ တယောက်က တခုခု ပြုလုပ်တဲ့အခါ ဘယ်လိုပြုလုပ်တယ် (how) ဆိုတာဖော်ပြတဲ့အတွက် ပြုလုပ်တယ်ဆိုတဲ့ ကြိယာကို ပိုမြင်သာသွားအောင် ပြုလုပ်ပေးအတွက်
ကြိယာဝိသေသန လို့ခေါ်ပါတယ်။ Adverb of manner ကို Main verb ရဲ့နောက် (သို့) Object ပါရင် အဲဒီ Object ရဲ့နောက်မှာ ရေးသားရပါတယ်။

Adverbs of manner tell us how something happens. They are usually placed either after the main verb or after the object.

-----------------------------------------------------------

Examples

He swims well. (well=adv)

He ran quickly. (quickly=adv)

She spoke softly. (softly=adv)

James coughed loudly to attract her attention.
(loudly=adv)

He plays the flute beautifully. (after the direct object) (beautifully=adv)

He ate the chocolate cake greedily. (after the direct object) (greedily=adv)

--------------------------------------------------

An adverb of manner cannot be put between a verb and its direct object. The adverb must be placed either before the verb or at the end of the clause.

Examples
He ate greedily the chocolate cake. [incorrect]

He ate the chocolate cake greedily. [correct]

He greedily ate the chocolate cake. [correct]

He gave us generously the money. [incorrect]

He gave us the money generously. [correct]

He generously gave us the money. [correct]

-----------------------------------------------------

မိမိပြောချင်တဲ့ စာကြောင်းမှာ preposition ပါလာရင် adverb of manner ကို main verb ရဲ့နောက် (သို့) preposition ရဲ့ရှေ့ (သို့) object ရဲ့ နောက်မှာ ရေးရပါတယ်။

If there is a preposition before the verb's object, you can place the adverb of manner either before the preposition or after the object.

Examples

The child ran happily towards his mother.

The child ran towards his mother happily.

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Object မပါတဲ့ စာကြောင်းမှာဆိုရင်.......adverb of manner ကို main verb ရဲ့ နောက်မှာ ရေးရပါ့မယ်။

Adverbs of manner should always come immediately after verbs which have no object (intransitive verbs).

Examples

The town grew quickly after 1997.

He waited patiently for his mother to arrive.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

These common adverbs of manner are almost always placed ............
directly after the verb:

well, badly, hard, & fast

Examples

He swam well despite being tired.

The rain fell hard during the storm.

-------------------------------------------------------------------
စာကြောင်းတကြောင်းမှာ ကြိယာတခုထက်ပိုပါလာရင်.......
adverb ကို ဘယ်နေရာမှာ ရေးရမယ်ဆိုတာ အလွန်အရေးကြီးပါတယ်။ main verb ရဲ့ရှေ့/နောက်မှာ ရေးရင် အဲဒီ main verb ကိုအထူးပြုပါတယ်။
The position of the adverb is important when there is more than one verb in a sentence. If the adverb is placed before or after the main verb, it modifies only that verb.

စာကြောင်းရဲ့နောက်မှာ adverb of manner ကို ရေးသားရင် စာကြောင်းတခုလုံးကို အထူးပြုပါတယ်။
If the adverb is placed after a clause, then it modifies the whole action described by the clause.

Notice the difference in meaning between the following sentences. (အဓိပ္ပါယ်ခြားနားမှုကို သတိပြုရပါမယ်။)

Example

She quickly agreed to re-type the letter. (the agreement is quick)

She agreed quickly to re-type the letter. (the agreement is quick)

She agreed to re-type the letter quickly. (the re-typing is quick)

He quietly asked me to leave the house. (the request is quiet)

He asked me quietly to leave the house. (the request is quiet)

He asked me to leave the house quietly. (the leaving is quiet)

------------------------------------------------------

Literary usage
Sometimes an adverb of manner is placed before a verb + object to add emphasis.

Examples

He gently woke the sleeping woman.

She angrily slammed the door.

-------------------------------------------------------------------

အချို့စာရေးဆရာတွေတွေဟာ adverb of manner ကို စာကြောင်းရဲ့ ရှေ့ဆုံးမှာ attention ရစေရန် ရေးသားလေ့ရှိပါတယ်။
Some writers put an adverb of manner at the beginning of the sentence to catch our attention and make us curious.

Examples

Slowly she picked up the knife.

Roughly he grabbed her arm.

----------------------------------------------

Shared by
U Kyaw Soe Latt

PhD Candidate (Supply Chain Management, USA)

MSc (Master of Science, Business Studies, Lucerne, Switzerland)

MBA (Master of Business Administration, REGENSYS Business School, Sandton, South Africa)

BSc (Hons, Logistics Management, University College Dublin, NUID, Ireland)

Advanced Diploma in English (WEI, Oregon, USA)

HDBA (Business Administration, University of Cambridge, UK)

Diploma in Legal Studies (Galway, Ireland)

OpenLearn: Parliament & Law (Open University, UK)

OpenLearn: Europe & the Law (Open University, UK)

OpenLearn: Constitutions in Transitions (Open University, UK)

OpenLearn: Changing Cities (Open University, UK)

OpenLearn: Econimics & the 2008 Crisis (Open University, UK)

Certificate in Early Childhood Education (Western Australia, AUS)

Certificate in Adult Teaching (AUS)

Certificate in Agricultural Policies, Climate Change & Food Security (Inter-American Development Bank, USA)

Certificate in Fiscal & Monetary Policies (Quantic School of Business, Washington, USA)

Certificate in US Government SeriesX (Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University, USA)

Certificate in Safe and Resilient Schools (University of Colorado Boulder, USA)

Certificate in TESOL (University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA

Adverb in English (Part 5)

Adverb of time

Adverbs of time tell us when an action happened, but also for how long, and how often.

အချိန်ပြစကားလုံးတွေဟာ Adverbs တွေဖြစ်ပါတယ်။ Adverbs of time ဟာ ဘယ်အချိန်မှာ ဖြစ်ခဲ့တယ်။ ဘယ်လောက်ကြာတယ်၊ အကြိမ်ဘယ်လောက် ဖြစ်ပျက်တယ်ဆိုပြီး ဖြစ်ခြင်း၊ ပြုလုပ်ခြင်းကို ထင်ရှားအောင် ပြောပြပေးတဲ့အတွက် ကြိယာကို အထူးပြုတယ်လို့ ခေါ်ပါတယ်။

Adverbs of time စကားလုံးတွေကို အများအားဖြင့် စားကြောင်းရဲ့ နောက်ဆုံးမှာ ရေးလေ့ရှိပါတယ်။
Adverbs that tell us when are usually placed at the end of the sentence.

Examples

Goldilocks went to the Bears' house yesterday.

I'm going to tidy my room tomorrow.

I saw Sally today.

I will call you later.

I have to leave now.

I saw that movie last year.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Adverbs of Time ကို စာကြောင်းရဲ့ ရှေ့ဆုံးမှာ ရေးလို့ရပါတယ်။ ရှေ့ဆုံးမှာ အချိန်ပြစကားလုံးကို ရေးခြင်းဟာ အချိန်ကာလကို ပိုမိုထင်ရှား စေချင်လို့ဖြစ်ပါတယ်။

Main verb ရဲ့ ရှေ့မှာလည်း Adverbs of Time ကို ရေးလို့ရပါတယ်။ အဲဒီလို ရေးသားခြင်းဟာ formal ပိုဖြစ်တယ်လို့ ပြောလို့ရပါတယ်။ ဥပမာမှာ (၃) မျိုးရေးပြထားပါတယ်။

Examples

Later Goldilocks ate some porridge. (the time is important)

Goldilocks later ate some porridge. (this is more formal, like a policeman's report)

Goldilocks ate some porridge later. (this is neutral, no particular emphasis)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Adverbs of Time ဟာ အချိန်ဘယ်လောက်ကြာတယ်ဆိုတာ ပြောပြပြီး ပုံမှန်အားဖြင့် စာကြောင်းရဲ့ နောက်ဆုံးမှာ ရေးလေ့ရှိပါတယ်။

Adverbs that tell us for how long.
Adverbs that tell us for how long are also usually placed at the end of the sentence.

Examples

She stayed in the Bears' house all day.

My mother lived in France for a year.

I have been going to this school since 1996.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Adverbial phrases that tell us for how long......
ကြိယာဝိ​​သေသန စကားစုတွေကို အချိန်ပြစကားလုံးအနေနဲ့ စာကြောင်းရဲ့ နောက်ဆုံးမှာ ရေးလေ့ရှိပါတယ်။

Examples

I stayed in Switzerland for three days.

I am going on vacation for a week.

I have been riding horses for several years.

The French monarchy lasted for several centuries.

I have not seen you since Monday.

Jim has been working here since 1997.

There has not been a more exciting discovery since last century.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Adverbs of Frequency တွေ အကြိမ်အရေအတွက်ပြောပြပြီး ကြိယာတွေကို အထူးပြုပါတယ်။
Adverb of Frequency ကို main verb ရဲ့ရှေ့၊ verb to be ရဲ့ နောက်မှာ ရေးသားရပါတယ်။

Adverbs that tell us how often express the frequency of an action. They are usually placed before the main verb but after auxiliary verbs (such as be, have, may, & must). The only exception is when the main verb is "to be", in which case the adverb goes after the main verb.

Examples

I often eat vegetarian food.

He never drinks milk.

You must always fasten your seat belt.

I am seldom late.

He rarely lies.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Adverbs of frequency ကို စာကြောင်းရဲ့ ရှေ့ဆုံး (သို့) နောက်ဆုံးမှာ ရေးသားလို့ ရပါတယ်။

Adverb that can be used in two positions:
Stronger position (S) or Weaker position (W)

frequently

I visit France frequently. (S)
I frequently visit France. (W)

generally

Generally, I don't like spicy foods. (S)
I generally don't like spicy foods. (W)

normally

I listen to classical music normally. (S)
I normally listen to classical music. (W)

occasionally

I go to the opera occasionally. (S)

I occasionally go to the opera. (W)

often

Often, I jog in the morning. (S)

I often jog in the morning. (W)

regularly

I come to this museum regularly. (S)

I regularly come to this museum. (W)

sometimes

I get up very early sometimes. (S)

I sometimes get up very early. (W)

usually

I enjoy being with children usually. (S)

I usually enjoy being with children. (W)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

အကြိမ်အရေအတွက်ပြသော ကြိယာဝိ​သေသနများကို စာကြောင်းရဲ့နောက်ဆုံးမှာ ရေးလေ့ရှိပါတယ်။
Some other adverbs that tell us how often express the exact number of times an action happens or happened. These adverbs are usually placed at the end of the sentence.

Examples

This magazine is published monthly.

He visits his mother once a week.

I work five days a week.

I saw the movie seven times.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Using "yet"
'yet' ကို မေးခွန်းနဲ့ အငြင်းဝါကျများတွင် ရေးရပါတယ်။

Yet is used in questions and in negative sentences to indicate that something that has not happened or may not have happened but is expected to happen. It is placed at the end of the sentence or after not.

Examples
Have you finished your work yet? ( simple request for information)

No, not yet. ( simple negative answer)

They haven't met him yet. ( simple negative statement)

Haven't you finished yet? ( expressing surprise)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Using "still"
'still'ကို main verb ရဲ့ရှေ့၊ အကူကြိယာရဲ့ နောက်မှာ ရေးရပါတယ်။

Examples

She is still waiting for you.

Jim might still want some.

Do you still work for the BBC?

Are you still here?

I am still hungry.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Order of adverbs of time
If you need to use more than one adverb of time in a sentence, use them in this order:

1: how long 2: how often 3: when

Examples
1 + 2 : I work (1) for five hours (2) every day

2 + 3 : The magazine was published (2) weekly (3) last year.

1 + 3 : I was abroad (1) for two months (3) last year.

1 + 2 + 3 : She worked in a hospital (1) for two days (2) every week (3) last year.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shared by

U Kyaw Soe Latt

PhD Candidate (Supply Chain Management, USA)

MSc (Master of Science, Business Studies, Lucerne, Switzerland)

MBA (Master of Business Administration, REGENSYS Business School, Sandton, South Africa)

BSc (Hons, Logistics Management, University College Dublin, NUID, Ireland)

Advanced Diploma in English (WEI, Oregon, USA)

HDBA (Business Administration, University of Cambridge, UK)

Diploma in Legal Studies (Galway, Ireland)

OpenLearn: Parliament & Law (Open University, UK)

OpenLearn: Europe & the Law (Open University, UK)

OpenLearn: Constitutions in Transitions (Open University, UK)

OpenLearn: Changing Cities (Open University, UK)

OpenLearn: Econimics & the 2008 Crisis (Open University, UK)

Certificate in Early Childhood Education (Western Australia, AUS)

Certificate in Adult Teaching (AUS)

Certificate in Agricultural Policies, Climate Change & Food Security (Inter-American Development Bank, USA)

Certificate in Fiscal & Monetary Policies (Quantic School of Business, Washington, USA)

Certificate in US Government SeriesX (Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University, USA)

Certificate in Safe and Resilient Schools (University of Colorado Boulder, USA)

Certificate in TESOL (University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA)

Adverb in English (Part 4)

Adverbs of Place (နေရာပြ ကြိယာဝိ​​နေများ)

နေရာပြစကားလုံး (places) တွေဟာ Adverbs တွေ ဖြစ်ပါတယ်။ ဘာကြောင့်လဲဆိုတော့ ဘယ်နေရာမှာ ကိစ္စတခုတခု ဖြစ်တယ်ဆိုတဲ့ ​'ဖြစ်တယ်' ဆိုတဲ့ ကြိယာကို ဘယ်မှာ ဖြစ်တယ်ဆိုတဲ့ 'နေရာပြ' စကားလုံးတွေနဲ့ ထင်ရှားအောင် ပြောပြပေးပြီး ကြိယာကို အထူးပြုခြင်းဖြစ်ပါတယ်။
Adverbs of place tell us where something happens.

Adverb of place ကို Main verb ရဲ့နောက် (သို့) အထူးပြုချင်တဲ့ ဝါကျပိုင်းရဲ့ နောက်မှာ ရေးရပါတယ်။
Adverbs of place are usually placed after the main verb or after the clause that they modify.

Adverb of place တွေဟာ Adjectives or other adverbs တွေကို အထူးပြုခြင်း မရှိပါဘူး။
Adverbs of place do not modify adjectives or other adverbs.

Some examples of adverbs of place:
here, everywhere, outside, away, around

Examples

John looked around but he couldn't see the monkey.

I searched everywhere I could think of.

I'm going back to school.

Come in!

They built a house nearby.

She took the child outside.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Here and There တို့သည်လည်း Adverb of place တွေဖြစ်ပါတယ်၊ ဒီစကားလုံးတွေဟာ ပြောတဲ့သူရဲ့ ဘယ်နေရာမှာ ပြုလုပ်ခဲ့တယ်ဆိုတာကို ပြောပြခြင်းဖြစ်ပါတယ်။

Here and there are common adverbs of place. They give a location relative to the speaker.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sentence Meaning

Come here!

Come towards me.

The table is in here.

Come with me; we will go see it together.

Put it there.

Put it in a place away from me.

The table is in there.

Go in; you can see it by yourself.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

'Here' နဲ့ 'there' ကို preposition (ဝိဘတ်) ၊ 'adverbial phrases' (ကြယာဝိ​​နေ စကားစုတွေ) တွေနဲ့ တွဲဖက် အသုံးပြုလို့ရပါတယ်။

'Here' and 'there' are combined with prepositions to make many common adverbial phrases.

Examples

What are you doing up there?

Come over here and look at what I found!

The baby is hiding down there under the table.

I wonder how my driver's license got stuck under here.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

'Here' နဲ့ 'there' ကို စာကြောင်းရဲ့ ရှေ့ဆုံးမှာ ပိုမိုထင်ရှားအောင် ရေးသားလေ့ရှိပါတယ်။

here/there + verbs + noun/pronoun + !
format နဲ့ ရေးသားနိုင်ပါတယ်။

Here and there are placed at the beginning of the sentence in exclamations or when emphasis is needed. They are followed by the verb if the subject is a noun or by a pronoun if the subject is a pronoun.

Examples

Here comes the bus!

There goes the bell!

There it is!

Here they are!

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

တချို့ Adverbs of places တွေကို Adverbs (သို့) prepositions တွေအဖြစ်လည်း ရေးသားအသုံးပြုနိုင်ပါတယ်။
'prepositions' အဖြစ်ရေးသားရင် နောက်မှာ 'noun' ရေးသားရပါတယ်။

Adverbs of place that are also prepositions
Many adverbs of place can also be used as prepositions. When used as prepositions, they must be followed by a noun.

Word Used as an adverb of place, modifying a verb Used as a preposition.

Around

The marble rolled around in my hand.

I am wearing a necklace around my neck.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Behind

Hurry! You are getting behind.

Let's hide behind the shed.

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Down

Mary fell down.

John made his way carefully down the cliff.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

In

We decided to drop in on Jake.

I dropped the letter in the mailbox.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Off

Let's get off at the next stop.

The wind blew the flowers off the tree.

--------------------------------------------------------------------

On

We rode on for several more hours.

Please put the books on the table.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Over

He turned over and went back to sleep.

I think I will hang the picture over my bed.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

-where နဲ့ ဆုံးသော Adverbs များ

Adverbs of place ending in -where

Adverbs of place that end in -where express the idea of location without specifying a specific location or direction.

Examples

I would like to go somewhere warm for my vacation.

Is there anywhere I can find a perfect plate of spaghetti around here?

I have nowhere to go.

I keep running in to Sally everywhere!

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

-wards နဲ့ ဆုံးသော Adverbs များ

Adverbs of place ending in -wards

Adverbs of place that end in -wards express movement in a particular direction.

Examples

Cats don't usually walk backwards.

The ship sailed westwards.

The balloon drifted upwards.

We will keep walking homewards until we arrive.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Be careful: Towards is a preposition, not an adverb, so it is always followed by a noun or a pronoun.

'Towards' သည် 'preposition' ဖြစ်ပါတယ်။ 'adverb' မဟုတ်ပါ။
Examples

He walked towards the car.

She ran towards me.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

'Movement: ရွေ့လျားမှု' နဲ့ 'location:နေရာ' ကို ပြသော Adverbs များ။

Adverbs of place expressing both movement & location

Some adverbs of place express both movement & location at the same time.

Examples

The child went indoors.

He lived and worked abroad.

Water always flows downhill.

The wind pushed us sideways.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Shared by

U Kyaw Soe Latt

PhD Candidate (Supply Chain Management, USA)

MSc (Master of Science, Business Studies, Lucerne, Switzerland)

MBA (Master of Business Administration, REGENSYS Business School, Sandton, South Africa)

BSc (Hons, Logistics Management, University College Dublin, NUID, Ireland)

Advanced Diploma in English (WEI, Oregon, USA)

HDBA (Business Administration, University of Cambridge, UK)

Diploma in Legal Studies (Galway, Ireland)

OpenLearn: Parliament & Law (Open University, UK)

OpenLearn: Europe & the Law (Open University, UK)

OpenLearn: Constitutions in Transitions (Open University, UK)

OpenLearn: Changing Cities (Open University, UK)

OpenLearn: Econimics & the 2008 Crisis (Open University, UK)

Certificate in Early Childhood Education (Western Australia, AUS)

Certificate in Adult Teaching (AUS)

Certificate in Agricultural Policies, Climate Change & Food Security (Inter-American Development Bank, USA)

Certificate in Fiscal & Monetary Policies (Quantic School of Business, Washington, USA)

Certificate in US Government SeriesX (Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University, USA)

Certificate in Safe and Resilient Schools (University of Colorado Boulder, USA)

Certificate in TESOL (University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA)

Adverb in English (Part 3)

နှိုင်းယှဥ် ကြိယာဝိ​သေသနများ

Comparative and Superlative Adverbs

-ly ဖြင့်ဆုံးသော Adv များကို 'more' နဲ့ 'most' ပေါင်းထည့်ပြီး Comparative နဲ့ Superlative သို့ ပြောင်းနိုင်ပါတယ်။
With adverbs ending in -ly, you must use 'more' to form the comparative, and 'most' to form the superlative.

Adverb...............Comparative.........Superlative
quietly.................more quietly.......most quietly
slowly..................more sowly.........most slowly
seriously...........more seriously....most seriously

Examples

The teacher spoke more slowly to help us to understand.

Could you sing more quietly please?

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

အသံထွက်အရေအတွက် နည်းသော 'short adv' များကို '-er' နှင့် '-est' ပေါင်းပြီး comparative နဲ့ superlative adv များသို့ ပြောင်းလဲ ရေးသားနိုင်ပါတယ်။

With short adverbs that do not end in -ly comparative and superlative forms are identical to adjectives: add -er to form the comparative and -est to form the superlative.

(If the adverb ends in e, remove it before adding the ending.)
'-e' ဖြင့် ဆုံးသော adv များကို comparative နှင့် superlative adv သို့ ပြောင်းရန် '-e' ကို ဖြုတ်ပြီးမှ '-er' နဲ့
'-est' ပေါင်းထည့်ရေးသားပါ။

Adverb.............Comparative.........Superlative
hard......................harder...................hardest
fast.......................faster.....................fastest
late..........................later......................latest

Examples

Jim works harder than his brother.

Everyone in the race ran fast, but John ran the fastest of all.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

အချို့ Adv များသည်......irregular ဖြစ်တဲ့အတွက် comparative နဲ့ superlative ကို ပုံသေနည်းဖြင့်
ပြောင်းရန် မဖြစ်ပါ။

Some adverbs have irregular comparative and superlative forms.

Adverb.............Comparative............Superlative
....badly..............worse..........................worst
.....far.........farther/further........farthest/furthest
......little.................less..........................least
......well................better.........................best

Examples

The little boy ran farther than his friends.

You're driving worse today than yesterday !

He played the best of any player.

# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #

"Be educated in English Language and well-educated for our COUNTRY!"

# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #

ဦးကျော်စိုးလတ်
PhD Candidate (Supply Chain Management: Smart Ports, USA)

MSc Candidate, (Master of Science, Business Studies, Switzerland)

MBA (Master of Business Administration, REGENSYS Business School, South Africa)

BSc (Hons, Logistics Management, University College Dublin, NUID, Ireland)

Advanced Diploma in English (WEI, Oregon, USA)

HDBA (Business Administration, University of Cambridge, UK)

Diploma in Legal Studies (Galway, Ireland)

OpenLearn: Culture, Society & Politics: Parliament & Law (Open University, UK)

Certificate in Early Childhood Education (Western Australia, AUS)

Certificate in Adult Teaching (Australia)

Certificate in Agricultural Policies, Climate Change & Food Security (Inter-American Development Bank, USA)

Certificate in Fiscal & Monetary Policies (Quantic School of Business, Washington, USA)

Certificate in US Government SeriesX (Harvard University, USA)

Certificate in Safe and Resilient Schools (University of Colorado Boulder, USA)

Certificate in TESOL (University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA)

Contact: 09402703462