Brilliant Way English Academy

Grade 5 English Lesson 4: Pronouns

Students will learn what pronouns are, why they are used, and how to use different types of pronouns correctly in sentences.

A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun or a noun phrase.
Pronouns help us avoid repeating the same noun again and again.

Pronoun (සර්වනාම පද) යනු නාම පදයක් (Noun) හෝ නාම වාක්‍ය ඛණ්ඩයක් (Noun Phrase) වෙනුවට භාවිතා කරන වචනයකි.

Pronouns භාවිතා කරන්නේ එකම නාම පදය නැවත නැවත භාවිතා කිරීමෙන් වැළකීමටයි.

Without a pronoun:
Amal is a good student. Amal studies hard. Amal likes English.

With a pronoun:
Amal is a good student. He studies hard. He likes English.

Common Pronouns

Pronoun Used For
I myself
You one person or many people
He a boy/man
She a girl/woman
It an animal or thing
We a group including myself
They people, animals, or things

Personal Pronouns

These are the most common pronouns.

Noun Pronoun
Amal he
Nethmi she
The cat it
Amal and Nethmi they
My friends and I we

Examples

• Amal is playing. He is playing.
• Nethmi is reading. She is reading.
• The dog is sleeping. It is sleeping.
• Amal and Nimal are friends. They are friends.

Subject Pronouns

Subject pronouns do the action.
ක්‍රියාව සිදු කරන පුද්ගලයා හෝ දේ පෙන්වන Pronouns වේ.

Pronoun Example

I I play cricket.
You You sing well.
He He runs fast.
She She reads books.
It It is small.
We We study English.
They They are happy.

Object Pronouns

Object pronouns receive the action.

Object Pronouns යනු ක්‍රියාවේ බලපෑම ලබන පුද්ගලයා හෝ දෙය පෙන්වයි.

Subject Pronoun Object Pronoun

I me
you you
he him
she her
it it
we us
they them

Examples
• Mother called me.
• I saw him.
• The teacher praised her.
• We helped them.

Possessive Pronouns

These pronouns show ownership.
අයිතිය පෙන්වන Pronouns වේ.

Pronoun Example

mine This book is mine.
yours This pencil is yours.
his The bag is his.
hers The doll is hers.
ours The classroom is ours.
theirs The bicycles are theirs.

Activity 1 – Replace the Noun with a Pronoun

Example
Amal is reading.
→ He is reading.

Questions
1. Nethmi is dancing.
2. The dog is barking.
3. Amal and Nimal are playing.
4. My friends and I are studying.

Answers
1. She is dancing.
2. It is barking.
3. They are playing.
4. We are studying.

Activity 2 – Choose the Correct Pronoun
1. Amal is my friend. (He / She) is kind.
2. Nethmi is singing. (He / She) sings well.
3. My brother and I are happy. (We / They) are happy.
4. The cat is sleeping. (It / They) is sleeping.
5. Amal and Nimal are playing. (We / They) are playing.

Answers
1. He
2. She
3. We
4. It
5. They

👩‍🏫 Teacher Krishmali
BBA (Hons), BTEC-HND (Bus.Mgt), CALSDA (Cert. in TEYL, TEIL), Dip in English (ICBT), DECE, Dip in English (British Council), TKT

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Grade 4 English Lesson 5 : Determiners

A determiner is a word that comes before a noun or at the beginning of a noun phrase.
Determiners help us know:
• Which person or thing we are talking about
• How many there are
• Who owns them

Examples:
• the cat
• a cat
• an apple
• my book
• this pencil
• some flowers

Determiner යනු නාම පදයකට (Noun) පෙර හෝ නාම වාක්‍ය ඛණ්ඩයක (Noun Phrase) ආරම්භයේ යෙදෙන වචනයකි.
Determiners මගින් අපට:
• කුමන පුද්ගලයා හෝ දේ ගැනද කතා කරන්නේ
• කොපමණ ප්‍රමාණයක් තිබේද
• එය කාට අයිතිද යන්න දැනගත හැක.

Common Determiners

Determiner Example
a a dog
an an orange
the the sun
this this bag
that that car
these these books
those those birds
my my pencil
your your book
some some apples

Using "a" and "an"

Use a before words that begin with a consonant sound.
ව්‍යංජන ශබ්දයකින් ආරම්භ වන වචනවලට පෙර a යොදයි.

Examples:
• a cat
• a dog
• a pencil

Use an before words that begin with a vowel sound.
ස්වර ශබ්දයකින් ආරම්භ වන වචනවලට පෙර an යොදයි.

Examples:
• an apple
• an orange
• an elephant

Using "the"

Use the when talking about a specific person, animal, or thing.
විශේෂිත පුද්ගලයෙකු, සතෙකු හෝ දෙයක් ගැන කතා කරන විට the යොදයි.

Examples:
• the cat on the roof
• the teacher
• the moon

Other Determiners

This / These
Used for things that are near.
ළඟ ඇති දේවල් සඳහා භාවිතා කරයි.

• this book
• these flowers

That / Those
Used for things that are far away.
දුර ඇති දේවල් සඳහා භාවිතා කරයි.

• that tree
• those birds

My / Your
අයිතිය පෙන්වයි.

Show ownership.
• my bag
• your pencil

Some
Shows an amount or number.
යම් ප්‍රමාණයක් පෙන්වයි.

• some apples
• some books

Examples in Sentences

1. I have a pencil.
මට පැන්සලක් ඇත.
2. She ate an orange.
ඇය දොඩම් ගෙඩියක් කෑවා.
3. The dog is sleeping.
බල්ලා නිදාගෙන සිටී.
4. This is my book.
මේ මගේ පොතයි.
5. Look at those birds.
අර කුරුල්ලන් බලන්න.
6. We bought some mangoes.
අපි අඹ කිහිපයක් මිලදී ගත්තා.

Activity 1 – Choose the Correct Determiner

1. I saw (a / an) elephant.
2. She has (a / an) book.
3. Look at (this / those) flower here.
4. We ate (some / my) grapes.
5. (The / An) sun rises in the east.

Answers
1. an
2. a
3. this
4. some
5. The

Activity 2 – Fill in the Blanks

Use: a, an, the, my, some
1. I have _____ umbrella.
2. _____ cat is sleeping on the mat.
3. This is _____ school bag.
4. She bought _____ pencils.
5. He has _____ bicycle.

Answers
1. an
2. The
3. my
4. some
5. a

👩‍🏫 Teacher Krishmali
BBA (Hons), BTEC-HND (Bus.Mgt), CALSDA (Cert. in TEYL, TEIL), Dip in English (ICBT), DECE, Dip in English (British Council), TKT

📚 Classes:
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Grade 3 English Lesson 5 : Apostrophes for Possession ( 's )

Students will learn how to use apostrophes (' ) with s to show that something belongs to someone or something.

An apostrophe ( ' ) is a punctuation mark.
Apostrophes are used:

1. In contractions (short forms of words)
o do not → don't
o is not → isn't

2. To show possession (ownership)
o The girl's bag.
o The dog's tail.

Apostrophe ( ' ) යනු විරාම ලකුණකි.

Apostrophe භාවිතා කරන්නේ:

1. වචන කෙටි කිරීමට
o do not → don't
o is not → isn't

2. අයිතිය (Possession) පෙන්වීමට
o The girl's bag.
o The dog's tail.

What is Possession?

Possession means that something belongs to someone or something.

Possession යනු යම් දෙයක් කෙනෙකුට හෝ යම් සත්වයකුට අයිති බව පෙන්වීමයි.
අයිතිකරුගේ නමට 's එකතු කරයි.

We add 's after the owner.

Pattern

Owner + 's + thing

Examples:
• Amal's book
• Mother's car
• The cat's toy

Examples of Possession

English Sinhala

Amal's pencil අමල්ගේ පැන්සල
Nimal's ball නිමල්ගේ පන්දුව
Mother's bag අම්මාගේ බෑගය
Father's bicycle තාත්තාගේ බයිසිකලය
The dog's tail බල්ලාගේ වලිගය
The bird's nest කුරුල්ලාගේ කූඩුව

1. This is Amal's book.
2. That is Mother's bag. 3. The dog's tail is long.

Activity 1 – Complete with 's

Add 's to show possession.
1. Amal ____ book
2. Mother ____ car
3. The dog ____ tail
4. Nethmi ____ pencil

Answers
1. Amal's book
2. Mother's car
3. The dog's tail
4. Nethmi's pencil

Activity 2 – Circle the Correct Answer

1. This is the (girl's / girls) doll.
2. The (cat's / cats) tail is black.
3. That is Father's / Fathers car.
4. The (bird's / birds) nest is small.

Answers
1. girl's
2. cat's
3. Father's
4. bird's

👩‍🏫 Teacher Krishmali
BBA (Hons), BTEC-HND (Bus.Mgt), CALSDA (Cert. in TEYL, TEIL), Dip in English (ICBT), DECE, Dip in English (British Council), TKT

📚 Classes:
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Grade 2 English Lesson 5: Past Tense Verbs (Irregular)

Students will learn that many past tense verbs end with -ed, but some verbs change in a different way. These are called irregular verbs.

A verb is an action word.

ක්‍රියා පදයක් (Verb) යනු ක්‍රියාවක් පෙන්වන වචනයකි.

Examples:
• run
• eat
• go
• see

When we talk about something happening now, we use the present tense.

When we talk about something that happened before, we use the past tense.

දැන් සිදුවන දෙයක් ගැන කතා කරන විට වර්තමාන කාලය (Present Tense) භාවිතා කරයි.

පසුගිය කාලයේ සිදු වූ දෙයක් ගැන කතා කරන විට අතීත කාලය (Past Tense) භාවිතා කරයි.

Regular Verbs (-ed)

Most verbs make the past tense by adding -ed.

බොහෝ ක්‍රියා පද අතීත කාලයට පත් කිරීම සඳහා -ed එකතු කරයි.

Present Past
walk walked
jump jumped
play played
clean cleaned

Examples:
• I walk to school. → I walked to school yesterday.
• She plays football. → She played football yesterday.

Irregular Verbs (Special Changes)

• Some verbs do not add -ed. They change in a special way.

සමහර ක්‍රියා පද -ed එකතු නොකරයි. ඒවා වෙනස් ආකාරයකට වෙනස් වේ.

Present Past
run ran
eat ate
go went
see saw
come came
give gave

• I run down the road. → I ran down the road.
• I eat an apple. → I ate an apple.

Let's Practice

Activity 1: Match the Verbs
Draw lines to match.

Present Past
run went
go saw
see ate
eat ran

Answers:
• run → ran
• go → went
• see → saw
• eat → ate

Activity 2: Fill in the Blanks

Choose the correct past tense word.
1. Yesterday I _____ to the park. (went/go)
2. I _____ a mango yesterday. (ate/eat)
3. She _____ a bird. (saw/see)
4. The boy _____ very fast. (ran/run)

Answers
1. went
2. ate
3. saw
4. ran

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🌟 Would Sentence Pattern for Children 🌟

What is "Would"?

We use would to be polite, make offers, invitations, and talk about things we would like to do.

📝 Sentence Patterns
1. Asking Politely

Would + subject + like to + verb?

✅ Would you like to play with me?
✅ Would you like to read a book?
✅ Would you like to come to my party?

2. Saying Yes

Yes, I would.

✅ Would you like some juice?
✅ Yes, I would.

✅ Would you like to play football?
✅ Yes, I would.

3. Saying No

No, I would not. (No, I wouldn't.)

✅ Would you like some coffee?
✅ No, I would not.

✅ Would you like to stay inside?
✅ No, I wouldn't.

4. Expressing a Wish

I would like to + verb

✅ I would like to be a teacher.
✅ I would like to visit the zoo.
✅ I would like to learn English.

⭐ Practice

Fill in the blanks with would.

_____ you like to play a game?
Yes, I _____.
I _____ like to visit the beach.
We _____ love to help.

Answers:

Would
would
would
would

🎯 Remember

✅ Would you like to...? → Asking politely
✅ Yes, I would. → Positive answer
✅ No, I wouldn't. → Negative answer
✅ I would like to... → Expressing a wish or desire

🌈 Would helps us speak politely and confidently! 🌈

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Grade 4 Singular 🐱 and Plural 🐱🐱Nouns

Singular Noun
A singular noun means one person, animal, place, or thing.
Examples:
• one cat 🐱
• one book 📖
• one child 👧

Plural Noun
A plural noun means more than one person, animal, place, or thing.
Examples:
• two cats 🐱🐱
• three books 📚
• four children 👧👦👧👦

Rule 1: Add -s
For most nouns, add s to make them plural.
Singular Plural
cat cats
book books
pen pens

Rule 2: Add -es
If a noun ends in s, ss, sh, ch, x, or z, add es.

Singular Plural
bus buses
class classes
dish dishes
watch watches
box boxes
quiz quizzes

Rule 3: Change y to i and Add -es

When a noun ends in a consonant + y, change y to i and add es.
Singular Plural
baby babies
city cities
lady ladies

Note
If the word ends in a vowel + y, just add s.

Singular Plural
boy boys
toy toys
monkey monkeys

Rule 4: Change f or fe to ves

Some nouns ending in f or fe change to ves.
Singular Plural
leaf leaves
wolf wolves

Rule 5: Irregular Nouns
Some nouns do not follow any rule.

Singular Plural
man men
woman women
child children
tooth teeth

Activity

Write the plural form of each noun.
1. cat → __________
2. bus → __________
3. baby → __________
4. leaf → __________
5. child → __________
6. box → __________
knife → __________
1. city → __________
2. woman → __________
3. watch → __________

Answers:
1. cats
2. buses
3. babies
4. leaves
5. children
6. boxes
7. knives
8. cities
9. women
10. watches

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